2023/10/18 18:15 Tank with liquid and vapor volumes of variable proportion - MATLAB - MathWorks 中国

Receiver Accumulator (2P)

Tank with liquid and vapor volumes of variable proportion

Library: Simscape / Fluids / Two-Phase Fluid / Tanks & Accumulators

Description
The Receiver-Accumulator (2P) block represents a tank with fluid that can undergo phase change.
The liquid and vapor phases, referred to as zones, are modeled as distinct volumes that can change
in size during simulation, but do not mix. The relative amount of space a zone occupies in the
system is called a zone fraction, which ranges from 0 to 1. The vapor-liquid mixture phase is not
modeled.

In an HVAC system, when this tank is placed between a condenser and an expansion valve, it acts as
a receiver. Liquid connections to the block are made at ports AL and BL. When the tank is placed
between an evaporator and a compressor, it acts as an accumulator. Vapor connections to the block
are made at ports AV and BV. A fluid of either phase can be connected to either port, however the
fluid exiting from a V port is in the vapor zone and an L port is in the liquid zone. There is no mass
flow through unconnected ports.

The temperature of the tank walls are set at port H.

The liquid level of the tank is reported as a zone fraction at port L. If the liquid level reports 0, the
tank is fully filled with vapor. The tank is never empty.

Heat Transfer
The total heat transfer, QH, is the sum of the heat transfer in the liquid and vapor phases:

QH = QL + QV.

The heat transfer between the liquid and the wall is:

QL = (Sc + z L Ss)α L (T H − T L ) + Scα LV (TV − T L )

where:

z
L
is the liquid volume fraction of the tank.

S
c
is the Tank cross sectional area parameter.

S
s
is surface area of the tank side, which the block calculates from the volume and tank cross-
sectional area.

α
L
is the Liquid heat transfer coefficient parameter.

TH is the temperature of the tank wall.

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2023/10/18 18:15 Tank with liquid and vapor volumes of variable proportion - MATLAB - MathWorks 中国

Tis the temperature of the liquid.

L

The block calculates the heat transfer coefficient between the liquid and the vapor as

1
α LV = .
1 1
+
αL αV

The heat transfer between the vapor and the wall is:

QV = (Sc + (1 − z L )Ss)αV (T H − TV ) + Scα LV (T L − TV ),

where:

α
V
is the Vapor heat transfer coefficient.

T
V
is the temperature of the vapor.

The liquid volume fraction is determined from the liquid mass fraction:

fM,LνL
zL = ,
fM,LνL + (1 − fM,L)νV

where:

f
M,L
is the mass fraction of the liquid.

νL is the specific volume of the liquid.

νV is the specific volume of the vapor.

Energy Flow Rates Due To Phase Change
When the liquid specific enthalpy is greater than or equal to the saturated liquid specific enthalpy,
the mass flow rate of the vaporizing fluid is:

M L (h L − h L ,Sat )/(hV − h L ,Sat )

ṁVap = .
τ

where:

M
L
is the total liquid mass.

τ is the Vaporization and condensation time constant parameter.

hL is the specific enthalpy of the liquid at the internal node.

h
L,Sat
is the saturated liquid specific enthalpy at the internal node.

h
V
is the specific enthalpy of the vapor.

hV,Sat is the saturated vapor specific enthalpy.

The energy flow associated with vaporization is:

ϕVap = ṁVaphV ,Sat ,

When the liquid specific enthalpy is lower than the saturated liquid specific enthalpy, no
vaporization occurs, and ṁVap = 0.

Similarly, when the vapor specific enthalpy is less than or equal to the saturated vapor specific
enthalpy, the mass flow rate of the condensing fluid is:

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2023/10/18 18:15 Tank with liquid and vapor volumes of variable proportion - MATLAB - MathWorks 中国
MV (hV − hV ,Sat )/(hV − h L ,Sat )
ṁCon = .
τ

where MV is the total vapor mass.

The energy flow associated with condensation is:

ϕCon = ṁConh L ,Sat ,

When the vapor specific enthalpy is higher than the saturated vapor specific enthalpy, no
condensation occurs, and ṁCon = 0.
Mass Balance
The total tank volume is constant. Due to phase change, the volume fraction and mass of the fluid
changes. The mass balance in the liquid zone is:

dML
= ṁL,In − ṁL,Out + ṁCon − ṁVap,
dt

where:

ṁ
L,In
is the inlet liquid mass flow rate at all L and V ports.

ṁ
L,Out
is the outlet liquid mass flow rate:

ṁL,Out = −(ṁAL + ṁBL),

ṁ
Con
is the mass flow rate of the condensing fluid.

ṁ
Vap
is the mass flow rate of the vaporizing fluid.

The mass balance in the vapor zone is:

dMV
= ṁV,In − ṁV,Out − ṁCon + ṁVap,
dt

where:

M
V
is the total vapor mass.

ṁ
V,In
is the inlet vapor mass flow rate at all L and V ports.

ṁ
V,Out
is the outlet vapor mass flow rate:

ṁV,Out = −(ṁAV + ṁBV).

If there is only one zone present in the tank, the outlet mass flow rate of the fluid is the sum of the
flow rate through all of the ports:

ṁphase,Out = −(ṁAL + ṁBL + ṁAV + ṁBV).

where ṁ
phase,Out
is ṁ
L,Out
if the fluid is entirely liquid, and ṁ
V,Out
if the fluid is entirely vapor.

Energy Balance
The fluid can heat or cool depending on the heat transfer between the tank and wall, which is set by
the temperature at port H.

The energy balance in the liquid zone is:

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2023/10/18 18:15 Tank with liquid and vapor volumes of variable proportion - MATLAB - MathWorks 中国
duL dML
ML + uL = ϕL,In − ϕL,Out + ϕCon − ϕVap + QL.
dt dt

where:

uL is the specific internal energy of the liquid.

ϕL,In is the inlet liquid energy flow rate at all L and V ports.

ϕ
L,Out
is the outlet liquid energy flow rate:

ϕL,Out = −(ϕAL + ϕBL).

ϕCon is the energy flow rate of the condensing vapor.

ϕ
Vap
is the energy flow rate of the vaporizing liquid.

Q
L
is the heat transfer between the tank wall and the liquid.

The energy balance in the vapor zone is:

duV dMV
MV + uV = ϕV,In − ϕV,Out − ϕCon + ϕVap + QV.
dt dt

uV is the specific internal energy of the vapor.

ϕ
V,In
is the inlet vapor energy flow rate at all L and V ports.

ϕV,Out is the outlet vapor energy flow rate:

ϕV,Out = −(ϕAV + ϕBV).

Q
V
is the heat transfer between the tank wall and the vapor.

If there is only one zone present in the tank, the outlet energy flow rate is the sum of the flow rate
through all of the ports:

ϕphase,Out = −(ϕAL + ϕBL + ϕAV + ϕBV).

where ϕphase,Out is ϕL,Out if the fluid is entirely liquid, and ϕV,Out if the fluid is entirely vapor.
Momentum Balance
There are no pressure changes modeled in the tank, including hydrostatic pressure. The pressure at
any port is equal to the internal tank pressure.

Assumptions and Limitations

Pressure must remain below the critical pressure.

Hydrostatic pressure is not modeled.

The container wall is rigid, therefore the total volume of fluid is constant.

The thermal mass of the tank wall is not modeled.

Flow resistance through the outlets is not modeled. To model pressure losses associated with the
outlets, connect a Local Restriction (2P) block or a Flow Resistance (2P) block to the ports of the
Receiver-Accumulator (2P) block.

A liquid-vapor mixture is not modeled.

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