GRAMMAR REVISION
Ⅰ. Will Vs Be Going to
Will
1. To talk about spontaneous decisions or
actions made at the moment of speaking
Ex: The phone is ringing. I’ll answer it.
+ (the phone is ringing right now, and I have
to answer it immediately. We can’t use be
going to here because this action isn’t
planned out. If you use going to, it means
you have already planned to pick up that
phone which is wrong in this context.
The phone is ringing. I’m going to answer
it. )
2. To make predictions about future events
but you are not certain about it.
Ex: I think it will rain today.
+ (In this particular sentence, you are not
sure whether it will rain or not. You just
predict it without an evidence)
3. First conditional
Form:
If+S+v1+Obj, S+will+v1+Obj
Ex: If you work hard, you will achieve your
dream.
+ (We use will here to talk about possibility.
It means it will happen (achieving your
dream) if you work hard. But it isn’t 100%
sure)
Time Expression:
I think I will
I’m sure I will
I promise I will….
Be going to
1. To talk about a plan and intention that
have already been decided or arrange in
advance,
Ex: My husband and I are going to buy a
new house next month because we have
saved enough money to buy one.
+ (First, the action of buying a new house
has already been planned and decided.
Second, they have a strong intention or
strong purpose to buy new house because
they have saved enough money. In this case,
we cannot use will because they have
already decided and planned out while will
only use for spontaneous decisions or
actions made at the moment of speaking.)
2. To talk about future events that are more
likely to happen based on the evidence.
Ex: Looks at those dark clouds! It’s going to
rain
+ (The phrase looks at those dark clouds is
an evidence which show the action of
raining will occur soon because of the dark
clouds.)
Remember: Be going to mustn’t use in first
conditional.
Ex: If you work hard, you are going to
achieve your dream.
Time expression:
Look out!
Be careful
Look at….
Ⅱ. Present Simple Vs Present Continuous (for future)
Present Simple Present Continuous
1. To talk about future events that are 2. To talk about future appointment or
planned or scheduled (timetable) to happen arrangements that have already been made.
at a specific time.
Ex: I am meeting my friend for lunch
Ex: The train leaves at 3:00 am tomorrow. tomorrow.
+ (the train is scheduled to leave at 3am) + (You have already arranged to meet your
friend for lunch tomorrow. You can’t use be
2. We also used present simple to describe going to here because be going to isn’t use
future events after these expressions such as for arrangement or appointment.
if, when, until, as soon as, before, and after I am going to meet my friend for lunch
tomorrow.
Ex: As soon as I finish eating breakfast, I
will go to school. Ex2: I’m meeting the doctor tomorrow for a
+ (the actions of eating breakfast here is health checkup.
happening at the present time, and you will (You have already booked an appointment to
continue doing another activity (will go to meet a doctor tomorrow)
school) once you have finished eating the
breakfast.)

Ⅲ. Future perfect vs Future continuous

Future Perfect Future Continuous
1. To talk about activities that will be 2. To talk about activates in progress at a
finished by a certain time in the future. particular time in the future. The activities
are in progress, so they haven’t finished yet.
Ex: By 2028, I will have graduated at the
university. Ex; At 10 o’clock next week. I will be laying
+ (in this sentence, you are currently on the beach.
studying at the university in 2024. But 4 At 10 o’clock next week
years later which is 2028, you will have In progress
finished or graduated from the university)
2028
At 10 o’clock today will be laying on the
beach

will have TE: Tomorrow (evening/afternoon/evening)

2024 graduated At this time/By this time + next week/
You are still studying right now tomorrow/next week/next month
+ In the future/ In 2030/all days/all weeks
TE: We often use expression by in the tense.