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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“Jnana Sangama” Belagavi-590 014

A Report on

SOCIAL CONNECT AND RESPONSIBILITIES

(21SCR36)
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of III Semester for the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
CSE (Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning)

Submitted by

Mr. CHETAN M (1DB21CI015)

Under the guidance of

Ms. Kursheed B
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF CSE(AI-ML)
DON BOSCO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Mysuru Road, Kumbalagodu, Bengaluru-560074
2022 - 2023

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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“Jnana Sangama” Belagavi-590 014

DON BOSCO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Mysuru Road, Kumbalagodu, Bengaluru-560074
DEPARTMENT OF CSE(AI-ML)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the “Social Connect and Responsibilities” (21SCR36), activity is a
bonafide work carried out by Mr. CHETAN M (1DB21CI015), submitted in the partial
fulfilment for the III Semester examination of Bachelor of Engineering in CSE (Artificial
Intelligence – Machine Learning) of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi,
during the academic year 2022- 2023. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for
Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the departmental library.
The activity has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of the “ Social
Connect and Responsibilities” activity work prescribed for the said degree.

Guide:

………………………… ………………………. ……………………

Ms. Kursheed B DR. Anasuya. N. J. Examiner 1

Assistant Professor HOD (CSE (AI-ML Dept.)
(CSE(AI-ML) Dept.)

…………………….
Examiner 2

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any task would be in
complete without mention of the people who made it possible and under whose constant
guidance and encouragement the task was complete.

We express my gratitude to the Management of “DON BOSCO INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY, BENGALURU”, for providing Infrastructure and Facilities to carry out the
activity work.

We express my sincere gratitude to Dr. B S Nagabhushana, Principal, Don Bosco Institute of

Technology, Bengaluru for his timely help and inspiration during the course.

We express my profuse gratitude to Dr. Anasuya N. J., Professor and Head of the
Department of CSE (AI-ML), Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, for his timely
co-operation while carrying the activity work.

We express my profuse gratitude to Ms. Kursheed B, Assistant Professor, Department of

CSE (AI-ML), Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, for his constant guidance and
co-operation while carrying the activity work.

We would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Teaching Faculty Members & Non-Teaching
staff members of Department of CSE (AI-ML) Engineering, Don Bosco Institute of
Technology, Bengaluru, who have directly or indirectly helped me in completion of the
activity work successfully.

We express my gratitude to chief librarian and team for their support and care in completion of
the activity work.

We express wholehearted thanks to my Parents and Friends for their support and care in
completion of the activity work successfully.

PLACE:

DATE: CHETAN M
(1DB21CI015)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover Page (i)
Certificate (ii)
Acknowledgement (iii)
Abstract (iv)

Chapter No. Chapter Description Page No.

Chapter-1 Plantation and Adoption of a tree 6
1.1 Introduction 6
1.2 Importance of Trees 6
1.3 About Plant 7
1.3.1 Benefits of the plant 8
1.4 Plantation Steps 8
1.5 Tools used 9
1.6 Conclusion 9
1.7 Gallery 9

Chapter-2 Heritage walk and Crafts corner. 10

2.1 Introduction to Heritage Sites 10
2.2 Importance of Heritage places 10
2.3 Planning, execution, Destination to Bangalore Fort 11
2.4 About Bangalore Fort 12
2.4.1 History 12
2.4.2 Present Status 13
2.5 Tipu Sultan’s Summer Palace 14
2.5.1 About 16
2.6 Conclusion 17
Chapter-3 Organic farming and Waste management 18
3.1 Introduction 18
3.2 Benefits of Organic Farming 18
3.3 Challenges of Organic Farming 19
3.4 Benefits Of Waste Management 20

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3.5 Challenges of Waste Management 20

3.6 Some Examples of Waste Management 20
3.6.1 Banana Waste Management 20
3.6.2 Sugarcane Waste Management 21
3.7 Conclusion 22
Chapter-4 Water Conservation 23
4.1 Introduction 23
4.2 Importance of Water conservation 23
4.3 Strategies of Water Conservation 23
4.3.1 Rainwater Harvesting 23
4.3.2 Greywater Recycling 24
4.3.3 Pressure Reducing Valves 24
4.3.4 Efficient irrigation Techniques 25
4.4 Need of Water Conservation 26
4.6 Conclusion 26
Chapter-5 Food Walk 27
5.1 Introduction 27
5.2 Details of visit 27
5.3 About Restaurant/Shop 27
5.3.1 Indraprastha 27
5.3.2 Kanti Sweets 28
5.4 Food 28
5.4.1 Dosa 28
5.4.2 Coffee 29
5.4.3 Kaju Katli 30
5.5 Gallery 31
Conclusions 32
Bibliography 33

Page 5 of 33

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Module 1

Plantation and Adaptation of Trees

1.1 Introduction

Tree plantation is the process of transferring of seedlings from one place to another for
different purposes. Furthermore, there are various reasons behind tree plantation but the most
important are forestry, land reclamation, and landscaping. Each process of tree plantation is
important and unique.
The tree is the key to a pollution-free environment for a long time because they are
responsible for providing oxygen, improving the quality of air, climate amelioration,
conserving water, soil preservation, and supporting wildlife. Due to all these reasons, tree
plantation has become necessary in the present scenario as pollution is at a peak. Tree
plantation is the only way to control pollution to some extent.

1.2 Importance of Trees

 Plants have a complete cycle of taking in Carbon dioxide (CO2) and giving out Oxygen.
Co2. Thus planting more trees would help in reducing the amount of CO2 that is present in
the atmosphere.

 The more the number of trees are planted, the cleaner the air will get. Having enough
oxygen and reduced CO2 would make the air clean and free from pollutants.

 Plants also have the ability to naturally filter dirty water. Thus, planting more trees would
not only result in cleaner air, but it would also make the water clean too.

 Temperature has been constantly fluctuating due to a decrease in the number of plants.
Plants can maintain atmospheric temperatures. In hot regions, having more plants would
help regulate the heat.

 Trees and plants are home to many wild creatures. A lot of birds build their nests on trees.
Plants support wildlife. Planting more trees would not only help humans but it will support
the whole biodiversity.

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 Planting trees makes the environment immediately more beautiful. Trees help prevent soil
erosion. They also absorb different pollutants and thus make the air-water and earth
cleaner.
1.3 About Plant

Fig 1.1. Cocos Nucifera

The Cocos nucifera (Coconut) – Fig 1.3.1. is a member of the palm tree family Arecaceae and
the only living species of the genus Cocos. The term "coconut" can refer to the whole coconut
palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut. The name comes from the
old Portuguese word coco, meaning "head" or "skull", after the three indentations on the
coconut shell that resemble facial features. They are ubiquitous in coastal tropical regions and
are a cultural icon of the tropics.
Cocos nucifera is a large palm, growing up to 30 metres (100 feet) tall, with pinnate leaves 4–
6 m (13–20 ft) long, and pinnae 60–90 centimetres (2–3 ft) long; old leaves break away
cleanly, leaving the trunk smooth. On fertile soil, a tall coconut palm tree can yield up to
75 fruits per year, but more often yields less than 30. Given proper care and growing
conditions, coconut palms produce their first fruit in six to ten years, taking 15 to 20 years to
reach peak production.

Traditional areas of coconut cultivation in India are the states of Kerala, Tamil
Nadu, Karnataka, Puducherry, AndhraPradesh, Goa, Maharashtra, Odisha, West-
Bengal and, Gujarat and the islands of Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar. As per 2014–
15 statistics from Coconut Development Board of Government of India, four southern states

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combined account for almost 90% of the total production in the country: Tamil Nadu (33.8%),
Karnataka (25.2%), Kerala (24.0%), and Andhra Pradesh (7.2%). Other states, such as Goa,
Maharashtra, Odisha, West Bengal, and those in the northeast (Tripura and Assam) account for
the remaining productions. Though Kerala has the largest number of coconut trees, in terms of
production per hectare, Tamil Nadu leads all other states. In Tamil
Nadu, Coimbatore and Tirupur regions top the production list. In Goa, the coconut tree has
been reclassified by the government as a palm (rather than a tree), enabling farmers and
developers to clear land with fewer restrictions and without needing permission from the forest
department before cutting a coconut tree.

1.3.1 Benefits of Cocos Nucifera

All parts of the Cocos nucifera are useful. Some are

 Cocos nucifera roots: Cocos nucifera roots are fibrous and are used to weave fabrics,
artifacts, etc. They are also used in Ayurveda for medical purposes.

 Cocos nucifera leaf: Coconut leaf is used as construction material to make roofs. Coconut
leaves are also used in making brooms and toys.

 Cocos nucifera trunk: Coconut trunk is used as fuel and charcoal. Similar in appearance
to Mahogany wood, coconut trees are also used increasingly in making furniture.

 Cocos nucifera fruit: Coconut fruit is used for cooking. We get coconut milk, coconut
water and tender coconut skin from the coconut fruit. When dried, the coconut fruit is used
as Kopra. Coconuts are also used to extract oil, which is preferred widely.

1.4 Plantation steps

We followed the following steps while planting the plant

 Dig a pit as required to place the sapling into it.
 Place the sapling into the pit and cover it with soil.
 Water the sapling.

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1.5 Tools Used

We used many tools for plantation like spade (Fig 1.5.1), watering can, pick-axe

Fig.1.2. Spade Fig.1.3. Pick axe

Fig.1.4. Water Can

1.6 Gallery

Figure 1.5.: During Plantation Figure 1.6. Figure 1.7.

1.7 Conclusion
A typical person consumes about 386 lb of oxygen per year. A healthy tree, say a 32 ft tall ash
tree, can produce about 260 lb of oxygen annually " two trees supply a person’s oxygen needs
each year! Trees make life nicer. It has been shown that spending time among trees and green
spaces reduces the amount of stress that we carry around with us in our daily lives.

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Module 2

Heritage walk and crafts corner

2.1 Introduction to Heritage Sites

A historic site or heritage site is an official location where pieces of political, military, cultural,
or social history have been preserved due to their cultural heritage value. Historic sites are usually
protected by law, and many have been recognized with the official national historic site status. A
historic site may be any building, landscape, site or structure that is of local, regional, or national
significance. Usually this also means the site must be at least 50 years or older.

Fig 2.1.: Bangalore Fort Fig 2.2.: Tipu Sultan’s Summer Palace

2.2 Importance of heritage places

It is said that, "Memory is the treasure house of the mind wherein the monuments thereof are kept
and preserved." Preservation of historical buildings and sites involve maintaining the integrity of
the place through protection and restoration using both old and new materials. Historical places
give glorified pictures of one country. They not only give us idea about the socio-economic state
of the country but also give a vivid idea about the religious and political status.

Historical places not alone for India but to the world are the pictures of the rule, the culture, the
faith of changing times which that particular area underwent with the ages. Historical places are
there to show light on our earlier generations, their way of living, their skills, their knowledge etc.
By studying about them, we can learn about ancient technologies, environmental changes, and
cultural practices. The knowledge gained from these historical places can help us solve modern-
day problems and create a better future for ourselves and future generations.

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2.3 Planning, Execution and Destination

Fig 2.3.: Arrived at Krishna Rajendra Market Metro Station

On 1st April 2023, We had planned to visit Bangalore Fort. So, As per our plan we met each other
at Kengeri Bus Terminal and from there we started our journey towards Krishna Rajendra
Market popularly known as KR Market by Namma Metro as shown in Fig 2.3.1. And once we
reached there, without further delay we got to Bangalore Fort which was at a walkable distance.
And after the security check up we went into the fort which is built in an unusual Oval shape and
walked across the fort watching it’s attractive architecture and the interesting sculptures which
were carved on the walls of the fort.

Fig.2.4.: Name Board Fig.2.5.: Inside Bangalore Fort

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2.4. About Bangalore Fort

2.4.1. History:

The confirmed history of the Bangalore Fort is traced to 1537, when Kempe Gowda 1(Fig-2.4.1),
a chieftain of the Vijayanagara Empire, widely held as the founder of modern Bangalore, built a
mud fort and established the area around it as Bengaluru Pete, his capital.

Fig 2.6.: Kempe Gowda 1 Fig 2.7. : Plan of Bangalore Fort,1792

Kempe Gowda I, who showed remarkable qualities of leadership from childhood, had a grand
vision to build a new city which was further fueled by his visits to Hampi, now
a UNESCO heritage city, the then beautiful capital city of the Vijayanagara Empire. He
persevered with his vision and got permission from the King Achutaraya, the ruler of the empire,
to build a new city for himself. The King gifted 12 hoblis (revenue subdivisions) with an annual
income of 30,000 varahas (gold coins) to Kempe Gowda to meet the expenses of his venture of
building a new city.
Kempe Gowda moved from his ancestral land of Yelahanka to establish his new principality,
having obtained support from King Achutaraya. One version for the site selection process for the
fort and the Bengaluru Pete is that during a hunting expedition along with his Advisor Gidde
Gowda, Kempe Gowda went westward of Yelahanka and reached a village called Shivasamudra
(near Hesaraghatta), some 10 miles (16 km) from Yelahanka where, in a tranquil atmosphere
under a tree, he visualized building of a suitable capital city with a fort, a cantonment, tanks
(water reservoirs), temples and people of all trades and professions. It is also said that an omen of
an uncommon event of a hare chasing away a hunter dog at the place favoured selection of the
place and a dream of goddess Lakshmi (Hindu Goddess of wealth) that prophesied good
indications of the events to happen, further sealed his decision on the place for his capital.
Following this event, on an auspicious day in 1537, he conducted a ground breaking ritual and
festivities by ploughing the land with four pairs of decorated white bulls in four directions, at the
focal point of the junction of Doddapet and Chikkapet, the junction of the present day Avenue
Road and Old Taluk Kacheri Road (OTC).

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Thereafter, he constructed a mud fort (now in the western part of the city), with
a moat surrounding it, and nine large gates. The building of the mud fort is also steeped in a
legend. During the construction of the Fort it was said that the southern gate would collapse no
sooner than it was built and human sacrifice was indicated to ward off the evil spirits. When
Kempe Gowda would not accept human sacrifice, his daughter-in-law, Lakshamma, realising her
father-in-Law's predicament, beheaded herself with a sword at the southern gate in the darkness of
night. Thereafter, the fort was completed without any mishap. In her memory, Kempe Gowda
built a temple in her name in Koramangala. Thus, Kempe Gowda's dream fructified and the
Bengaluru Pete evolved around the Mud fort called the Bangalore Fort.
Later, this mud fort was enlarged during Chikkadeva Raya Wodeyar's rule between 1673 AD –
1704 AD. In 1761, it was renovated by Hyder Ali, who made it strong with stones. A part of the
fort was subject to bombardment by the British when they fought a battle against Tipu Sultan, son
of Hyder Ali. Tipu Sulthan repaired the fort later. Inside the fort, there is temple dedicated to
Lord Ganapathy as in Fig 2.4.3

Fig 2.8. Lord Ganapathy Temple inside Bangalore Fort

2.4.2 Present Status

All that remains of the fort is the Delhi Gate and remnants of two bastions. After they captured the
fort in 1791, the British started dismantling it, a process that continued till the 1930s.. In
November 2012 workers at the neighbouring Bangalore Metro construction site unearthed 2 huge
iron cannons weighing a ton each with cannonballs dating back to the times of Tipu Sultan.
Bangalore Fort was originally about a km in length. Stretching from the Delhi Gate, up to the
present KIMS campus. Within the Bangalore Fort were the present Victoria Hospital, the Kote
Venkataramana Swamy temple, Tipu Sulthan’s Summer Palace, Makkala Koota park, the
armoury in the Bangalore Medical College campus, Fort High School, Fort Church, Minto
Opthalmic Hospital, and the present KIMS hospital and campus (Fig 2.4.4).

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Fig 2.9. : Delhi Gate, The only gate present for Entry and Exit Now

2.5 Tipu Sultan’s Summer Palace

After a short walk from Bangalore Fort, we finally saw Tipu Sultan’s Summer Palace which was
attractive from outside. So without futher delay we bought the tickets online and went inside after
a thorough security check at the entrance.

Fig 2.10.: Name Board Fig 2.11.: View From Entrance

Fig 2.12.: Tipu Sultan’s Summer Palace

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Tipu Sultan's Summer Palace, in Bengaluru, India, is an example of Indo-Islamic architecture

and was the summer residence of the Mysorean ruler Tipu Sultan. Hyder Ali commenced its
construction within the walls of the Bangalore Fort, and it was completed during the reign of Tipu
Sultan in 1791. After Tipu Sultan's death in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, the British
Administration used the palace for its secretariat before moving to Attara Kacheri in 1868. Today
the Archaeological Survey of India maintains the palace, which is located at the center of Old
Bangalore near the Kalasipalya bus stand, as a tourist spot. Entry fee is ₹20 for Indian citizens,
while for foreign visitors is ₹200 (US$2.50).

Fig 2.13.: Group Photo at Tipu Sultan’s Summer Palace

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2.5.1. About Tipu Sultan’s Summer Palace

The structure was built entirely teak and stands adorned with pillars, arches and balconies. It is
believed that Tipu Sultan used to conduct his durbar (court) from the eastern and western
balconies of the upper floor. There are four smaller rooms in the corners of first floor which were
Zenana Quarters. There are beautiful floral motifs embellishing the walls of the palace. The site
also holds a painting of grand throne visualized by Tipu Sultan himself. Coated with gold sheets
and stuck with precious emerald stones, Tipu had vowed never to use it until he completely
defeated the British Army. After Tipu Sultan's death, the British dismantled the throne and
auctioned its parts as it was too expensive for a single person to buy whole.
The rooms in the ground floor have been converted into a small museum showcasing various
achievements of Tipu Sultan and his administration. There are newly done portraits of the people
and places of that time. There is a replica of Tipu's Tiger, which is in the Victoria And Albert
Museum in London. Tipu Sultan's clothes and his crown are present in silver and gold pedestals.
The silver vessels given by a general to Hyder Ali is also displayed. The Horticulture Department,
Government of Karnataka, maintains the area in front of the palace as a garden and lawn.

Fig 2.14., Fig 2.15. : Achievements of Tipu Sultan and his sword kept in the small museum
present in ground floor

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2.6 Conclusion

And now we came to the end of our journey of visiting some historical monuments. We learnt
about the places which we were not aware of so thoroughly, got a chance to witness the brilliant
architectural monuments which gave away some nostalgic feelings, Considering we were walking
on the roads on which many great kings would have walked on, the historical moments those
walls have witnessed.
So, We can surely come to a conclusion that this journey was extremely rewarding and worth
experiencing. We came to know about the rich history our city has in it and has definitely
motivated us to explore more around the city and find some more similar historical places and
also keeps us excited to know more about our significant past through visiting some Historical
places directly rather than reading them from books or surfing through internet as we came to
know that they give us some amazing memories and taught us many new things that we will
remember and cherish for a long time.

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MODULE 3

Organic Farming and Waste Management

3.1 Introduction:
 Organic farming is a method of growing crops and raising livestock without the use of
synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, or genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It focuses on the
use of natural and sustainable farming practices to promote soil health and biodiversity.
 Organic farmers rely on crop rotation, composting, and other
natural methods to maintain soil fertility and manage pests
and diseases. The result is food that is healthier, more
environmentally friendly, and often tastier than conventionally
grown crops. Organic farming is an important component of
sustainable agriculture and plays a key role in protecting the
planet's natural resources.
 Research has shown that organic farming can produce yields
comparable to conventional farming methods, while also
Figure 3.1: Organic farm
providing environmental benefits such as reduced greenhouse
gas emissions, improved water quality, and increased wildlife habitat.
 In addition, organic crops are often higher in nutrients and have lower levels of pesticide
residues than conventionally grown crops.
 The image to the right (figure 3.1) shows a farm which has implemented the organic farming.

3.2 Benefits of Organic Farming:

 Many advantages of organic farming exist for the

environment and for public health. The first benefit
of organic farming is a decrease in the use of
artificial fertilisers and pesticides, which can
damage soil and water resources. Instead, organic
farmers use organic practises like crop rotation,
composting, and biological pest control to manage
pests and illnesses and maintain the health of the
soil.
 Secondly, by protecting natural habitats and Figure 3.2: Some ways to implement
avoiding the use of genetically engineered organic farming
organisms, organic farming fosters biodiversity

(GMOs) and Maintains ecological services like pollination, insect control, and soil fertility.
 Thirdly, compared to conventionally cultivated crops, organic foods frequently contain more
nutrients and less pesticide residues. In order to improve human health and lower the risk of
chronic disease, this is crucial.

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3.3 Challenges of Organic Farming:

 Despite its many benefits, organic farming also faces several challenges. Firstly, organic
farming is often more expensive and labour-intensive than conventional farming methods. This
can make it difficult for small-scale farmers to compete in the global market.
 Secondly, organic farming requires a high level of knowledge and skill to manage soil fertility
and control pests and diseases. This can be a challenge for new or inexperienced farmers.
 Thirdly, organic farming may have lower yields than conventional farming methods,
particularly in the short term. This can make it difficult to meet growing demand for organic
products.

The below mentioned are two graphs with growth of organic agricultural land and organic share
in the world and five countries with largest number of organic producers.

Figure 3.3: comparison of largest number of organic producers

Though with such difficulties as mentioned above, from the above graph we can clearly tell how
INDIA is moving towards organic farming and is one of the largest organic producers among the
world.

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3.4 Benefits of Waste Management:

 Waste management is essential for promoting sustainable development and protecting the
environment. Proper waste management reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills,
which can release harmful chemicals and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Instead, waste
can be recycled, composted, or used as a source of energy.
 Secondly, waste management can create jobs and stimulate economic growth. Recycling and
composting facilities require workers, and waste-to-energy facilities can generate electricity
and heat.
 Thirdly, waste management can promote social responsibility by reducing the negative impacts
of waste on vulnerable communities. For example, recycling can reduce the need for new
landfills, which are often located in low-income or minority communities.

3.5 Challenges of Waste Management:

 Despite its many benefits, waste management also faces several challenges. Firstly, waste
management infrastructure can be expensive to build and maintain. This can make it difficult
for local governments and communities to invest in waste management facilities.
 Secondly, waste management requires a high level of coordination and cooperation between
different stakeholders, including government agencies, waste management companies, and the
public. This can be a challenge in areas with weak governance or limited resources.
 Thirdly, waste management can be difficult to implement in areas with limited resources or
infrastructure. For example, rural areas may lack the necessary infrastructure to support
recycling or waste-to-energy facilities.

3.6 Examples of organic waste management:

3.6.1) BANANA waste management:

Banana is one of the important fruit crops grown in most of the states of India. In India,
approximately 5 lakhs tones of banana trunk are discarded as waste every year, after harvesting.
We can extract fibre from hose trunks which has extensive uses in industries like textile, paper,
and composite materials. Banana fibre is a very good replacement for synthetic fibre. Banana
peels are also used as an ingredient in cooking, water purification, the manufacture of many
biochemical products, and inorganic waste production. Banana peels are sometimes used as
feedstock for livestock, goats, monkeys, poultry, rabbits, fish, zebras, and many other species.
The peel also special fibres which can also be used to manufacture composite materials as a
replacement for fibre glass. For manufacturing mattresses, pillows, and cushions in the furniture
industry. The banana fibre is being used for weaving attractive pieces of clothes, rugs, sarees etc.
Besides, it is also being used to produce a variety of items such as hats, photo frames, trinket
boxes, gift bags, picture frames, handbags, belts, baskets, and sandals etc. We had got an
opportunity to visit a small start up based on banana fibre extraction located in Peenya Industrial
Area. We could see how the waste was collected, processed and how the fibres were extracted
from the Raspador machine as shown in Fig 3.6.1(ii) and Fig 3.6.2(iii).

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Figure 3.4.: Steps in banana fibre extraction

Figure 3.5.: Raspador Machine used for fibre Figure 3.6.: Extracted banana fibres

3.6.2) Sugarcane Waste (bagasse):

Cogeneration is the idea of converting two forms of energy from one fuel. In the sugar industry
from bagasse two forms con- verted are heat and electrical power. The sugar industries utilise
bagasse to generate power and to operate the plant. Here the bagasse serves as a fuel to the Boiler
and this power consumption is known as captive power generation. The so generated power will
be more than the power required for the running of the industry. The remaining excess power can
be fed to the power grid as a power export.

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COGENERATION of ELECTRICTY via SUGARCANE BAGASSE:

Figure 3.7.: Processing of Bagasse for electricity production

There are about 110 Sugar factories in the state. The total cane crushing capacity of these existing
sugar mills in the state is about 3,00,000 tons per day. The bagasse yield is about 50,000 tonnes
per day. This bagasse can support at least 2000 MW of power generation capacity using ordinary
medium pressure boilers and turbo generators. If high pressure boilers and turbo generators are
used, the installed power generation capacity in sugar factories could go up to 3000 MW or even
more. But as things stand today, using medium pressure boilers and turbo generators only, sugar
factories in the state can generate 1800 MW of power.
Till 30.04.2019 the state Government has accorded permission to 85 new and old Sugar factories
to establish cogeneration plants of 2177.65 MW capacity capable of exporting 600 MW to the
state electricity grid. Totally 72 sugar factories and one paper mill have commissioned
cogeneration plants of capacity 1731.16 MW.

Factual info : https://kredl.karnataka.gov.in/newpage/Cogen/en#:~:text=2019%20the%20state

%20Government
%20has,plants%20of%20capacity%201731.16%20MW.

3.7 Conclusion:

Organic farming and waste management are two important practices for promoting sustainable
development and protecting the environment. Organic farming can reduce the use of synthetic
pesticides and fertilizers, promote biodiversity, and improve human health. Waste management
can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, create jobs, and promote social responsibility. However,
both practices face several challenges, including high costs, limited resources, and weak
governance. To overcome these challenges, we need to invest in research, education, and
infrastructure, and promote cooperation and coordination between different stakeholders. By
doing so, we can build a more sustainable and resilient future for all.

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Module 4
Water Conservation

4.1 Introduction:
Water conservation refers to the sustainable management of water resources to meet the
growing demands of human populations while also preserving natural ecosystems. The need
for water conservation is critical in many parts of the world, particularly in areas where
water scarcity is a serious problem. This report aims to provide an overview of water
conservation, its importance, and the various strategies and techniques that can be used to
conserve water.

4.2 Importance of Water Conservation:

Water is a precious resource that is essential for all living organisms on earth. However, the
increasing demand for water due to population growth, urbanization, and industrialization
has led to water scarcity in many parts of the world. Water conservation is essential to
ensure that we have enough water to meet the needs of present and future generations.
It also helps to preserve natural ecosystems, which depend on water for their survival.

4.3 Strategies for Water Conservation:

There are several strategies and techniques that can be used to conserve water. These
include:
4.3.1) Rainwater harvesting: Rainwater harvesting systems can vary from the basic small
ones, like the attachment of a water butt to a rainwater down-pipe, to the complexly
designed large ones like those which collect rainwater from large areas and serve
momentous numbers of properties. When it comes to domestic purposes, these systems are
relevant to both commercial and domestic properties. When collected, rainwater can be used
for garden irrigation, toilet flushing, and even in washing machines.

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Fig 4.1.: Rainwater harvesting.

4.3.2) Greywater recycling: The water used in most building structures is thought of in
terms of clear clean water coming in, and sewage or black water going out. However,
greywater is something that is in between that. In the domestic setting, greywater systems
collect water from sources like baths, hand basins, and showers. This collected water is
reused for washing machines, toilet flushing, and other external usages. The main idea
behind greywater recovery is simply getting the most out of the water through its efficient
reuse.

Fig 4.2.: Greywater recycling

4.3.3) Pressure reducing valves: High water pressures waste a lot of water. Installing water
pressure reducing valves turn out to be one great solution. These valves are can be used in
residential, commercial, and institutional applications to lessen the incoming water pressure
to a lower predetermined level. In this way, it protects the downstream plumbing system
components as well as reduces the water consumption.

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Fig 4.3.: Pressure reducing valves

4.3.4) Efficient irrigation technology: beautiful lawns and gardens demand a significant
amount of water for its maintenance. In addition to indoor fixtures, efficient outdoor
irrigation technologies like smart irrigation controllers can help to save a lot of water. These
controllers can effectively track factors like precipitation or temperature and avoid
overwatering the properties landscaping or plantations. In addition to smart irrigation
controllers, one can save even more by trading out spray sprinklers for drip irrigation. These
sprinkles can deliver water to your plants directly as these can be buried under the lawn.

Fig 4.4.: Irrigation technology

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Fig 4.5.: Awareness Chart

4.5 Need of Water Management:

Water management is crucial for ensuring that this essential resource is used sustainably and
efficiently. The demand for water is increasing due to population growth, industrialization, and
climate change, making it necessary to manage water resources carefully. Effective water
management can help prevent water scarcity, reduce the risk of floods and droughts, and ensure
that everyone has access to safe drinking water. It also plays a critical role in protecting aquatic
ecosystems and supporting agriculture and industry. Therefore, it is essential to implement sound
water management practices to ensure that we can continue to meet our water needs without
compromising future generations' ability to do the same.

4.6 CONCLUSION:

We should understand the importance of water conservation from the fact that now only 1% of
water is left on earth. And if we continue to waste it in this way, all the sources of water can be
exhausted in future. It is also a finite resource. If not managed properly it will result in acute
scarcity in the future. It is also important for all living organisms on Earth. Not only humans but
also animals and plants consume water. In our phenomenal world, water is a magical ingredient
that sustains life. This important resource must be conserved and saved for the future.

Module 5 FOOD
WALK
5.1 Introduction

Food Walk, also known as food tours, is a popular activity for food enthusiasts and travellers who
want to explore new cuisines and local foods. It involves walking through the streets and

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neighbourhoods of a city, visiting various food stops, and tasting different types of food and
beverages. Food Walks offer a unique and immersive experience of the local culture and cuisine.
Food Walks can be self-guided or led by local experts who know the best food spots in the city.
These tours can last from a few hours to a whole day, depending on the destination and the
number of stops. They can be customized to cater to specific dietary requirements or preferences.
Food Walks are gaining popularity all over the world, as they offer a great way to discover new
food and culinary traditions. It's not just about eating; it's also about learning the history and
culture behind the food, and interacting with locals who share their love for food. Food Walks
have a positive impact on local businesses and communities, as they promote small and
independent food vendors, restaurants, and markets. They also create job opportunities for local
food guides and support the local economy.

5.2 Details of Visit

Date: 06 January 2023
Day: Friday
Place: Indraprastha, Kanti Sweets

5.3 About Restaurant / Shop

5.3.1. Indraprastha
Indraprastha restaurant a vegetarian restaurant came into existance with a vision to provide
excellent, qualitative, and authentic food at affordable cost to the food lovers of Bangalore and in
general to all. It is located near Vijayanagar Metro station, Bangalore.
Hotel Indraprastha, a perfect destination in Vijaynagara. With over 3 decades of existence, Hotel
Indraprastha, vijayanagara, still maintains the position of one of the best hotels in Bangalore.

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5.3.2. Kanti Sweets

Kanti Sweets made a humble beginning in 1957 when Pandit Jyoti Swarup Sharma started 'Kanti
Sweet Meat Stall' at Kempegowda circle, Bangalore which was a small 6ft X 6ft counter that still
stands at that spot. He named the store after his brother Shri.Kantiswarup Sharma.

After Panditji's demise in 1973, his son Shri.Rajendra Prasad, the second-generation owner of the
store, decided to take up the family business. Since 2005, the business has been managed as a
family partnership. From one small shop in KG Circle in Gandhinagar in 1957 it has steadily
grown. Currently the total tally of the outlets owned by Kanti Sweets in the city stands at 90.

Fig.5.1.: Hotel Indraprastha Fig.5.2.: Kanti Sweets

5.4. Food
5.4.1 Masala Dosa:
Dosa is referred by the same name in almost all languages like Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, and
Malayalam. Dosa is a fermented crepe or pancake made from rice batter and black lentils. Dosa is
one of the staple dishes of the South Indians especially in southern Indian states like Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala and popular in other countries like Sri Lanka, Malaysia,
and Singapore. Though the masala dosa is famous in different parts of the country the Mysore
Masala Dosa is unique and stands apart. The dosas in other areas are thin and crunchy whereas the
Mysore Masala Dosas is featured by crispness which is brown or red on the outside and spongy
and soft on the inside. The original recipe of the Mysore Masala Dosa as shown in Fig.5.4.1.(ii)
has thick red, garlic-red chili chutney spread on the dosa before it is filled with the potato masala

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Fig.5.3.: Plain Dosa Fig.5.4.: Masala Dosa

5.4.2 COFFEE:

Coffee is a beverage prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and
slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It
has the highest sales in the world market for hot drinks.

Seeds of the Coffea plant's fruits are separated to produce unroasted green coffee beans. The
beans are roasted and then ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before
being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. It is usually served hot, although chilled or iced
coffee is common. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways Sugar, sugar
substitutes, milk, and cream are often used to mask the bitter taste or enhance the flavor.

Fig.5.5.: Filter Coffee Fig.5.6.: Filter Coffee

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Though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions
around the Red Sea. The earliest credible evidence of coffee drinking in the form of the modern
beverage appears in modern-day Yemen from the mid-15th century in Sufi shrines, where coffee
seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to current methods. The Yemenis
procured the coffee beans from the Ethiopian Highlands via coastal Somali intermediaries and
began cultivation. By the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the Middle East and
North Africa, later spreading to Europe. In the 20th century, coffee became a global commodity,
creating different coffee cultures around the world.

5.4.3 Kaju Katli:

Kaju katli (literally "cashew slice"), also known as kaju barfi, is an Indian dessert similar to
a barfi. Kaju means cashew; barfi is often made by thickening milk with sugar and other
ingredients (such as dry fruits and mild spices). Kesar kaju katli includes saffron.

The dish is prepared with cashew nuts soaked in water for a considerable period of time (usually
overnight), which are then ground to a paste. Sugar solution is boiled down until a single thread
forms when two fingers are dipped into it and pulled apart, after which it is added to the ground
cashews. Ghee, saffron (kesar), and dried fruits may also be added. The paste is then spread and
flattened in a shallow, flat-bottomed dish and cut into bite-sized diamond-shaped pieces. The
pieces are usually decorated with edible silver foil. The finished sweet is usually white or yellow
in color depending on the ingredients used for the paste and the proportions of each used. Katli is
traditionally eaten during Diwali

Fig.5.7.: Kaju Katli (also known as Kaju Burfi) Fig.5.8.: Kaju Burfi

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5.5. Gallery

Fig.5.9.: Plain Dosa Fig.5.10.: Coffee

Fig.5.11.: Different kinds of Sweets

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CONCLUSION :
Planting and adopting trees are essential activities that help in creating a sustainable environment.
Adopting a tree is an excellent way to contribute to the environment and create a positive impact
in the community. By following the above steps, individuals can plant and adopt trees
successfully and help in creating a greener and healthier world.
Heritage walks are an essential part of preserving a city's cultural heritage. They provide an
opportunity for people to learn about the history and culture of a place. Heritage walks also offer
several benefits, such as promoting community engagement and economic growth. However,
organizing a heritage walk can be a challenging task. It requires proper planning, research, and
coordination. Nevertheless, the benefits of heritage walks outweigh the challenges, and they are
an excellent way to preserve a city's cultural heritage.
Organic farming and waste management are critical practices for promoting sustainable
agriculture and reducing environmental pollution. Organic farming practices aim to produce
healthy, safe, and environmentally friendly food while waste management aims to reduce
pollution, conserve natural resources, and protect public health. When these practices are
combined, they can work together to promote sustainability, reduce environmental pollution, and
contribute to climate change mitigation. It is, therefore, important to promote organic farming and
waste management practices in agriculture to achieve sustainable development goals.
Water conservation is an essential aspect of sustainable development. It helps to ensure that we
have enough water to meet the needs of present and future generations while also preserving
natural ecosystems. There are several strategies and techniques that can be used to conserve
water, and it is crucial that we all play our part in conserving this precious resource. By working
together, we can ensure that water remains available for all.
Food walks are an essential part of promoting local cuisine and small businesses. They provide an
opportunity for people to try out new dishes and explore the local food culture. Food walks offer
several benefits, such as promoting community engagement and economic growth. It requires
proper planning, research, and coordination. Nevertheless, the benefits of food walks outweigh
the challenges, and they are an excellent way to promote local cuisine and culture.

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