Unit 6

Managing a
Successful
Business Project

Name: Nashwa Shamsu Sherin

Qualification: BTEC Level 4&5 HND in Business
Assessor: Dr. Afseer Majeed
Table of Contents
1. LO-2, LO-3 and LO-4
1.1 Chapter 1- Introduction
1.2 Chapter 2- Review of Literature
1.3 Chapter 3- Research Methodology
1.4 Chapter 4- Findings and Results
1.5 Chapter 5- Conclusions and Recommendations
1.6 Chapter 6- Reflections
2. Reference List
1. LO-2, LO-3 and LO-4
1.1 Chapter 1- Introduction
The airline industry has been steadily growing over the last few years, mainly because of a rise in the demand
for travel and cargo around the world. As a result, the airline industry has significantly contributed to the
development of many regions, promoting both social and economic advancement (Dube and Nhamo, 2020).
The airline industry still contributes significantly to the economy by offering quick transportation of
passengers as well as cargo that includes food, supplies for hospitals, and other necessities. Despite the
sector's crucial role in facilitating the movement of people and goods, evidence suggests that the sector is
susceptible to pressures like economic downturns, natural disasters, political instability, and pandemics (Sadi
and Henderson, 2000). The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the tourism and airline
industries, with many countries closing their borders and imposing travel restrictions to prevent the virus
from spreading (Aref, 2020). The World Travel & Tourism Council estimates that the pandemic cost the
global travel industry $4.5 trillion in losses in 2020, which was a big downgrade for the industry (WTTC,
2020).
This study is important for a variety of reasons. Firstly, according to the World Travel & Tourism Council,
the tourism industry is a large contributor to the global economy, accounting for 10.4% of the global GDP in
2019 and more than 300 million jobs globally (WTTC, 2019). Finding ways to revive this industry is
therefore essential for the economy in a global point of view. Secondly, the pandemic has had a significant
impact on the airline industry, with many airlines reporting a significant decline in revenue as a result of
travel restrictions and a decline in demand for air travel (Sun, Wandelt and Zhang, 2022). Understanding the
nature of this relationship is crucial for airlines and other stakeholders in the travel industry because as the
tourism sector starts to recover, the airline sector is also expected to recover. Thirdly, the study is helpful for
the wider sector because it will shed light on possible strategies and policies that could be implemented to
help in the revival of the tourism sector. Governments, tourism boards, airlines, and other stakeholders in the
travel industry will find this useful as they develop their recovery plans. This study is important and helpful
in understanding the current state of the tourism industry and potential ways for recovery in the post-
pandemic era. The study will offer recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders in the travel industry
and valuable insights into how the airline and tourism industries are interconnected.

1.2 Chapter 2- Review of Literature

Data reveal that the global aviation industry's sensitivity to various catastrophes has been shown by a number
of historical events (Chung, 2015). These included the industry's susceptibility to illnesses and pandemics
like the SARS outbreak in 2003, the avian influenza H5N1 in 2006, and the swine influenza H1N1 pandemic
in 2009. Other crises that affected the aviation sector included the 1973 oil crisis, the Iran-Iraq War in the
early 1980s, the Gulf Crisis in the early 1990s, the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997, the 9/11 terrorist attacks,
and the financial crises of 1998 and 1999 (International Air Transport Association, 2020). Regardless of how
vulnerable the industry is to various shocks, the industry's capacity and resilience to deal with the crisis
remain low in many ways.
The impact of COVID 19 on world passenger traffic evolution can be seen as below:

Source: ICAO Air Transport Reporting Form A and A S plus ICAO estimates.
Passenger Revenue Loss as Shown as Below:

Source: ICAO Estimate

Some European measures for recovery from COVID 19 Pandemic to revive the tourism sector:
EU Member State General Measures Applicable in the Country
Austria Curfew starting at 8 p.m. to
6 a.m. Regional authorities have imposed
further restrictions. (Orîndaru et al., 2021)
Belgium It was necessary to work from home whenever possible.
From 12 am to 5 am, there was a nationwide curfew.
Local governments have the flexibility and power to
modify travel restrictions and non-essential behaviors in
response to changes in the epidemiological situation in
their region. (Orîndaru et al., 2021)
Bulgaria Requirements and recommendations for hygiene and
social distancing were in place. A face mask was
mandatory and a safe distance of 1.5 meters must
always be maintained in all closed public spaces.
Teleworking is preferred when it is feasible. (Orîndaru
et al., 2021)
Croatia Face masks were mandatory in all indoor public areas.
When maintaining a safe social distance is impossible
outside, facial masks were required. (Orîndaru et al.,
2021)
Cyprus There was a curfew in place, and from 11 p.m. to 5
a.m., no one was allowed to walk outside (with some
exceptions). (Orîndaru et al., 2021)
Czechia Individuals arriving from other countries were not
allowed entry (with some exceptions). (Orîndaru et al.,
2021)
Denmark Denmark had a national lockout in place as a result of
the high infection rate. (Orîndaru et al., 2021)
Estonia Shops and general education schools started to partially
reopen on May 3. Customers were allowed to eat on the
terraces of catering establishments during certain hours
and within certain distances. If the epidemiological
situation allows, restriction levels will be reduced even
further. (Orîndaru et al., 2021)
Finland Arriving visitors to Finland were informed of the
country's sanitation and safe distance regulations and
given instructions for downloading the smartphone app
used for this purpose.
(Orîndaru et al., 2021)
(Orîndaru et al., 2021)
Other Recovery Solutions provided by (Assaf and Scuderi, 2020):
 Emphasizing and encouraging, cleaning and sanitizing as a part of the supply. For most tourism
facilities, PPE will be required.
 Companies may need to partially renovate their facilities to comply with new health and safety
standards. Hard flooring, air handling systems, and other features could become the standard in
building plans. For instance, counter shields can be installed at the front desks of hotels.
  Customers' perceptions of safety can be enhanced by decreasing hotel and restaurant occupancy rates.
However, if the government sets restrictions that are much lower than the maximum capacity, this
could hurt business sustainability and increase prices.
 To decrease contact, there may be a gradual shift away from interpersonal interactions and toward
technologies. Examples of this include the use of self-check-in kiosks and bank transfers for
payments.
 Facilities can limit access by mandating that events only have a certain number of attendees. Buffets
and breakfast bars can be replaced by room service in hotels. It is possible to limit activities to only
those that take place outside in an open-air setting.
 Instead of relying on outside parties, hotels can take direct control of their room inventory.
 When outbreaks are more prevalent, some hotels and other tourism businesses may come to
agreements with governmental organizations to offer their facilities to people under quarantine.
 Robotics, artificial intelligence, and automation technologies may eventually assist facilities in
lowering their fixed costs, increasing their liquidity and resilience, and helping to maintain social
distance.
 The perception of risk and traveler confidence will influence how quickly the industry recovers.
According to (Assaf and Scuderi, 2020), tourism will most likely to pre-crisis patterns, and tourists
may place more importance on hygiene when choosing where to stay. (Assaf and Scuderi, 2020)
Role of Government in the Post-Covid Recovery of the Tourism Sector according to (Assaf and
Scuderi, 2020)
 Governments may provide interest-free loans, guaranteed loans, adjustable mortgages, innovative
financing options, and non-refundable subsidies to all tourism and related businesses (such as hotels,
restaurants, cruise lines, and airlines).
 Funding should be made available for promoting tourist destinations (for example, by giving
vouchers to residents to increase demand).
 Lifting or relaxing visa requirements for countries as they recover from the outbreak to increase the
flow of foreign tourists
 Control of potential predatory investors to safeguard businesses that were made vulnerable by the
crisis. (Assaf and Scuderi, 2020)
Post Covid Recovery of the Airline Industry
The aviation sector played an equally significant role as the tourism sector in the global and tourism revival
initiative that lay ahead post-COVID-19 or under the "new normal" with the virus. Governments and private
players contributed several relief and rescue packages totaling US$123,1 billion to the aviation industry as a
result of the pandemic. The relief, which came in a variety of forms, was essential in helping the aviation
sector pay the fixed costs incurred by airlines (Fig 1). However, the government assistance was far too
limited, making up no more than 25% of the previous year's revenue for airlines. About 25% of North
America received aid, 15% of Europe, 10% of Asia-Pacific, 1% of Latin America, and 1% of Africa and the
Middle East. Compared to the cash burn the industry was experiencing, the aid percentage was significantly
lower. (Dube, Nhamo and Chikodzi, 2021)
Figure 1: Types of government aid made available to airlines during COVID-19
Source: Data from IATA 2020
Sustainability is a critical issue that needs the aviation industry's attention on a global scale (Dube and
Nhamo, 2019). It is imperative to ensure customer safety because doing so would encourage people to desire
to travel again. Evidence suggests that most people are less eager to travel due to health and safety concerns
brought on by the pandemic. 25 top airlines are implementing about ten strategies to guarantee the comfort,
health and safety of passengers. According to the (Global Industry Travel News, 2020), the most commonly
implemented strategies and measures are:
 Antiviral electrostatic spraying of cabin surfaces such as overhead bins, seats, air nozzles, light
controls, and tray tables.
 Use of face masks
 Providing traveler care kits with items like face masks, sanitizing wipes, and sanitizing liquid.
 Body temperature checks for passengers prior to boarding
 Restrictions on cabin baggage to reduce congestion and limit movement
 Gate areas and onboard should have hand sanitizer.
 Vacancy of middle seats.
 Protective equipment for the cabin crew
 Disinfectant fogging or spraying
 Spray and wipe to disinfect the cabin. (Global Industry Travel News, 2020)
The literature review discusses the impact of COVID-19 on the global aviation industry and the tourism
sector. While there are no exact studies on the post-COVID-19 revival of the tourism sector and its impact on
the airline industry, there are enough studies on the general impact of COVID-19 on both industries. The
review presents data that reveals the impact of COVID-19 on world passenger traffic evolution and passenger
revenue loss is also shown. The literature review further presents European measures for recovery from the
COVID-19 pandemic to revive the tourism sector, which vary across different EU member states. Overall,
the review highlights the vulnerability of the aviation industry to shocks, and the need for the industry to
develop resilience in dealing with crises.

1.3 Chapter 3- Research Methodology

Research Design: This study will use a descriptive research design. The design is appropriate for this study
because it will provide a comprehensive understanding of the post-COVID-19 revival of the tourism sector
and its impact on the airline industry.
Sampling Method: A non-probability convenient sampling method will be used in this study. The sample will
consist of 41 participants who are adults (18 years and above) and have traveled at least once in the past two
years. The participants will be selected based on their availability and convenience. The sampling method
was chosen because it is cost-effective and time-efficient, given the constraints of the study. The main
benefits of convenience sampling are that it is affordable, effective, time-saving, and easy to implement.
Since the sample is selected based on convenience, the researcher may exclude certain participants (Jager et
al., 2017). Non-probability convenient sampling can also lead to self-selection bias, which occurs when
participants choose to participate in the study based on their characteristics. For example, in this study,
people with strong opinions on the airline and tourism industry may be more likely to participate, leading to
biased results (Gailee, 2020). The researcher can make sure that the sample selection procedure is as random
as possible to minimize sampling bias. For example, in this study, the researcher can choose participants
from various locations, times of day, and days of the week to reduce the risk of bias (Babbie, 2016).
Quantitative data analysis is a good choice for this topic because it allows for the measurement and analysis
of numerical data related to the impact of the pandemic on the tourism and airline industries. Quantitative
data can be analyzed using statistical methods that enable the researcher to make comparisons between
different groups of respondents (Bryman, 2016).
Data Collection: Data will be collected through an online survey questionnaire, conducted through the online
platform ‘Google Forms’. The survey will consist of 24 closed-ended questions 2 Open-ended questions and
to facilitate statistical data analysis. The questionnaire will be divided into three parts. The first part will
collect demographic information such as age, gender and country of residence. The second part will consist
of questions related to the post-COVID-19 revival of the tourism sector and its impact on the airline industry.
The third part will consist of suggestions and recommendations which can be given by the respondents. The
third part is optional.
Data Analysis: The collected data will be analyzed using statistical data analysis techniques. Graphs, Pie
charts and Likert scaling will be used to describe the data.
Ethics: The privacy of participants will be ensured by keeping their personal information confidential. The
participants will be informed about the purpose of the study and their right to withdraw from the study at any
time without penalty. The survey will be voluntary, and participants will not be coerced into participating.
The participants will be asked to provide informed consent before participating in the study. The researcher
will express gratitude to the participants for their time and effort in completing the survey.
The survey questions were developed based on a review of the literature and are presented below:
Section 1- Demographic information:
1. Gender
2. Age Group
3. Which Country do you reside in?
Section 2- Travel behavior and perceptions on the pandemic's Impact on the Tourism and Airline Industries
4. How frequently did you travel by air before the COVID-19 pandemic?
This question aims to gather data on the pre-pandemic travel frequency of respondents, which is important in
assessing the impact of the pandemic on the airline industry. The literature suggests that the pandemic has led
to a significant decline in air travel demand (Ryu & Han, 2021).
5. How frequently do you travel after the COVID-19 pandemic began?
This question aims to collect data on the post-pandemic travel frequency of respondents, which can be used
to gauge the recovery of the airline industry.
6. Post COVID 19, did your travel habits revert to what they were before the pandemic?
This question aims to determine if respondents' travel behavior returned to what they were before the
COVID-19 pandemic. This question helps in understanding the level of recovery of the tourism sector and its
impact on the airline industry. According to a study by Yoo et al. (2021), the pandemic has led to changes in
travel behavior, including a shift towards more domestic and short-haul trips.
7. What is the purpose of your travel most of the time?
This question aims to identify the respondents’ motives for travelling, which can be used to understand the
demand for travel and the types of destinations that respondents are likely to travel to.
8. What factors mainly influence your decision to travel by air?
This question aims to identify the key factors that influence air travel demand among respondents. This
information is useful in developing strategies to promote air travel and revive the tourism sector.
9. How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected your willingness to travel by air?
This question aims to measure the impact of the pandemic on the willingness of respondents to travel by air.
This information is important in understanding the recovery of the airline industry and developing strategies
to promote air travel. According to a study by Wang et al. (2021), the pandemic has led to a decreased
demand in air travel, with safety concerns and government restrictions being the main factors.
10. How likely are you to take a trip by air in the next 12 months?
This question aims to determine the future travel intentions of respondents and their likelihood of using air
travel. This will help in assessing the recovery of the airline industry.
11. Do you agree that the tourism industry has recovered from the pandemic?
This question aims to understand the opinions of respondents regarding the recovery of the tourism industry.
The literature suggests that the recovery of the tourism sector is likely to be slow and uneven, with domestic
and regional travel recovering at a better pace than international travel (Hall, Scott, & Gössling, 2020).
12. How important is the tourism industry to your local economy?
This question aims to see impact of the tourism industry on local economies, which has been significantly
affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies have shown that the tourism industry plays a significant role in
supporting local economies by generating jobs, income, and tax revenue (Becken & Hay, 2020).
13. Do you think government incentives are necessary to help revive the tourism industry?
This question is relevant as many countries are offering government incentives to help revive the tourism
industry post-COVID-19 (Allaberganov et al., 2021). It is important to understand people's perspectives on
the role of government in supporting the tourism industry post-COVID-19.
14. How likely are you to visit tourist destinations internationally in the next 12 months?
This question will help in understanding the potential for recovery of the tourism industry on an international
level. The pandemic has resulted in a decrease in international travel due to restrictions and health concerns
(UNWTO, 2020), and understanding people's likelihood to travel internationally in the near future can help
predict the industry's recovery.
15. Would you travel to a tourist destination with strict COVID 19 rules, regulations and restrictions?
This question is relevant to understanding people's willingness to travel under strict COVID-19 rules, which
can help predict the recovery of the tourism industry in places that have implemented strict measures to
combat the pandemic.
16. Would you travel to a tourist destination with no or very little COVID 19 rules, regulations and
restrictions?
This question is relevant to understanding people's willingness to travel under relaxed COVID-19 rules,
which can help predict the recovery of the tourism industry in places that have less strict measures to combat
the pandemic.
17. How likely are you to take advantage of travel deals or promotions in the next 12 months, given the
ongoing COVID-19 pandemic?
This question aims to see if people are willing to take advantage of travel deals or promotions during the
post-COVID recovery stage of the tourism and airline industry. This question will help in understanding
consumer behavior and how it may impact the industry and its recovery.
18. How likely are you to choose an airline or tourist destination based on their commitment to health and
wellness offerings?
This question relates to the concept of health and safety in the tourism and airline industry post-COVID-19.
Many studies suggest that travelers are now more concerned about health and safety measures when making
travel decisions (Buhalis & Sinarta, 2021; Gursoy et al., 2021).
19. How important do you think the prosperity of the tourism industry is to the airline industry?
This question relates to the relationship between the tourism and airline industries. The two sectors are
interdependent, and the recovery of one industry is likely to benefit the other.
20. How important do you think the prosperity of the airline industry is to the tourism industry?
Similar to the previous question, this question also explores the relationship between the tourism and airline
industries. The recovery of the airline industry is also vital for the recovery of the tourism industry.
21. How important is it to you that the people of the country you are travelling to is vaccinated?
This question aims to understand the respondents’ opinions on travelling to a destination with vaccinated
citizens. Many countries have implemented vaccine passport systems to boost international travel, and
studies suggest that travelers are more likely to visit destinations with a high vaccination rate. (Dube, 2022)
22. Will air flights be your mode of travel in the distant future?
 23. Do you think the actions and measures taken by the airline and tourism industry to encourage travel
during the pandemic prove to be sufficient?
The above two questions relate to the future of the airline and tourism industry and the effectiveness of their
recovery strategies. Studies suggest that the recovery of the airline and tourism industry may take several
years, and the success of their recovery strategies will determine the future of these industries (UNWTO,
2020).
24. Do government interventions help the travel industry, post COVID 19
This question aims to investigate the role of government interventions in the recovery of the tourism and
airline industry. Many studies suggest that government support and interventions are crucial for the recovery
of the industry (Assaf and Scuderi, 2020)
25. Do contactless and online check-in facilities make travel safer?
This question relates to the concept of contactless and online services in the tourism and airline industry post-
COVID-19. Studies suggest that contactless and online services may increase travelers' perception of safety
and reduce their anxiety during the pandemic. The use of technology innovation is said to reduce perceived
health risks in hotels during the COVID-19 pandemic era. According to studies, technology can be used to
improve social distancing and cleanliness in hotels. (Shin and Kang, 2020)
Section 3- Suggestions and Recommendations (Optional)
26. Do you have any additional suggestions as to what measures and actions can be taken by the airline
and tourism industry to drive growth amidst the pandemic?
The question aims to gather open-ended feedback and suggestions on measures that the airline and tourism
industry could take to drive growth amidst the pandemic. Industry experts have recommended various
strategies and measures that could be adopted to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on the industry, and the
feedback gathered from this question could help identify additional effective strategies.

1.4 Chapter 4- Findings and Results

In this chapter, the researcher will present the findings and results of the survey. The researcher will analyze
and interpret the data using statistical methods. The findings and results of this study will contribute to a
better understanding of the post-COVID-19 airline and tourism industry. Following are the questions asked
in the survey and the data collected for each question:
The data above indicates that, out of the 41 participants, 39% (16 participants) identified as female, while
58.5% (24 participants) identified as male.

The data provided above shows that, out of the 41 respondents, 53.7% (22 participants) were under the age
group 25-34, 43.9% (18 participants) were under the age group 18-24, and 2.4% (1 participant) were under
the age group 55 and above.
These findings show that the majority of respondents fall within the younger age groups, with over half of the
sample being between the ages of 25-34, and almost half being between 18-24.
3. Which Country do you reside in?
The data provided indicates the residence of the sample of respondents in the survey. Majority of the
respondents reside in the Middle Eastern country, UAE (65%), 27% of the 41 respondents reside in India, 2%
reside in China and 5% reside in Canada.

The data provided indicates the frequency of air travel by respondents before the COVID-19 pandemic. Out
of the 41 respondents, 53.7% (22 participants) voted for occasionally, 26.8% (11 participants) voted for
frequently, 9.8% (4 participants) voted for rarely, 7.3% (3 participants) voted for Not at All, and 2.4% (1
participant) voted for very frequently.
These findings suggest that the majority of respondents in the sample did not travel by air very frequently
before the pandemic, with more than half indicating that they traveled occasionally.
The data provided indicates the frequency of air travel by respondents after the COVID-19 pandemic began.
Out of the 41 respondents, 36.6% (15 participants) voted for occasionally, 2.4% (1 participant) voted for
frequently, 41.5% (17 participants) voted for rarely, 14.6% (6 participants) voted for Not at All, and 4.9% (2
participants) voted for very frequently.
These findings show that the majority of respondents did not travel by air frequently after the pandemic
began, with the highest percentage indicating that they traveled rarely. This can be the result of travel
restrictions and concerns about safety and health risks associated with air travel in the post-COVID-19 era.
Studies show that travelers are prioritizing safety and flexibility in their travel plans in the wake of the
pandemic (Abdullah et al. 2020). This is consistent with the survey findings, which suggest that many
respondents are traveling less frequently or not at all in order to mitigate potential health risks.

The data above indicates the extent to which respondents' travel habits reverted to what they were before the
COVID-19 pandemic. Out of the 41 respondents, 43.9% (18 participants) voted for 'To some extent', 19.5%
(8 participants) voted for 'to a great extent', 19.5% (8 participants) voted for 'there was no change', 9.8% (4
participants) voted for 'Not at All', and 7.3% (3 participants) voted for 'completely'.
According to the data, majority of respondents reported that their travel habits did not completely revert to
what they were before the pandemic. Many respondents indicated that their travel habits changed to some
extent, while a smaller percentage reported no change or complete reversal to pre-pandemic travel habits.
A study conducted by Sung et al. (2020) found that travelers are likely to prioritize essential travel and local
destinations in the post-COVID-19 era. This is consistent with the survey findings, which suggest that many
respondents have not completely reverted to the travel habits of what they were before the pandemic.

The data provided shows the purpose of travel for respondents most of the time. Out of the 41 participants,
75.6% (31 participants) chose 'Leisure' as the purpose of their travel most of the time. 17.1% (7 participants)
chose 'business', 9.8% (4 participants) chose 'emergency', 7.3% (3 participants) chose 'religious reasons', and
29.3% (12 participants) chose 'other'.
These findings suggest that leisure travel is the most common purpose of travel among the respondents,
followed by business and emergency travel. A study conducted by Isaac and Keijzer (2021), found that
leisure travel is expected to lead the recovery of the tourism industry in the post-COVID-19 era. They
conducted a questionnaire on a population of Dutch people and have concluded that most of the people are
likely to take leisure trips once travel bans and restrictions are lifted. This is consistent with the survey
findings, which indicate that leisure trips are the purpose of travel for most respondents.
The data from the survey indicates that price (58.5%), airline reputation (43.9%), convenience (46.3%),
safety measures in place (39%), and destination (41.5%) are the main factors that influence the decision of
participants to travel by air. The findings suggest that price is the most important factor for the majority of
respondents, followed by airline reputation and convenience.
Fratu (2011) investigated the factors that influence consumer behavior in the tourism industry and found that
price is the most crucial factor influencing European consumers' decision to travel by air. Similarly,
according to a study conducted by Thepchalerm, Ho, and Kongtaveesawas (2021), airline reputation and
safety measures are also significant factors affecting consumer choice of airlines.

The data provided shows that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on people's willingness
to travel by air. 34.1% of the 41 respondents stated that the pandemic had not affected their willingness to
travel by air at all. However, the majority of respondents reported being moderately (26.8%) or slightly
(31.7%) affected by the pandemic in terms of their willingness to travel by air. Only a small percentage
(7.3%) reported being significantly affected.
A study conducted by Hao, Bai, and Sun (2021), investigating the impact of COVID-19 on people's
willingness to travel in China, suggests that the pandemic has had a significant impact on the airline industry
and people's willingness to travel by air Many airlines have reported significant declines in passenger
numbers and revenue since the pandemic started, and there has been a shift towards domestic and short-haul
travel. There were concerns around health and safety, as well as travel restrictions and quarantine measures
which have contributed to a decrease in demand for air travel (UNWTO, 2020).

Based on the data from the survey, 46.3% stated that they are "very likely" to take a trip by air in the next 12
months. 22% said that they are "somewhat likely" to do so, and only 4.9% stated that they are "not very
likely" to travel by air in the next 12 months. The remaining 27.8% of the respondents were either neutral or
not likely to take a trip by air in the next 12 months.
The catchy phrase "revenge travel," which has been actively mentioned to describe the potential phenomenon
of a brief surge in travel once leisure and tourism businesses reopen, has been brought to light in numerous
news reports on COVID-19 (Wray 2020; Ouyang 2020). The survey findings are consistent with a study
conducted by Kim, Seo, and Choi (2022) which found that a significant number of people are eager to travel
by air post-COVID-19, with many planning to take multiple trips within the next year. This could be the
result of gradual lifting of travel restrictions, vaccine rollouts, and the desire to resume pre-pandemic
activities.
Based on the responses, 39% of the participants agreed that the tourism industry has recovered from the
pandemic. However, 14.6% of the participants disagreed and 4.9% strongly disagreed.
Wouters et al. (2021) reveal that, the recovery of the industry would largely depend on the progress of the
pandemic and the rollout of vaccines. Curley, Garber, Krishnan, and Tellez (2020) reported on the long
recovery ahead for corporate travel in an article published by McKinsey & Company. According to their
study, some tourism segments, such as business travel and international tourism, may take longer to recover
than others.

The data shows that 56.1% of the respondents consider the tourism industry to be very important to their
local economy, with 39% considering it somewhat important. This indicates the significance of the tourism
industry in the local economy.
Tourism increases economic revenue, generates jobs, develops a country's infrastructure, and fosters cross-
cultural understanding between tourists and locals. In numerous locations, tourism generates a large number
of jobs. These jobs may be found not only in the tourism sector but also in the agricultural, communication,
health, and educational sectors. Many tourists travel to experience gastronomy, culture, and other aspects of
the host country. Local stores, malls, and restaurants all profit from this (Yehia, 2019)
Another report by the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) titled "Economic Impact of Travel and
Tourism" indicates that in 2019, the travel and tourism sector contributed 10.4% to the global GDP and
supported 319 million jobs, accounting for 1 in 10 jobs worldwide (WTTC, 2020).

Based on the data, 51.2% of the respondents think that government incentives are necessary to help revive
the tourism industry, while 46.3% think they may be helpful but not necessary, and only 2.4% think they are
not necessary.
Government support is critical to the sector's recovery, and measures such as fiscal and monetary policies,
tax relief, and subsidies will be crucial to support tourism businesses and protect jobs. Since mid-March
2020, a number of airlines, airports, and related industries like the tourism industry have lost a large portion
of their revenue, raising concerns about their financial stability and ability to recover their services. Many of
these businesses require direct or indirect government assistance, which could distort domestic and global
competition (Abate, Christidis, and Purwanto, 2020).

The data provided reveals the likelihood of the respondents visiting tourist destinations internationally in the
next 12 months. Out of 41 respondents, the majority (39%) selected 3 on a scale of 1-5 (1 being not likely at
all and 5 being very likely), indicating a neutral likelihood of visiting tourist destinations internationally in
the next 12 months. The other popular choices were 5 and 2, selected by 17.1% of respondents each,
indicating a very likely and not very likely likelihood, respectively.
The recovery of international tourism will be dependent on factors such as vaccine distribution, lifting of
travel restrictions, and restoring traveler confidence. Grooming and health awareness are two major effects of
this health crisis. Travelers will prioritize the cleanliness of airports, public areas, hotels, restaurants, tourist
attractions, and daily necessities as well as accessibility and the quality of service offered by the destination
when planning their next vacation. So, when deciding whether to travel, quality standards and the
effectiveness of the host country's healthcare system are also taken into account. Travel decisions are also
influenced by economic factors. These can be linked to a decline in household income, an increase in saving
tendencies, or uncertain economic prospects (Orîndaru, Popescu, Alexoaei, Căescu, Florescu, and Orzan,
2021). The survey results reflect the uncertainty surrounding these factors and the overall cautious approach
of travelers towards international travel during the pandemic.

The survey data shows that 39% of respondents are undecided about whether they would travel to a tourist
destination with strict COVID-19 rules, regulations, and restrictions. On the other hand, 24.4% said 'no' and
24.4% said 'yes,' indicating a relatively even split on this question. Additionally, 12.2% of respondents were
'not sure.'
Many respondents appear to be undecided about whether they would travel to a destination with strict
COVID-19 rules and regulations, which suggests that health and safety concerns may be a significant factor
in their decision-making. The respondents who said 'no' to this question might want to travel to a tourist
destination with relaxed COVID-19 restrictions to make the most out of their vacation. They might find the
strict rules and regulations relating to the pandemic, as a barrier to utilizing their trip to the most. On the
other hand, the respondents who said ‘yes’ may be health conscious and are willing to travel to a tourist
destination with strict COVID-19 rules and regulations.
Based on the data collected, 43.9% of the respondents indicated that they would be willing to travel to a
tourist destination with no or very little COVID-19 rules, regulations, and restrictions. However, it is
important to note that safety concerns are still prevalent among tourists, and many are cautious about
traveling to destinations with high infection rates.

The data shows that 53.7% of the respondents are neutral about taking advantage of travel deals or
promotions in the next 12 months, while 26.8% (17.1% + 9.7%) are somewhat or not very likely to do so. On
the other hand, 14.6% are very likely to take advantage of travel deals or promotions.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the travel industry and consumer behavior. Many
travelers have become more price-sensitive and are actively seeking travel deals and promotions to save
money (Guttentag, 2020). Kim, Kim, Choi, Shin, and Morrison (2022) investigated the impact of
communication messages on the promotion of international air travel in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.
Their study showed that messages with clear financial benefits were effective at boosting customers'
behavioral intentions and favorable beliefs in message content. However, there are also concerns about the
safety and health risks associated with traveling during the pandemic, which may make some travelers
hesitant to take advantage of travel deals and promotions (Sigala, 2020).
The data shows that out of 41 respondents, 63.4% are somewhat likely or very likely to choose an airline or
tourist destination based on their commitment to health and wellness offerings. Only 4.9% are not very likely
or not likely at all to make this choice.
People are most likely to choose an airline that provides health and safety information and updates regularly
as well as their commitment to health and safety procedures (Nugraha and Amalia, 2021)

The data from the survey indicates that 95.1%, believe that the prosperity of the tourism industry is important
to the airline industry. Specifically, 46.3% of the respondents rated it as 'very important' and 48.8% rated it as
'somewhat important.'
The tourism industry is a key driver of air traffic, with over half of air travelers traveling for tourism
purposes. The demand for air travel is largely influenced by spatially fixed activities, particularly those
involving travel for pleasure, business, visiting friends and family, and other purposes. Both air travel and
tourism have strong cyclical patterns and are extremely sensitive to changes in the environment's economic,
social, and political conditions (Papatheodorou, 2021). The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted the
tourism industry and consequently, the airline industry. The study by Papatheodorou (2021) suggests that the
recovery of the tourism industry is crucial for the revival of the airline industry.
Based on the data, nearly half (48.8%) of the respondents believe that the prosperity of the airline industry is
'very important' to the tourism industry, while 39% believe it is 'somewhat important' and 12.2% believe it is
'not very important'.
The success of the tourism industry is heavily dependent on the availability, accessibility, and affordability of
air transportation. The airline industry plays a crucial role in the tourism industry by providing transportation
for both domestic and international travelers, and also facilitating the movement of goods and services to
support the tourism industry. Aviation connectivity among nations has established a critical foundation for
tourism markets and value chains, with well over half of the world's 1.5 billion tourists traveling by air prior
to the pandemic, generating approximately 900 billion dollars in global GDP each year. 15 of the 17 UN
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) under Agenda 2030 are directly supported by aviation, but it also
indirectly supports them due to its significant effects on tourism growth. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a
significant impact on the airline industry, which in turn has affected the tourism industry. In order to revive
the tourism industry, it is important to also address the challenges faced by the airline industry (ICAO, 2021)

Based on the data, 39% of the 41 respondents said it was "very important", while another 39% said it was
"somewhat important", and 22% said it was "not very important".
According to a study by Dube (2022), vaccine acceptance and confidence in the vaccine rollout are important
factors for the recovery of the tourism industry in the post-COVID-19 era. This is because tourists are more
likely to travel to destinations where they feel safe and protected from the virus, and the vaccination status of
the host country's population is a key factor in this perception of safety. However, the COVID-19 pandemic's
effects appear to have been consistent throughout the world, but global recovery in the wake of the vaccine is
probably going to be uneven. The initial vaccine-induced global tourism recovery appears to benefit the
developed nations that benefited from the hoarding of vaccines at the beginning of the vaccine rollout. The
widespread vaccination program was a significant financial investment that has paid off for many states that
have had some degree of success in this area. Global tourism and economic recovery are being differentiated
as a result of the inequity in vaccine rollout (Dube, 2022)

The data shows that a majority of the respondents, 70.7%, are likely to choose air flights as their mode of
travel in the distant future.
Air travel continues to play a crucial role in the post-COVID-19 world. However, the pandemic has led to
changes in consumer behavior and preferences, which may affect the pace of the airline industry's recovery.

Based on the data, 87.8% of the respondents believe that the actions and measures taken by the airline and
tourism industry to encourage travel during the pandemic have been effective to some extent or to a great
extent. Only 2.4% of the respondents believe that these actions have not been effective at all.
The industries have taken a range of measures to encourage travel during the pandemic. These measures
include increased cleaning and sanitization protocols, contactless technologies, health screenings, and
flexible booking policies (Pillai et al., 2021). A study conducted by Pillai et al., (2021) looks at how
contactless technologies can help ensure customer safety, cleanliness, and hygiene. The study went on to
describe how Hospitality technologies can benefit hotels by helping them build a technological barrier that
allows for physical distancing and providing a competitive edge during pandemic and post-pandemic periods.
The study notes that these measures have been effective in restoring consumer confidence in travel, but the
industry needs to continue to adapt to changing circumstances and consumer preferences.

Based on the data collected, 41.5% of the respondents were neutral towards the question, while an equal
percentage (41.5%) agreed with the statement. 14.6% strongly agreed and only 2.4% disagreed.
Government interventions have played a crucial role in the recovery of the tourism industry post-COVID-19.
Many governments have introduced measures such as stimulus packages, financial support, and policy
reforms to help revive the tourism sector (Assaf and Scuderi, 2020). Such interventions have been effective
in promoting domestic tourism and restoring confidence among international travelers (Abate, Christidis, and
Purwanto, 2020). Therefore, even though a significant proportion of the respondents were neutral towards the
statement, the existing literature supports the idea that government interventions have played a crucial role in
revival of the tourism industry in the post-COVID-19 era.
Based on the data, a majority of the respondents agree that contactless and online check-in facilities make
travel safer. Specifically, 68.3% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed with this statement, while only
4.9% of respondents disagreed or strongly disagreed.
Contactless and online check-in facilities can improve the safety of air travel during the COVID-19
pandemic. Implementing contactless technologies, such as mobile check-in, baggage drop and identity
verification, can reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission at the airport (Shiwakoti et al., 2022). Digital
technology has proven to be one of the most efficient ways to provide contactless services, and it is a part of
airlines' business strategy in response to the pandemic. Passengers are demanding higher standards of
hygiene, and they are expecting airlines to provide adequate preventive measures. A study conducted by Suk
and Kim (2021), looks into touchless technology used by airlines, such as electronic bag tags (EBTs), high-
efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, and so on. Another study developed the idea of "CoviNovation,"
which represented COVID-19-induced innovation activities like using ultraviolet (UV) light to clean the
cabin, touchless processes at airports, and biometric check-in and boarding (Amankwah-Amoah, 2021).
26. For the last question, 'Do you have any additional suggestions as to what measures and actions can
be taken by the airline and tourism industry to drive growth amidst the pandemic?', 1st of the 3
respondents said ' they can try to add more technologically advanced equipment's in order to make
sure the passengers are safe from any kind of illness or spread of the virus'. 2nd of the 3 respondents
said 'Using COVID safety regulations and statistics as a form of marketing to ensure that the country
and the flight are safe'. 3rd of the 3 respondents said 'Wear a mask inside the plane if you're sick'.
Since the data provided is qualitative in nature and does not involve any statistical analysis, it cannot be
compared to the existing literature in the same way as the previous questions. However, the suggestions
provided by the respondents are in line with some of the recommendations made in existing literature.
For instance, one study by Pillai et al., (2021) suggests that airlines can implement new technologies and
adopt innovative measures to ensure passenger safety during the pandemic. The second respondent's
suggestion about using COVID safety regulations and statistics as a form of marketing is also supported by
the same study which suggests that promoting safety measures can help regain trust and confidence of
travelers. Lastly, the third respondent's suggestion about wearing masks is in line with the recommendations
made by the World Health Organization and other health authorities to prevent the spread of COVID-19
(WHO, 2020).

1.5 Chapter 5- Conclusions and Recommendations

Based on the survey findings, it is evident that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the
travel and tourism industry. Despite the challenges faced by the industry, a majority of the respondents still
plan on using air travel as their mode of transportation in the future. The importance of vaccination and
government interventions were also highlighted in the survey, with respondents expressing varying degrees
of importance. Contactless and online check-in facilities were generally perceived as making travel safer.
Respondents also provided suggestions on how the airline and tourism industry can drive growth amidst the
pandemic, including the use of technology and marketing strategies to highlight COVID-19 safety measures.
Below are some potential projects to revive the tourism sector post-COVID along with the airline industry:
1. Marketing campaigns emphasizing safety measures: With the fear of contracting COVID-19, it is
essential to focus on marketing campaigns that assure the safety of tourists. These campaigns should
highlight the measures taken by airlines and tourism operators to ensure the safety of travelers. A
campaign that emphasizes the airline and tourism industry’s response to the pandemic and highlights
 new protocols and measures in place to ensure the safety of travelers may help to rebuild consumer
confidence.
2. Digital transformation: A shift towards digitalization in the airline and tourism industry is a necessary
step in ensuring the revival of the sector post-COVID. The digitalization of travel-related services can
provide a convenient and safer experience for travelers by reducing contact and increasing efficiency.
Introducing digital check-ins, digital payments, virtual tours, and contactless services can be a great
way to improve the overall travel experience.
3. Collaborative marketing: Collaborative marketing is a strategy that involves creating alliances
between different businesses to promote their services or products. Collaborative marketing between
airlines and tourism companies can help to promote domestic and international travel to help rebuild
the tourism sector. For example, airlines and tourism operators can offer discounts for a package of
airline tickets and hotel bookings to attract more travelers.
4. Strengthening local tourism: As international travel restrictions continue to persist, domestic tourism
can be a key factor in the revival of the tourism industry. This can be achieved by strengthening local
tourism by promoting local attractions, encouraging staycations, and investing in tourism
infrastructure in rural and remote areas. This can also help to generate employment and support local
economies.
5. Rebuilding trust and confidence: Rebuilding consumer confidence is critical in reviving the tourism
industry. Tourists need to feel safe and secure while traveling. This can be achieved by developing
standards and guidelines for safe travel and enforcing these standards consistently. Airlines and
tourism companies should prioritize the health and safety of travelers over profit, and this message
should be communicated clearly to the public.
6. Flexible booking policies: Flexible booking policies can help to rebuild consumer confidence by
offering more flexible and accommodating booking options. Airlines and tourism companies can
offer policies that allow customers to change or cancel bookings without penalty in case of
unexpected changes in travel plans or restrictions.
7. Sustainable tourism practices: The tourism industry has an enormous environmental footprint, and it
is essential to adopt sustainable tourism practices. Sustainable tourism can help to attract conscious
travelers and generate positive environmental and social impacts. Airlines and tourism operators can
implement environmentally-friendly practices like reducing carbon emissions, supporting local
communities, and promoting responsible tourism practices.

Project Title: Revival of the tourism sector post-COVID-19 and its impact on the airline
industry.
Stage 1- Initiation
 Scope and objective: To develop a strategy for the revival of the tourism sector post-COVID-19, to
increase revenue and restore consumer confidence in the tourism and airline industries. The goal is to
create a sustainable tourism sector that benefits all stakeholders, including tourists, airlines, and local
communities.
 Stakeholders: The stakeholders include airlines, government agencies, tourism boards, travel
agencies, passengers and tourists. The expectations of the stakeholders are to have a safe and secure
travel experience and to have access to affordable travel options.
 Market trends and the impact of COVID-19: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on the
tourism and airline industry. However, there is a recent increase in demand for travel due to the
easing of travel restrictions and the availability of vaccines.
  Resources and project team: The project team will consist of project managers, analysts, Industry
experts, and stakeholders. The resources required for the project include funding, data, technology,
and marketing resources.

Stage 2: Planning
 The project plan will include the following:
a) Develop a marketing plan to promote safe and sustainable travel practices and marketing campaigns
to attract tourists to the country.
b) Invest in infrastructure to improve the tourism experience.
c) Identify and evaluate potential tourism destinations and airlines according to project objectives.
d) Develop a pricing strategy for airlines that is competitive and affordable for consumers.
e) Implement health and safety protocols that are according to local and national regulations.
f) Put cost-cutting measures for airlines into place; By reducing operational costs, Outsourcing non-core
functions of airlines like IT support, Marketing and Customer Service and, implementing revenue
management strategies.
g) Identify and leverage technology solutions that enhance the travel experience and promote contactless
check-ins in airlines and destinations.
h) Develop a loyalty program for tourists that encourages sustainable tourism practices.

 Deliverables:
A) Marketing plan and campaigns
B) Infrastructure improvement
C) Potential tourism destinations
D) Pricing strategy
E) Health and safety protocols
F) Cost-cutting measures
G) Technology solutions
H) Loyalty programs

 Risks and mitigation strategies: The potential risks include uncertainty of consumer demand,
economic instability, changes in government regulations and increase in COVID-19 cases leading to
panic and hesitancy in consumers. To mitigate these risks, the project team will develop contingency
plans and have regular check-ins to evaluate the effectiveness of the project plan.
 Communication resources and protocols: Resources for communication will include Emails, meetings
and progress reports. The project team will establish communication channels and protocols for
stakeholders to ensure that they are informed about project updates, timelines, and milestones.
 Budget and resources: The project budget and resources will be allocated based on the project plan
and the potential risks.
 Research Methods: Research will be conducted with the help of survey and feedback from passengers
of airlines and tourists. Industry data and reports will also be analyzed.
Work Breakdown Structure
A) Marketing Plan and Campaigns
 Research target market
  Develop messaging and branding
 Identify marketing channels (social media, email marketing, advertising, etc.)
 Create content (graphics, videos, copy, etc.)
 Launch Campaign
 Monitor and evaluate results
B) Infrastructure Improvement
 Identify areas for improvement (airports, transportation, hotels, attractions, etc.)
 Research and evaluate possible solutions
 Develop plans for implementation
 Secure funding and permits
 Hire contractors and oversee construction
 Test and launch new infrastructure
C) Potential Tourism Destinations
 Research potential destinations based on market demand and trends
 Evaluate each destination based on feasibility, infrastructure, safety, and other factors
 Develop partnerships with local tourism boards and businesses
 Develop packages for each destination
 Launch and promote new destinations
D) Pricing Stratgey
 Research market demand and competition
 Develop pricing models for different products and services
 Test pricing strategies
 Launch and monitor pricing strategy
 Adjust pricing as needed based on results
E) Health and Safety Protocols
 Research and stay up to date on public health guidelines and regulations
 Develop protocols for all aspects of the tourism industry (airlines, hotels, attractions, etc.)
 Train staff on protocols
 Communicate protocols to customers and ensure compliance
 Monitor and adjust protocols based on changing circumstances
F) Cost-Cutting Measures
 Identify areas of high costs (e.g. labor, overhead)
 Research and evaluate cost-cutting solutions (e.g. termination of employees, outsourcing, process
improvements)
 Develop plans for implementation
 Monitor and evaluate cost savings
G) Technological solutions
 Identify areas where technology can improve customer experience and efficiency
 Research and evaluate possible solutions
  Develop plans for implementation
 Test and launch new technology solutions
 Train staff and monitor results
H) Loyalty Programs
 Research and evaluate different loyalty program models
 Develop program structure and rewards
 Launch and promote loyalty program
 Monitor and adjust program based on results

Schedule
Week 1-2
Planning
 Identify project objectives,
scope, and stakeholders.
 Develop project plan and
timeline.
 Assign responsibilities and
roles to team members.
Week 3-6 Week 7-10
Research and Analysis Strategy Development
 Conduct market research  Develop marketing plan
to identify potential and campaigns to promote
tourism destinations and tourism destinations and
competitors. airline services.
 Analyze industry trends  Finalize pricing strategy
and consumer behavior to and loyalty programs.
develop pricing strategy.  Develop implementation
 Assess infrastructure plans for health and safety
improvement needs and protocols and cost-cutting
technology solutions. measures.
 Develop health and safety  Identify opportunities for
protocols and cost-cutting technology solutions to
measures. enhance customer
 Identify potential partners experience.
for loyalty programs.

Week 11-20 Week 21-30

Implementation
 Implement infrastructure
improvements and
technology solutions.
 Execute marketing
campaigns and loyalty
programs.
 Implement health and
safety protocols and cost-
cutting measures.
 Monitor progress and
adjust strategies as needed.
Monitoring and Control
 Evaluate project outcomes
and measure success
against objectives.
 Conduct weekly meetings
with the project team to
review progress and
address any issues.
 Provide monthly progress
reports to stakeholders,
including updates on
deliverables.
 Review project budget and
timeline to ensure
completion within the
timeframe.
 Evaluate project outcomes
against objectives at the
 end of each phase and
adjust strategies as
needed.
 Conduct a final evaluation
at the end of the project to
measure success against
objectives and identify
opportunities for future
improvement.

Stage 3- Execution
 Project plan: The project team will execute the project plan and ensure that the deliverables are
completed on time and within budget.
 Project progress: The project team will monitor the project progress and identify any deviations from
the plan. Regular check-ins will be held to ensure that the project is on track, and any issues will be
addressed immediately.
 Collaboration: The project team will collaborate to resolve any issues or challenges that arise during
the project implementation.

Stage 4- Monitoring and Control

 Project performance: The project team will monitor project performance to ensure that it meets the
project objectives. The team will use data and analytics to evaluate the effectiveness of the project
plan and adjust it if necessary.
 Project risks: The project team will monitor project risks and implement mitigation strategies as
required.
 Budget and resources: The project team will ensure that the project is within the allocated budget.

Stage 5- Closure
 Deliverables: The project team will ensure that all deliverables have been completed and accepted by
stakeholders.
 Post-project review: The project team will conduct a post-project review to identify lessons learned
and best practices. The team will use this information to inform future projects and initiatives.
 Final project report: The project team will document the project results

Justification of the choices made in the design of the PMP for completing the aims and
objectives of the project:
The PMP design that was chosen was based on best practices in project management and was particularly
tailored to the goals and objectives of the project. First, the five project phases—initiation, planning,
execution, monitoring and control, and closure—were chosen based on accepted project management best
practices that offer a framework for effectively managing projects. The project was kept organized and on
track with the help of a work breakdown structure and a schedule with clear timeframes and stages for
completion. The work breakdown structure (WBS) was created to divide the project's deliverables and scope
into manageable work packages, making it simpler to manage resources and track development. The project
schedule ensures that the project is finished on time and within budget by setting timelines and stages for
finishing each project phase and deliverable. Risk management strategies and communication resources
helped in mitigating potential issues and keeping stakeholders informed throughout the project. The project's
likelihood of success was also increased by the research methods employed; ensuring that it was informed by
data and consumer insights.

1.6 Chapter 6- Reflections

The study on post-covid revival of the tourism sector and its impact on the airline industry has been an
insightful and enriching experience. Through this research, I aimed to identify and analyze the impact of the
COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism and airline industry and suggest potential projects for their revival. In
this reflection chapter, I will evaluate the success of our research, discuss if I would have modified the
original topic in any way, talk about any surprises during the research, consider if I would do some elements
of the research differently if given a second chance, and summarize the most important lessons I have learned
from this research project.
Overall, I believe that the research has been successful in achieving its objective of analyzing the impact of
the pandemic on the tourism and airline industry and providing potential projects for their revival. I have
analyzed the data collected from primary and secondary sources to identify the challenges faced by the
tourism and airline industry, such as travel restrictions, cancellations, and financial losses. I have also
suggested potential projects for their revival, including digital marketing campaigns, partnerships with local
businesses, and the implementation of contactless technology.
If I had the chance to modify the original topic, I would have focused more on the specific regions or
countries that were most affected by the pandemic. This would have allowed for a more in-depth analysis of
the challenges faced by the tourism and airline industry in those regions and the potential projects that could
be implemented to revive them.
During the research, I encountered several surprises that I had not anticipated. For example, I discovered that
some countries had implemented travel bubbles, allowing citizens from specific countries to travel without
quarantine requirements. This was a potential solution that I had not initially considered. I also found that
some airlines had introduced new seating arrangements to ensure social distancing on flights.
If given a second chance, I would conduct more in-depth interviews with industry experts to gain a better
understanding of their perspectives on the potential projects I have suggested. This would have provided
more comprehensive insights and would have allowed me to refine my suggestions for the revival of the
tourism and airline industry.
Through this research project, I have learned several valuable lessons. Firstly, I have realized the importance
of conducting thorough and comprehensive research before making any recommendations. The tourism and
airline industry are complex, and there are several factors that need to be considered before suggesting
potential projects for their revival. Secondly, I have learned the importance of staying up-to-date with the
latest developments in the industry, such as travel bubbles and new technologies. Finally, I have learned that
collaboration between different stakeholders, such as airlines, local businesses, and government authorities,
is essential for the successful revival of the tourism and airline industry.
In conclusion, the research on post COVID-19 revival of the tourism sector and its impact on the airline
industry has been an enriching experience. It has allowed me to analyze the challenges faced by the industry
and suggest potential projects for their revival. Although there were some surprises and challenges
encountered during the research, I believe that the project has been successful overall, and I have learned
several valuable lessons that will be beneficial for future research.
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