Republic of the Philippines

Cagayan State University

www.csu.edu.ph

Origin and Development of Volleyball

Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
A. acquire knowledge on the history of volleyball;
B. trace the history of volleyball; and
C. identify the evolution of volleyball.

What is Volleyball?

Volleyball is a team sport. Each team consists of six players and the teams are divided on the
court by a net. Three players stand near the net and three near the backline. The objective of
the game is to send the ball regularly over the net to the opposing team in an effort to ground
the ball on their side of the court.

History of Volleyball

In 1895, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young Men’s Christian

Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusettes decided to blend elements
of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes
of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball.
He created the game of Volleyball (at that time called, Mintonette). Morgan
borrowed the net from badminton, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the
floor, just above the average man’s head. During a demonstration game,
Alfred Halstead remarked to Morgan that the players seemed to be volleying
the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps “volleyball” would be a
more descriptive name for the sport. Volleyball was first played indoors, but
it was brought out to the beach sometime in the 1920's. There is some debate
about where the first beach volleyball game was played, but the two most
likely theories are Santa Monica, CA and The Outrigger Canoe Club in
Hawaii. Organized beach tournaments were played as early as 1948, but the
Association of Volleyball Professionals did not emerge until 1983.
Originally, a team could have as few as one player on a side to an unlimited number of players.
The players volleyed the ball back and forth across the net until one team missed and a point
scored. The first team to score 21 was declared winner.
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

Evolution of Volleyball
1895: Creation of the game. It was called “Mintonette” by William G. Morgan.
1896: Professor Alfred T. Halstead, its name was changed to "volley ball". The first exhibition
match of volleyball is played at Springfield College
1900: A special ball was designed for the sport.
1910: It was introduced in the Philippines.
1913: Played by 16 players
1916: In the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck
by another player (the set and spike) were introduced.
1917: The game was changed from 21 to 15 points.
1918: Played by 6 players
1922: Three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.
1934: The approval and recognition of national volleyball referees.
1947: The Federation Internationale De Volleyball (FIVB) was founded in Paris.
1949: World Championship
1964: Volleyball became an Olympic sport.
1990: The World League was created.
1993: FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix
1998: New Scoring System (25 points)
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

The Equipment and Facilities

Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
A. identify the different equipment and facilities used in playing volleyball;
B. differentiate the measurements of the equipment and facilities in volleyball; and
C. recognize the different equipment and facilities in volleyball.

Reading
Sporting equipment, also called sporting goods, has various forms depending on the sport,
but it is essential to complete the sport. The equipment ranges from balls, to nets, and to protective
gear like helmets. Sporting equipment can be used as protective gear or as tool used to help the
athletes play the sport.

Equipment and Facilities in Volleyball

1. The Playing Area

The playing area includes the playing court and the free zone. It shall be rectangular and
symmetrical.
The playing court is a rectangle measuring 18 x 9 m, surrounded by a free zone which is a
minimum of 3 m wide on all sides. The free playing space is the space above the playing area
which is free from any obstructions. The free playing space shall measure a minimum of 7 m in
height from the playing surface.
1.1 Lines in the Court
All lines are 5 cm wide. They must be of a light colour which is different from the colour
of the floor and from any other lines.
Boundary lines. Two side lines and two end lines mark the playing court. Both side lines
and end lines are drawn inside the dimensions of the playing court.
Centre line. The axis of the centre line divides the playing court into two equal courts
measuring 9 x 9 m each; however, the entire width of the line is considered to belong to both courts
equally. This line extends beneath the net from side line to side line.
Attack line. On each court, an attack line, whose rear edge is drawn 3 m back from the axis
of the centre line, marks the front zone.
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

1.2 Zones and Areas

Front zone. On each court the front zone is limited by the axis of the centre line and the
rear edge of the attack line. The front zone is considered to extend beyond the side lines to the end
of the free zone.
Service zone. The service zone is a 9 m wide area behind each end line. It is laterally
limited by two short lines, each 15 cm long, drawn 20 cm behind the end line as an extension of
the side lines. Both short lines are included in the width of the service zone.
Substitution zone. The substitution zone is limited by the extension of both attack lines up
to the scorer's table.
Libero Replacement zone. The Libero Replacement zone is part of the free zone on the
side of the team benches, limited by the extension of the attack line up to the end line.
Warm-up area the warm-up areas, sized approximately 3 x 3 m, are located in both
of the benchside corners, outside the free zone.

1. Center Line 6. Substitution Zone

2. Free Zone 7. Front Zone
3. Side Line 8. Back Zone
4. Attack Line 9. Service Zone
5. End Line 10. Libero Replacement Zone
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

The Net
Placed vertically over the centre line there is a net whose top is set at the height of 2.43 m for
men and 2.24 m for women.
Its height is measured from the centre of the playing court. The net height (over the two side
lines) must be exactly the same and must not exceed the official height by more than 2 cm.
The net is 1 m wide and 9.50 to 10 m long (with 25 to 50 cm on each side of the side bands),
made of 10 cm square black mesh.

The Side Bands

Two white bands are fastened vertically to the net and placed directly above each side line.
They are 5 cm wide and 1 m long and are considered as part of the net.

Antennae
An antenna is a flexible rod, 1.80 m long and 10 mm in diameter, made of fibreglass or similar
material.
An antenna is fastened at the outer edge of each side band. The antennae are placed on opposite
sides of the net.
The top 80 cm of each antenna extends above the net and is marked with 10 cm stripes of
contrasting colour, preferably red and white.
The antennae are considered as part of the net and laterally delimit the crossing space.

The Post
The posts supporting the net are placed at a distance of 0.50-1.00 m outside the side lines. They
are 2.55 m high and preferably adjustable.
The posts are rounded and smooth, fixed to the ground without wires. There shall be no
dangerous or obstructing devices.

The Ball
The ball shall be spherical, made of a flexible leather or synthetic leather case with a bladder
inside, made of rubber or a similar material.
Its colour may be a uniform light colour or a combination of colours.
Synthetic leather material and colour combinations of balls used in international official
competitions should comply with FIVB standards.
Its circumference is 65-67 cm and its weight is 260-280 g.
Its inside pressure shall be 0.30 to 0.325 kg/cm2 (4.26 to 4.61 psi)
All balls used in a match must have the same standards regarding circumference, weight,
pressure, type, color, etc.