Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Unseen passage -1
The innovation of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century revolutionized how
information was spread throughout Europe. Before this revolutionary invention, books were
painstakingly hand-copied by scribes, making them rare and incredibly expensive. However, with the
introduction of the printing press, books could be mass-produced at a relatively low cost, making them
more accessible to the general public.Gutenberg’s printing press utilized movable type, an ingenious
system where individual letters could be arranged, inked, and pressed onto paper. This breakthrough
allowed for the rapid production of books, pamphlets, and other printed materials. As books became
more widely available, European literacy rates increased, and a new era of learning and enlightenment
began.
Questions:-
Q-3.What were books like before the invention of the printing press?
Unseen passage -2
In the heart of the Amazon rainforest lies a hidden paradise known as the Yasuni National Park. This vast
conservation area is home to an incredible array of plant and animal species, many of which are found
nowhere else on Earth. The park’s dense forests are filled with the sounds of chirping birds, howling
monkeys, and buzzing insects, creating a symphony of nature that is both fascinating and awe-
inspiring.Yasuni National Park is a crucial habitat for the rare and elusive jaguar and the colourful poison
dart frog. It is also a sanctuary for countless bird species, including the vibrant scarlet macaw and the
toucan with its oversized beak. Additionally, the park is known for its incredible diversity of plant life,
with towering trees, delicate orchids, and carnivorous plants all playing a role in the intricate web of life
within the forest.
Questions:-
Unseen passage -3
Reading is an excellent source of knowledge and a powerful tool for personal growth. Books open doors
to new worlds, ideas, and perspectives that can expand our knowledge and understanding. Whether it’s
classic literature, self-help books, or poetry, reading allows us to explore different experiences and
emotions that can enrich our lives.Reading has numerous benefits for our mental and emotional well-
being. It stimulates our brain, improves focus and concentration, and enhances our critical thinking
skills. Moreover, reading can be a form of escapism, providing a healthy distraction from daily stressors
as we immerse ourselves in captivating stories and characters.
Questions:-
Unseen passage -4
Life is full of challenges that test our strength and resilience. These challenges can come in various
forms, such as personal setbacks, professional obstacles, or unexpected crises. However, how we
respond to these challenges genuinely determines our character and success.One of the critical
characteristics of overcoming challenges is having a positive mindset. Instead of seeing obstacles as
threats or roadblocks, individuals with a positive mindset perceive them as opportunities for growth and
learning. They embrace challenges as a chance to push their limits and develop new skills. Additionally,
having a support system of friends, family, or mentors can provide the necessary encouragement and
guidance to face difficulties head-on.
Questions:-
Water conservation is necessary to protect our planet’s valuable water resources. With the growing
global population and increasing demands for water, individuals must take steps to conserve water
daily. Conserving water not only helps to ensure there is enough water for everyone but also conserves
energy, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and saves money.Simple actions like fixing leaky faucets and
using water-efficient devices can make a significant difference. Additionally, reducing water usage in
landscaping and garden irrigation can significantly contribute to water conservation efforts. Every
individual’s effort to conserve water can positively impact the environment and the sustainability of our
water sources.
Questions:-
Q-3.What are some simple actions individuals can take to conserve water?
Q-4.How can landscaping and garden irrigation contribute to water conservation efforts?
Unseen passage -6
Regular exercise is important for maintaining good physical and mental health. It has numerous benefits,
including strengthening muscles, improving cardiovascular health, and enhancing cognitive function.
Engaging in physical activity regularly helps reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, heart
disease, and diabetes. Exercise also releases endorphins, natural mood boosters that help alleviate
stress and anxiety. Additionally, incorporating exercise into one’s daily routine promotes better sleep
patterns, increases energy levels, and improves overall quality of life.
Questions:-
Unseen passage – 7
The Industrial Revolution, which started in the mid-18th century, transformed the manufacturing
industry and ushered in an era of significant technological advancements. The revolution began in
Britain and quickly spread to other countries in Europe and North America. One of the key innovations
was the steam engine, which revolutionized transportation and powered machinery in
factories.Traditional industries like textiles, iron, and coal mining significantly grew during this period. As
urban areas expanded and factories multiplied, the working conditions for labourers became harsh,
leading to the emergence of labour movements and the fight for workers’ rights.
Questions:-
Unseen passage – 8
The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world, spanning across several countries in northern
Africa. The desert, with over 9 million square kilometres, is characterized by its vast stretches of dunes,
rocky plateaus, and occasional oases. Due to the extreme heat and arid conditions, the Sahara remains
sparsely populated, with only a few wandering tribes inhabiting the region.The desert experiences
scorching temperatures during the day, often exceeding 50 degrees Celsius, while the nights can be
freezing. Despite its challenges, the Sahara is a rich reservoir of natural resources, including oil, natural
gas, and minerals
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Unseen passage -9
The polar bear is a large white bear in the Arctic region. It is the world’s largest land predator. Polar
bears have adaptations to survive in freezing temperatures and icy waters. They have a thick layer of fat
that keeps them warm and aids in buoyancy while swimming. Their white fur helps camouflage them in
the snowy environment. The paws of a polar bear are specially designed with large, sharp claws that
allow them to walk on slippery ice.They are excellent swimmers and can swim long distances without
getting tired. Polar bears primarily feed on seals and sometimes hunt whales. Climate change and
melting ice caps threaten their habitat and survival.
Questions:
In ancient times, people used camels as a means of transportation in deserts. Camels are well-suited for
desert travel because they can store food and water for long periods. They can go for several days
without drinking water and survive in extreme temperatures. Their humps store fat, which can be
converted into energy during these periods.Additionally, they have long legs that enable them to walk
easily on sandy terrains. Camels also have thick eyelashes and nostrils that can be closed to prevent
sand from entering. These features protect them from the harsh desert environment. Despite being
slow, camels are reliable transportation companions in deserts.
Questions:-
Unseen passage - 11
Steve loves to explore nature and often goes on long hikes in the wilderness. He finds peace and
tranquillity in the sounds of birds chirping and leaves rustling in the wind. Steve is particularly fascinated
by different species of trees and enjoys identifying them on his hikes. He carries a field guide with him
and studies the unique features of each tree he encounters. Steve believes spending time in nature
helps him connect with the environment and appreciate its beauty.
Questions:
What does Steve love to do in nature?
What does Steve believe spending time in nature helps him do?
Unseen passage - 12
Emily is an avid reader who spends most of her free time engrossed in books. Her favourite genre is
science fiction, as she enjoys exploring imaginative worlds and futuristic technology. Emily believes that
reading broadens her horizons and allows her to escape into new and exciting adventures. She has a
diverse collection of books, from classics to contemporary novels. Emily finds comfort in the written
word and cherishes how books transport her to different times and places.
Questions:
John is a talented musician practising his craft for many years. He spends hours each day playing the
piano and composing beautiful melodies. Despite his dedication, John often needs to be more relaxed
when performing in front of an audience. John knows that stage fright is a common issue among
performers, but he struggles to overcome it. He has tried techniques such as deep breathing exercises
and visualization, but nothing seems to relieve his anxiety fully. Despite his nerves, John still loves
sharing his music with others and hopes to conquer his stage fright one day.
Questions:
What are some techniques John has tried to overcome his anxiety?
The rise of social media has had a significant impact on society. It has revolutionized the way people
communicate and interact with each other. Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and
Instagram have become a daily part of many people’s lives. People use them to connect with friends and
family, share updates and photos, and stay informed about current events. However, social media also
has its downsides. It can be addictive and can contribute to feelings of loneliness and depression.
Additionally, it can be a breeding ground for cyberbullying and spreading false information.
Questions:
Unseen passage - 15
Climate change is a pressing global issue that requires immediate action. The Earth’s climate is
undergoing significant changes due to human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels and
deforestation. These activities release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, causing the planet to
warm. The consequences of climate change are far-reaching and include rising sea levels, extreme
weather events, and biodiversity loss.Addressing climate change requires individual and collective
efforts, such as reducing carbon emissions, adopting renewable energy sources, and protecting natural
habitats.
Questions:
Unseen passage – 16
The internet has radically transformed the way we access information and conduct business. It
has made the world smaller, connecting people from around the globe. With a few clicks, we
can access vast knowledge, shop online, and connect with others. However, the internet also
poses risks.Online privacy has become a concern, as personal information can be easily accessed
and misused. Cybercrimes, such as hacking and identity theft, have also increased with the rise
of the internet. It is crucial to be cautious and take safety measures online to protect ourselves
from these potential threats.
Questions:
How has the internet changed the way we access information?
A giant in stature, with long hair, wearing a bottle green fur lined overcoat and round seal skin cap on his
head, Oscar Wilde arrived in New York on 2nd of January 1882 on a lecture tour. He was mobbed by
reporters who asked him (much to his irritation) unimportant questions such as how he liked his eggs
fried? How he trimmed his finger nails? And what temperature he preferred his bath to be? His answers
showed a total lack of interest.
However, when he stepped ashore, the customs official asked, “Have you anything to declare?” and with
customary style. Wilde replied, “No, I have nothing to declare (pause) except my genius.” Few remarks
in history have travelled as widely and as quickly as that one.
Mention two details of Oscar’s physical appearance when he came to New York?
Oscar Wilde was not interested in answering the questions of reporters. Why?
What does Oscar Wilde’s answer to the custom officer’s questions show?
Unseen passage – 18
Eskimos live in the polar areas. They are not usually tall but they have powerful legs and
shoulders. They have a common language and can understand members of another group
although they may come from many thousands of miles away. Marriage is by mutual consent.
They do not have a special marriage ceremony. Eskimos live by hunting and fishing. The Eskimo
snow house, which is called igloo, is very well-known, but in fact, Eskimos usually live in houses
made of wood and turf. When they are not hunting and working, Eskimos like to carve. They use
ivory and wood and they often make very beautiful objects.
Hardly any Indian politician would be ignorant of Bal Thackeray. Bal Thackeray’s full name was
Bal Keshav Thackeray and he was a great politician in the 20th century.He was born on 23
January 1926 and died on 17 November 2012.The people who believed in Balasaheb Thackeray
called him Hindu Hriday Samrat.He started his life as a cartoonist. Gradually, he emerged in the
politics of Maharashtra. He always remained in the limelight due to his staunch Hindutva
speech.He founded an organization called Shiv Sena in 1966. It failed in the initial phase but
after a few years, it came into the limelight.When he died, lakhs of people gathered at his
funeral.
Questions –
Unseen passage – 20
Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India. When India was ruled by the British, its name
was United Provinces.Some of the main cities in the state of Uttar Pradesh are Lucknow, Kanpur,
Varanasi, Agra, Azamgarh, Muzaffarnagar, Ayodhya, etc. Apart from this, Ganga, Yamuna,
Chambal, and Gomti are the famous rivers of this state.Uttar Pradesh is located in the north of
India. It touches the border of Nepal, so Nepalis also live here.It’s famous for Hinduism as
Mathura and Ayodhya are the birthplaces of Lord Shri Krishna and Rama respectively. Its history
is about 4,000 years old. Some decades ago, this state was ruled by the Mughals.
Questions –
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