Module-5

Waste Management
Meaning:

Waste management involves systematic planning, organization, and control of activities related to the
generation, collection, transportation, disposal, and recycling of waste materials. The primary aim is
to minimize environmental impact while efficiently handling various types of waste.

Objectives:

1. Environmental Preservation: Minimize the ecological footprint and prevent pollution.

2. Resource Recovery: Promote the extraction of valuable resources from waste through recycling
and reusing.

3. Public Health and Safety: Prevent the spread of diseases and protect human health by proper waste
disposal.

4. Compliance: Ensure adherence to regulations and standards governing waste management.

5. Cost Efficiency: Optimize resource allocation and reduce overall waste management costs.

Types of Maintenance:

1. Preventive Maintenance: Scheduled inspections and actions to prevent equipment failure and
maintain optimal performance.

2. Corrective Maintenance: Addressing issues after they occur, aiming to restore equipment to its
normal functioning.

3. Predictive Maintenance: Using data and analytics to predict equipment failures, allowing for
proactive interventions.

4. Proactive Maintenance: A comprehensive approach that combines preventive and predictive

strategies for optimal asset management.

BREAKDOWN:

Breakdown in waste management refers to unexpected failures or disruptions in the waste disposal
system, leading to interruptions in service. It underscores the importance of robust maintenance
practices to minimize downtime and ensure continuous waste processing.

Spares Planning and Control:

Efficient spares planning involves:

1. Inventory Management: Maintaining an adequate stock of critical spare parts to address

breakdowns promptly.

2. Lifecycle Planning: Understanding the lifespan of components and planning for replacements.

3. Supplier Relationships: Establishing reliable relationships with suppliers for timely spares
procurement.

4. Cost Optimization: Balancing the cost of maintaining spares with the risk of downtime to achieve
an optimal solution.
Preventive Routine

Preventive maintenance is a proactive approach aimed at preventing equipment failures and ensuring
smooth operations. It involves scheduled inspections, repairs, and replacements to keep equipment
in optimal condition.

Relative Advantages:

1. Cost Savings: Preventive maintenance helps avoid costly repairs by addressing issues before they
escalate.

2. Increased Equipment Lifespan: Regular maintenance extends the lifespan of equipment, reducing
the need for frequent replacements.

3. Enhanced Safety: By identifying and fixing potential hazards early on, preventive maintenance
contributes to a safer working environment.

4. Improved Efficiency: Well-maintained equipment operates more efficiently, leading to increased

productivity and reduced downtime.

Maintenance Scheduling:

1. Frequency: Determine how often maintenance tasks should occur based on equipment type, usage,
and manufacturer recommendations.

2. Planning: Develop a comprehensive maintenance schedule, considering both operational needs

and potential downtime impact.

3. Prioritization: Prioritize tasks based on criticality and potential consequences of equipment failure.

4. Documentation: Maintain detailed records of past maintenance activities to track performance and
identify patterns.

EQUIPMENT RELIABILITY:

1. Monitoring: Implement continuous monitoring systems to detect early signs of wear, malfunctions,
or deviations from normal operation.

2. Training: Ensure that maintenance personnel are well-trained in equipment handling,

troubleshooting, and adherence to safety protocols.

3. Feedback Loops: Establish feedback mechanisms for operators to report abnormalities, facilitating
quick response to emerging issues.

4. Root Cause Analysis: Conduct thorough investigations into any failures to identify underlying issues
and implement corrective measures.
Modern Scientific Maintenance Methods

Modern scientific maintenance methods leverage advanced technologies and data-driven approaches
to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of maintenance practices. Key elements include:

1. Predictive Maintenance:
Utilizes sensors and data analytics to predict equipment failures before they occur.
Enables proactive maintenance based on real-time performance data and trends.
Reduces downtime and extends the lifespan of equipment.
2. Condition Monitoring:
Involves continuous monitoring of equipment conditions using sensors and IoT devices.
Provides real-time insights into the health of machinery, allowing for timely interventions.
Enhances decision-making by analysing data on vibrations, temperature, and other parameters.
3. Reliability Centred Maintenance (RCM):
Focuses on identifying critical components and failure modes to optimize maintenance strategies.
Prioritizes resources based on the impact of failures on safety, production, and costs.
Balances preventive, predictive, and corrective maintenance approaches.
4. Computerized Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS):
Integrates maintenance activities into a centralized software system.
Streamlines work order management, inventory control, and asset tracking.
Facilitates data-driven decision-making and historical analysis.
5. Augmented Reality (AR) Maintenance:
Incorporates AR technology to provide technicians with real-time information and visual guides.
Assists in troubleshooting, repairs, and maintenance tasks, improving accuracy and efficiency.
Reduces training time and enhances collaboration among maintenance teams.
6. Big Data Analytics:
Analyses large datasets to identify patterns, correlations, and anomalies.
Predicts equipment failures, optimizes maintenance schedules, and improves overall system
performance. Enables data-driven decision-making for continuous improvement.
7. Robotics and Drones:
Utilizes robots for routine inspections and maintenance tasks in hazardous or hard-to-reach areas.
Drones provide aerial inspections, reducing the need for manual inspections in large facilities.
Enhances safety and efficiency while minimizing human intervention.

Modern scientific maintenance methods align with Industry 4.0 principles, integrating advanced
technologies to create smarter, more efficient, and sustainable maintenance practices. These
approaches contribute to improved reliability, reduced costs, and enhanced overall asset
management.
Scrap Management:

Effective scrap management involves the identification and responsible disposal of materials deemed
obsolete or unusable. By implementing efficient scrap handling procedures, we not only declutter our
operational spaces but also minimize the environmental impact associated with improper disposal
methods.

Surplus Disposals:

Surplus disposals address excess inventory or equipment no longer needed for current operations.
Whether through selling, donating, or redistributing surplus items, organizations can optimize
resource utilization, reduce storage costs, and potentially generate additional revenue.

Salvage Operations:

Salvage operations focus on recovering value from damaged or decommissioned assets. By reclaiming
usable components and materials, salvage not only minimizes waste but also aligns with sustainable
practices, contributing to the efficient use of resources and reducing reliance on new raw materials.

Recovery Processes:

The concept of recovery extends to extracting value from waste streams through technologies like
recycling, reprocessing, and energy recovery. By embracing these processes, we move towards a
circular economy, closing the loop on material use and minimizing the environmental impact
associated with conventional waste disposal.