MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL

EDUCATION
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, JALGAON (0018)
Program Name and Code : Electronics and Telecommunication (EJ2K)
Course Name and Code : ELECTRONICS MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS (DTE: 312316)
Academic Year : 2023-24
Semester : SECOND

A MICRO PROJECT ON
Specification sheet/chart of IC555

Submitted in 2024 by the group of Electronics and

Telecommunication students

SR ROLL NAME ENROLLMENT SEAT NO

NO NO NO
1 24 Diksha Mahesh Dusane 23640220444 378373
2 25 Hemangi Surendra Fegade 23640220445 378374
3 33 Komal Sanjivan Jangle 23640220453 378382
4 35 Harshada Brijlal Kandelkar 23640220455 378384
5 41 Prerna Pramod Mistri 23640220461 378390

Project Guided by
Prof. P. D. Deshpande

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION
Certificate
This is to certify that Miss.DMD,HSF,KSJ,HBK,PPM .Roll no.24,25,33,35,41 of
Second Semester of Diploma in Electronics and Telecommunication
Engineering of, Government Polytechnic, Jalgaon (Code:0018) has completed
the Micro Project satisfactorily in the Subject –EMC(312316)For the Academic
Year 2023- 2024 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Jalgaon Enrollment No: 23640220444,45,53,55,61

Date:

Subject Teacher Head Of Department Principal

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 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, JALGAON (0018)

-SUBMISSION-
NAME: DMD,HSF,KSJ,HBK,PPM
Roll No: 24,25,33,35,41
Seat No:378373,74,82,84,90
As a students of a Second Sem. /1 Year of the Programme
Electronics and Telecommunication (EJ) humbly submit that I have completed
from time to time the Practical/Micro-Project work as described in this report
by my own skills . As per instructions/guidance of Prof.P.D.Deshpand And
that following students were associated with me for this work however,
quantum of my contribution has been approved by the Lecturer. And that I
have not copied the report on its any appreciable part from any other
literature in contravention of the academic ethics

Date: Sign of Student:

Signature of Teacher
Prof.P.D.Deshpande

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In this world of competition there is a race of existence in which those are

having
will to come forward succeed. Project is like a bridge between theoretical and
practical working. With this willing I joined this particular project. First of all, I
would thank to Almighty of God who is obviously the one has always guided
me
to work on the right of path of life. Secondly, I would like to thank
Prof.P.D.Deshpande who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful
project of EMC(312316) Who also helped in completing my project. I came to
know about so many new things I am really thankful to her.
I would also like to thank my parents and my friends who helped me a lot in
finalizing this project within the limited time frame.

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 Index

Sr. Content Pg No.

No.
1 Introduction

2 History

3 Working

4 Types Of IC555

5 Circuit Diagram

6 Specifications Of IC555

7 Data Sheets Of IC555

8 Advantages & Disadvantages

9 Applications

10 Conclusion

11 Reference

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  INTRODUCTION

The IC555, also known as the 555 timer IC, is a versatile integrated circuit widely used in
electronics for generating accurate timing pulses, oscillations, and time delays. It was
introduced by Signetics (now part of Texas Instruments) in 1972. The 555 timer IC contains
comparators, voltage reference, a flip-flop, and a discharge transistor configured to perform
various timing functions. It can operate in three main modes: monostable (one-shot),
astable (oscillator), and bistable (flip-flop). Its simplicity, low cost, and ease of use have
made it a fundamental component in a wide range of electronic circuits, from timers and
oscillators to LED flashers and pulse generators. The 555 timer IC is an integrated
circuit used in a variety of timer, delay, pulse generation, and oscillator applications.
It is one of the most popular timing ICs due to its flexibility and price. Derivatives
provide two (556) or four (558) timing circuits in one package.[2] The design was first
marketed in 1972 by Signetics[3][4] and used bipolar junction transistors. Since then,
numerous companies have made the original timers and later similar low-
power CMOS timers. In 2017, it was said that over a billion 555 timers are produced
annually by some estimates, and that the design was "probably the most popular
integrated circuit ever made".

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  HISTORY

The history of the IC555 timer dates back to the early 1970s when it was introduced
by Signetics Corporation, which is now part of Texas Instruments. The IC555 was
designed by Hans R. Camenzind, a Swiss-American engineer, who created the
circuit while working for Signetics. Released in 1972, the 555 timer IC quickly gained
popularity due to its versatility and ease of use in various electronic applications.
Originally envisioned for timing applications in electronic systems, the 555 timer's
simple design and flexibility led to its widespread adoption in hobbyist projects,
educational settings, and commercial products.Over the decades, the 555 timer has
remained a staple component in the field of electronics, finding applications in timing
circuits, pulse generators, oscillators, LED flashers, and many other areas. Its
enduring popularity can be attributed to its reliability, affordability, and simplicity,
making it accessible to both beginners and experienced engineers alike. After the
design was updated and considered without errors, Signetics proceeded to
design the layout. Later, Camenzind had the idea of using a direct resistor
instead of a constant current source. The change reduced the required 9 pins to
8 so that the IC could be inserted into an 8-pin package instead of a 14-pin
package. The 555 timer was manufactured by 12 companies in 1972 and has
become a best-selling product.

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  WORKING

The IC555, or 555 timer IC, works based on its internal architecture, which includes
comparators, a voltage reference, a flip-flop, and a discharge transistor. It operates
in three main modes: monostable, astable, and bistable.
1. Monostable Mode (One-Shot): In this mode, the 555 timer generates a single
output pulse of a specified duration when triggered. When triggered, the output of the
timer goes high for a set period, determined by external resistors and capacitors
connected to the IC.
2. Astable Mode (Oscillator): In astable mode, the 555 timer operates as an
oscillator, producing a continuous square wave output. It alternates between high
and low states continuously, with the frequency of the oscillation determined by
external resistors and capacitors.
3. Bistable Mode (Flip-Flop): Bistable mode allows the 555 timer to function as a
flip-flop, toggling its output state between high and low with each trigger input. It
remains in the triggered state until another trigger pulse is received. The working
principle of the 555 timer involves the charging and discharging of an external
capacitor based on the voltage levels at certain internal nodes. The voltage across
the capacitor determines the output state of the timer, which is compared to internal
reference voltages. When certain threshold voltages are reached, internal circuitry
changes the output state accordingly.

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In summary, the 555 timer IC works by utilizing its internal components to generate
precise timing pulses or oscillations based on external resistor and capacitor values,
making it a versatile and widely used component in electronics.

TYPES OF IC555

Common IC (integrated circuit) packaging types include:

1. Dual In-line Package (DIP): This is one of the oldest and most
traditional packaging types. The IC's pins are arranged in two parallel
rows, making it easy to insert into a socket or solder onto a PCB (printed
circuit board).

2. Quad Flat Package (QFP): QFP features a square or rectangular

package with pins arranged on all four sides. It provides a high pin count
in a relatively small footprint, making it suitable for densely packed PCB
designs.

3. Small Outline Integrated Circuit (SOIC): SOIC is similar to DIP but with
a smaller footprint. It has two rows of pins like DIP but is surface-
mounted, allowing for higher density on the PCB.

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4. Thin Small Outline Package (TSOP): TSOP is a type of surface-mount
package with very thin body thickness. It's commonly used in memory
chips and other applications where space is a constraint.

5. Ball Grid Array (BGA): In BGA packages, the IC's connections are made
via an array of solder balls on the bottom surface of the package. This
allows for a high pin count in a compact form factor and offers better
thermal performance.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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  SPECIFICATION OF IC555

Here are the basic specifications for the LM555 timer IC:
1. *Supply Voltage (Vcc):* Typically operates from 4.5V to 15V.

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2. *Operating Temperature Range:* -55°C to +125°C.
3. *Output Current:* Can source or sink up to 200mA of current.
4. *Output Voltage:* The output voltage swings from close to Vcc (when low)
to near ground (when high).
5. *Threshold Voltage (Vth):* Typically 2/3 of Vcc.
6. *Trigger Voltage (Vtrig):* Typically 1/3 of Vcc.
7. *Timing Accuracy:* Can vary based on external component tolerances but
typically within 1-2%.
8. *Power Dissipation (Pd):* Depends on the package type (e.g., DIP, SOIC) and
thermal characteristics but generally ranges from a few hundred milliwatts to a
few watts.
9. *Input Current (Icc):* Low input current when not active, typically in the
microampere range.
10. *Package Types:* Available in various package types including DIP (Dual In-
line Package), SOIC (Small Outline Integrated Circuit), and others.

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 DATA SHEET OF IC555

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  ADVANTAGES
The LM555 timer IC offers several advantages, making it a popular choice in
electronic circuits:
1. Versatility: The LM555 can be configured to operate in multiple modes, including
monostable, astable, and bistable, making it suitable for a wide range of timing and pulse
generation applications.
2. Ease of Use: It features a simple external circuitry with only a few external
components required to set timing parameters, making it easy to implement even for
beginners in electronics.
3. Wide Supply Voltage Range: The LM555 can operate over a wide range of supply
voltages, typically from 4.5V to 15V, making it suitable for use in various power supply
configurations.
4. High Output Current: It can source or sink relatively high output currents, up to 200mA,
allowing it to directly

 DISADVANTAGES
While the LM555 timer IC offers many advantages, it also has some
disadvantages:
1. Limited Frequency Range: The LM555 timer IC is not suitable for high-frequency
applications due to its limited frequency range. It typically operates in the range of a few Hz
to a few kHz, making it unsuitable for applications requiring higher frequencies.
2. Timing Accuracy: The timing accuracy of the LM555 timer IC can be affected by external
factors such as temperature variations, supply voltage fluctuations, and component
tolerances. This can result in timing inaccuracies, especially in critical timing applications.
3. Limited Output Drive Capability: Although the LM555 can source or sink up to 200mA of
current, this may not be sufficient for driving high-power loads directly. External buffering or
amplification may be required for driving larger loads.
4. Limited Output Voltage Swing: The output voltage swing of the LM555 is limited by the
supply voltage, typically ranging from close to Vcc when low to near ground when high. This
may not be suitable for applications requiring higher output voltage levels.

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 APPLICATION

The LM555 timer IC finds numerous applications across various fields due to its
versatility and ease of use. Some common applications include:
1. Timing Circuits: The LM555 is widely used in timing circuits for generating precise time
delays, pulses, and oscillations. It is employed in applications such as timers, delays, pulse-
width modulation (PWM), and frequency generation.
2. Pulse Generators: The monostable mode of the LM555 allows it to generate precise
pulses of a specified duration in response to a trigger signal. This feature is utilized in
applications such as pulse generators, pulse-width modulation (PWM) circuits, and pulse
shaping circuits.
3. Oscillators: In astable mode, the LM555 functions as an oscillator, generating a continuous
square wave output with a frequency determined by external resistors and capacitors. It is
commonly used in applications such as clock generation, tone generation, and waveform
generation.
4. LED Flashers: The LM555 is often used in LED flasher circuits to produce flashing or
blinking effects in LED-based projects, such as warning lights, decorative lighting, and
automotive lighting.
5. Motor Control: The LM555 can be used in motor control circuits to generate variable-
speed control signals or timing signals for motor drivers and controllers in applications such
as robotics, automation, and hobby projects.
6. Audio Circuits: The LM555 can be used in audio circuits for generating tone bursts, audio
oscillators, and tone control circuits. It finds applications in musical instruments, audio
synthesizers, alarm systems, and sound effects generators.

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  CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the LM555 timer IC stands as a versatile and widely used

component in the realm of electronics. Its ease of use, reliability, and
affordability have made it a staple in countless applications spanning
various industries and disciplines. From timing circuits to pulse
generators, oscillators to LED flashers, the LM555's adaptability shines
through, catering to the needs of engineers, hobbyists, and students
alike.

While the LM555 boasts numerous advantages, including its wide supply
voltage range, simple external circuitry, and high output current
capability, it's essential to consider its limitations as well, such as its
timing accuracy and sensitivity to noise.

Nonetheless, the LM555 remains a go-to solution for countless

electronic projects, offering a robust foundation for innovation and
creativity. Whether in educational settings, commercial products, or DIY
endovers, the LM555 timer IC continues to play a pivotal role in shaping
the landscape of modern electronics.

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REFERENCE

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