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Topic: GLOBALIZATION HAS EXACERBATED DISPARITIES

Meaning of the statement: Globalization has made existing inequalities or differences between
nations, regions, or social groups more pronounced or severe.

Thesis Statement: Globalization, while promoting economic growth, cultural exchange, and
liberal democratic values has also widened the gap between the rich and the poor, both within
and between countries.

1) Introduction

“Globalization, while promoting economic growth, cultural exchange, and liberal democratic
values has also widened the gap between the rich and the poor, both within and between
countries.”
2) Understanding Globalization and Its Components
3) Manifestation of Global Disparities in Different Domains
4) Globalization Has Exacerbated Disparities
a. In economic domain
i. Led to concentration of wealth and resources in the hands of few
exacerbating income inequalities in both developed and developing parts
of the world
ii. Halted development of developing countries i.e. global south while
favoring modernization of a few
iii. Exploited international political economy in favor of developed world
1. Case in Point: Role of IMF and WTO
b. In Labor market
i. Outsourcing labor to countries with lower wages creating labor market
disparities
c. Marginalization of developing countries
i. Widened gap between developed and developing countries while creating
challenges in global market
d. In political sphere
i. Promoted democratic values and institutions in like minded geographies
ii. Created the divide of “US versus Them”
e. In societal aspects
i. Created Western bubbles in social institutions of health and education
1. Case in Point: Disparities in HDI
ii. Promoted Westernization while rejecting Eastern values
f. In technological spheres
i. Created ‘Haves and Have nots’ in technological spheres
g. In environmental spheres
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i. Secured only western developed alliances while aggravating

vulnerabilities of developing countries
ii. Refused universal collaboration and responsibilities
h. In Gender domain
i. Promoted gender equality as a western concept creating disparities in
gender biases
5) However, Globalization in Certain Domains Has Reduced Disparities
a. Lifted millions out of poverty by creating job opportunities
b. Facilitated flow of capital and technology in developing countries
c. Improved access to information while narrowing the knowledge gap
d. Promoted cultural exchange leading to interconnected and tolerant world
6) Ways and Means to Ensure Globalization Responsible And Agent of Universal
Values
a. Politically, engage stake holders of democratic institutions to spread universal
equal principles
b. Economically, introduce economic institutions with global outreach
c. Socially, execute universal policies while respecting diverse values of globe
d. Ideationally, promote social liberal values instead of capitalism
e. Culturally, respect universal human cultural values in both tangible and intangible
aspects
f. In terms of governance, promote sustainable development goals with the idea of
internationalism
7) Future of Globalization within reforms and without reforms- a predictive analysis
a. Pessimistic view: a-humane globalization will further spread disparities
b. Optimistic opinion: humane and responsible globalization will fight for common
challenges and achieve common goals
8) Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

Globalization, while fostering economic growth and cultural exchange, has significantly
worsened disparities across various domains, including the economy, labor market, politics,
society, technology, environment, and gender, primarily benefiting a few while marginalizing
and exploiting the majority. However, it has also played a role in reducing disparities in certain
areas, such as poverty reduction, access to technology and information, and promoting cultural
exchange. To ensure that globalization is responsible and promotes universal values, it is
imperative to engage stakeholders, introduce global economic institutions, execute universal
policies, promote social liberal values, respect cultural diversity, and adhere to sustainable
development goals. The future of globalization, whether reformative or stagnant, will depend on
its ability to address these disparities and work towards common global challenges and goals.
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QUOTES AND REFERENCES

QUOTES:

1) "Globalization has created a global market, but it has also created global insecurity." -
Jayati Ghosh
2) "Globalization has made us more vulnerable. It creates a world without borders, and
makes us painfully aware of the limitations of our present instruments, and of politics,
to meet its challenges." - Anna Lindh
3) "Globalization, as defined by rich people like us, is a very nice thing... you are talking
about the Internet, you are talking about cell phones, you are talking about computers.
This doesn't affect two-thirds of the people of the world." - Jimmy Carter
4) "Globalization has made the world a more unequal place." - Joseph Stiglitz
5) "Globalization means that different countries are more and more interconnected. But
it's not working for everybody. It's exacerbating inequality." - Winnie Byanyima
BOOKS

1) "Globalization and Its Discontents" by Joseph Stiglitz

2) "Globalization and Its Discontents Revisited: Anti-Globalization in the Era of Trump" by
Joseph Stiglitz
3) "Global Inequality: A New Approach for the Age of Globalization" by Branko Milanovic
4) "The Globalization of Inequality" by François Bourguignon
5) "Globalization and Inequality" by Elhanan Helpman
6) "The Divide: A Brief Guide to Global Inequality and its Solutions" by Jason Hickel
7) "Globalization and Its Enemies" by Daniel Cohen