Republic of the Philippines

Technological University of the Philippines

Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
 MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

Name: Course, Yr. & Sec. Subject:

Group No. Time: Days: Rm: Date:
Professor/Instructor: Rating:

Activity No. 3
MOTOR CONTROL CIRCUIT

I. Objectives:
At the end of the activity, students should be able to:

1. Interpret a simple ladder diagram.

2. Draw a simple motor control circuit using various types of switches.
3. Appreciate the importance of gaining skill in designing a control circuit based on given condition.

II. Technical Information:

Understanding motor control systems requires the ability to read and work with relay ladder
diagrams. These diagrams show the relationship among the components in the control circuit.
o A single load (such as a contactor coil, a relay coil, a light, or an alarm) is placed on each rung of
the ladder. All loads are wired in parallel with each other, never is series. To understand the
diagram, imagine voltage flowing from left to right across the rung. When all contacts leading
to a load are closed, voltage will energize it.
o Contacts on switches are indicated by the symbol for the switch. Most switches can be wired as
normally open or normally closed. Switch contacts that are wired normally open are drawn as
open, and normally closed contacts are drawn as closed. When contacts on contactors or relays
are normally open, they are indicated by two vertical lines. When normally closed, a diagonal
line is added.
o When a switch is not actuated or a contactor or relay is not energized, all its contacts are in
their normal state. Normally open contacts are open and normally closed contacts are closed.
When the component is actuated or energized, its contacts change their state: normally open
contacts close, and normally closed contacts open.
o Numbers are often added along the left-hand rail of relay ladder diagrams when the diagrams
have many rungs. Numbers at the right-hand rail indicate the location of contacts controlled by
the load. Comments about the components on a rung are often written along the right-hand
rail.
o For example, the rungs of the relay ladder diagram on the previous page are numbered 1
through 5. Along the right-hand rail, the load in Rung 3 is referenced to both Rung 1 and Rung 4
because the time-delay relay has a contact in each of those rungs. The contact in Rung 4 turns
the alarm off when it completes its timing sequence. The contact in Rung 1 turns the motor on.
Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department
1
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
 MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
Rung references to normally closed contacts are underlined while normally open contacts are
not.

Figure 1Motor Control Ladder Diagram

o Wire numbers are sometimes added to aid in locating the proper connections in the control
system. The numbers on the diagram match real numbers affixed to the wires in the system.
Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department
2
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
 MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

III. Evaluation:

1. This is a ladder diagram of the control circuit for a large ventilation fan started with a maintained –
contact selector switch. In this circuit, if the power of the fan is lost, it will automatically restart
when power is restored. Modify the circuit so that the new circuit will not permit fan to restart if
power is restored after an outage.

Answer

2. Modify the given circuit so that it can be started from three other locations by using pushbuttons.
Draw your diagram and label each part.

Answer
Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department
3
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
 MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
3. Modify the circuit you have drawn in No. 2 by adding a temperature switch that will automatically
turn the fan ON when the temperature rises to 28°C. The circuit must allow each push button to ON
the fan independent of the temperature switch.

Answer

4. Lastly, modify the circuit in a way that the three pushbuttons cannot turn ON the fan until the
temperature reaches 28 ° C.

Answer

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

4
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
 MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

5. In Figure 1, what is the function of the control relay CR for the proper operation of the motor?
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6. What is the purpose of connecting a normally closed time relay contact (TDOE) in series with the alarm?
Why a normally open time relay contact (TDOE) in series with the motor contactor coil M?
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IV. Conclusion:
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Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

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