introduction:

This lab was designed to show us the way a circuit operates in reaction to alternatingcurrent
(AC). In other words, we were supposed to see the sinusoidal appearance of the voltageacross
certain designated points across the R-L-C circuit. That said, electrical resonance in thecircuit
was the ultimate goal that was meant for us to understand and its effects to see.
Inaddition, some of the real word applications of these lab could be in electrical circuits, where it
isused to tune to specific frequencies.

Aims of the Exercise

This exercise should enable the Student to:

· Assemble an RLC parallel and series circuit for current and voltage measurements.

· Calculate the impedance Z, from measured values.

· Draw graphs to show the relationship between the impedance Z, and the frequency.

· Measure the phase shift using a Lissajous figure, between current and voltage.

· Draw a graph to show the relationship between the phase shift and the frequency,

Equipment

· AC/DC power supply with integral function generator.

· Universal panel.
· Digital Multimeter.
· Dual trace oscilloscope, inc. probes.
· Test lead adapter, BNC / 4 mm.
· Resistor, 100 Ω, 2 W.
· Resistor, 2.2k Ω, 1 W.
· Capacitor, 0.1 µF 400 V= / 250 V~.
· Coil, 33 mH.
 · Set of connection cables.
· Connection plugs (jumpers), 2 mm/ 7.5 mm.

first R-L-C Parallel circuit

this circuit consisting of a voltage source with resistance, inductance and capacitanceconnected
to it in parallel form is called an RLC parallel circuit. It is handled by the duality(electrical circuits)
of the circuit. The RLC parallel circuit is treated as the dual impedance ofthe RLC series circuit.
The voltage across each element remains the same and the current getsdivided in each
component depending upon the impedance of each component.The total current, Is drawn from
the supply is equal to the vector sum of the resistive,inductive and capacitive current, not the
mathematical sum of the three individual branchcurrents, as the current flowing in resistor,
inductor and capacitor are not in same phase witheach other; so they cannot be added
arithmetically

fig 1: Illustration of the parallel RLC circuit

For a parallel configuration, the inverse of the total impedance (ZRLC) is the sum of the inverse
impedances of each component: 1/ZRLC=1/ZR+1/ZL+1/ZC. In other terms, the total admittance
of the circuit is the sum of the admittances of each component.

This total admittance satisfies:

The total impedance is therefore given by Equation 1 after taking the norm of the admittance:

Total impedance of the parallel RLC circuit

Parallel RLC Circuit Resonance:

Parallel resonance occurs when the supply frequency creates zero phase difference between
the supply voltage and current producing a resistive circuit