HASAN KALYONCU UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL &

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

PHYS 102 LABORATORY REPORT

NAME AND SURNAME

Abdurrahman Nahseni
221504822
 RLC Circuit
1. Introduction
RLC circuits are a type of electrical circuit that includes a resistor (R), an
inductor (L), and a capacitor (C) connected in series or parallel. These circuits
are foundational in the study of electrical engineering and physics due to their
ability to model various physical phenomena, such as electrical resonance,
damping, and oscillation.
This report covers the fundamental concepts of RLC circuits, including their
time and frequency domain behavior, methods for analyzing these circuits,
and an example of a simple RLC circuit with calculations and conclusions.

2. RLC Circuit Components

2.1 Resistor (R)
A resistor is an electrical component that opposes the flow of current,
resulting in a voltage drop across the resistor. The relationship between
voltage, current, and resistance is described by Ohm's Law:
𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅

where 𝑣 is the voltage across the resistor, 𝐼 is the current through the resistor,
and 𝑅 is the resistance.

2.2 Inductor (L)

An inductor stores energy in a magnetic field when current flows through it.
The relationship between voltage and current in an inductor is described by
the inductor equation:
𝑑𝐼
𝑉 = 𝐿 𝑑𝑡

where 𝑉 is the voltage across the inductor,𝐿 is the inductance,𝐼 is the current,
and 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑙
is the rate of change of current.

2.3 Capacitor (C)

A capacitor stores energy in an electric field and blocks direct current while
allowing alternating current to pass. The relationship between voltage and
current in a capacitor is described by the capacitor equation:
𝑑𝑡
𝐼=𝐶 𝑑𝑣

where 𝐼 is the current through the capacitor, 𝐼 is the capacitance,𝑉 is the

𝑑𝑡
voltage, and 𝑑𝑣 is the rate of change of voltage.

3. RLC Circuit Behavior

3.1 Time Domain

In the time domain, the behavior of the RLC circuit can be analyzed using
differential equations. For a series RLC circuit, the governing equation is:
𝑑𝑡
𝐿 + 𝑅𝐼 + 𝐶1 ∫ ⬚ 𝐼 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑉𝑠(𝑡)
𝑑𝐼

where 𝑉𝑠 (𝑡) is the source voltage. This equation describes the voltage across
each component in the circuit.

3.2 Frequency Domain

In the frequency domain, the impedance of each component can be
calculated:
Resistor: 𝑍𝑅 = 𝑅

Inductor: 𝑍𝐿 = 𝑗𝑤𝑙
1
Capacitor: 𝑍𝑐 = 𝑗𝑤𝑐

where 𝑤 is the angular frequency, 𝑗 is the imaginary unit.

The total impedance of the series RLC circuit can be calculated as:
𝑍𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑍𝑅 + 𝑍𝐿 + 𝑍𝐶 = 𝑅 + 𝑗𝜔𝐿 − 𝜔𝐶𝑗

The circuit exhibits resonance when the inductive reactance equals the
capacitive reactance:
 1
𝜔𝐿 = 𝑤𝑐

This resonance frequency is given by:

1
𝑤0 =
√𝐿𝐶

At resonance, the circuit behaves as a purely resistive circuit with minimal

impedance.

4. Analysis Techniques
4.1 Time Domain Analysis

In the time domain, the RLC circuit can be analyzed using the second-order
differential equation, which can be solved for the current and voltage across
each component. This analysis is useful for understanding the transient
response of the circuit.

4.2 Frequency Domain Analysis

In the frequency domain, the circuit can be analyzed using complex
impedance. This method is useful for understanding the steady-state
response of the circuit at different frequencies.

5. Example of RLC Circuit Analysis

Let's consider a series RLC circuit with the following values:
Resistor: 𝑅 = 10 Ω
Inductor: 𝐿 = 0.1 𝐻

Capacitor: 𝐶 = 10𝜇𝐹
5.1 Resonance Frequency

Calculate the resonance frequency:

1
𝑊0 =
√𝐿𝐶
 1 1
𝑊0 = = = 1000 𝑟𝑎𝑑 ⁄ 𝑠
√0.1 × 10 × 10 −6 0.001

The resonance frequency is 1000 rad/s.

5.2 Impedance at Resonance

At resonance, the total impedance is equal to the resistance:
𝑍𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑅 = 10Ω

Therefore, the impedance at resonance is purely resistive, equal to the

resistance of the circuit.

6. Conclusion
RLC circuits are essential in electrical engineering for their role in signal
filtering, tuning circuits, and energy storage. By understanding the behavior of
these circuits in both the time and frequency domains, engineers can design
circuits with desired properties such as resonance, damping, and oscillation.

This report provides a basic overview of RLC circuits and their analysis. For
more detailed study, one can explore more advanced topics such as quality
factor, bandwidth, and different circuit configurations.