Centering Error and Target Error

Calculating the standard error of the distance STN 2 given that the cantering error at the target (CET)
and instrument (CEI) was 0.020m and 0.0015m, respectively, and the EDM precision is  2mm +
2ppm obtained from the south website instrument (NTS-362)

σ EDM =  0.002m + 2/1000,000.00 * 2,407.303

=  0.0068 m

a. Standard Error ofthe Distance= √ (σ EDM )2+ ¿

= √ (0.0068)2 +¿

= √ 0.00044849
=  0.021 m OR 21mm

Differential Height Standard Error

The standard error for the difference in height over 10 stations for the forward and reverse standard
deviation of point 2

STN 2 Difference in Bm No. Number

Height Misclosure of Set up
1.535476 0.030m 20
1.537754
0.996829
1.514
1.512
Standard 0.014
deviation

σSTN 2= √ σB M 2 +n∗σ 2s

σHP= √ 0.0302 +20 x ¿

σHP= √ 0.000003528

σHP=0.001878 m or 1.878mm
 Northing Easting Northing Easting Standard deviation
STN 1 651906.814 777091.3860 651906.814 777091.3860
STN2 651890.977 777135.6137 SD .0000 SD
651890.9919 777135.6375 1MM 0.00002MM
Distance 47.04 0.000030
Azimut 0.014
h 109 41 38.28

Calculate the Standard Error for STN 2

STN2 = Ep + Sin  * HD

√( ( ) ( )
2 2
E STN 2 ¿
∂ EQ 2
∂ Ep )
∗¿ ¿ ep2 +
∂ EQ
∂ HD
* hd2 +
∂ EQ
∂ ANGLE
* angle2

E STN 2 ¿ √ ( 1 )2∗¿ ¿0.00022 + ( sin 109 41 ’ 38.28 ” ) * 0.0000302 + ( 47.04∗cos 109 41 ’ 38.28 ” ) *
2 2

50.40 } over {206264.806 ¿

E STN 2 ¿ √ 5.342162731224

E STN 2 = √ 0.000000362594

E STN 2 = 0.0006 mm
 NQ = Ep + Cos  * HD

√( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
∂ NQ 2 ∂ NQ ∂ NQ
NSTN 2 ¿ ∗¿ ¿Np2 + * hd2 + * angle2
∂ np ∂ HD ∂ ANGLE

NSTN 2 ¿ √ ( 1 )2∗¿ ¿0.000012 + ( cos 109 41’ 38.28” ) * 0.0000302 + ( 47.04∗sin 109 41’ 38.28” ) *
2 2

50.40 } over {206264.806 ¿

NSTN 2 ¿ √ 0.0000 02829495

N STN 2 ¿ 0.00168 m m