PRIMARY

INDUSTRIES
 OUTLINE

• Introduction
• MSIC for primary industry
• Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
• Mining and Quarrying
INTRODUCTION
• Industry consists of enterprises and
organizations that produce or supply
goods and services
• The Primary sector of the economy
includes any industry involved in the
extraction and production of raw
materials, such as agriculture, forestry,
fishing, mining, and quarrying.
Malaysia Standard Industrial
Classification(MSIC)
for primary industry
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND
FISHING
• SELECTED AGRICULTURAL INDICATORS,
MALAYSIA, 2021
• Selected Agricultural Indicators, Malaysia,
2021 comprises of statistics on economic
performance, employment, domestic
production and external trade for the
agriculture sector. These statistics are
presented in three main agriculture sub-
sectors namely crops, livestock and fisheries.
AGRICULTURE
• In 2021 Malaysia’s economy has gained the momentum by
recording RM1,386.7 billion Gross Domestic Product (GDP),
increased 3.1 per cent as compared to RM1,345.1 billion in
2020.
• Growth in agriculture sector decreased by 0.2 per cent in 2021
as compared to negative 2.4 per cent in the previous year. The
decrease was caused by the commodity sub-sector especially
oil palm which recorded a growth of negative 5.6 per cent
(2020: -3.6%).
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services
produced within a country's borders in a specific time period(annual basis). As a broad measure of overall
domestic production, it functions as a comprehensive scorecard of a given country’s economic health.
• Overall, the production of four major commodity crops,
namely fresh fruit bunches (oil palm), natural rubber, kenaf
(dried stem) and cocoa beans, in 2021 showed a decreasing
trend as compared to 2020.
• the production of fresh fruit bunches (oil palm) was the
highest among the agricultural commodities, its production
decreased by 5,575.6 thousand tonnes with 5.7 per cent as
compared to previous year.
• The agriculture sector contributes to the country
through exports, especially by products produced from
agricultural commodities such as palm oil. Total
agricultural exports increased from RM118.7 billion in
2020 to RM154.5 billion in 2021. Meanwhile, total
imports of the agriculture sector also showed an
increase to RM120.5 billion in 2021 as compared to
RM98.3 billion in 2020.
• Employed persons in the agriculture sector
recorded 1,964.2 thousand persons in 2021 and
this sector was dominated by males at 74.2 per
cent (1,220.6 thousand persons). Out of the total,
the number of non-citizen employed persons was
487.2 thousand persons.
 AGRICULTURE
• Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry(MAFI)
• The Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industries (Malay:
Kementerian Pertanian dan Industri Makanan), abbreviated
MAFI, is a ministry of the Government of Malaysia that is
responsible for agriculture, agro-based industry,
agritourism, livestock, veterinary services, fisheries,
quarantine, inspection, agricultural research, agricultural
development, agricultural marketing, pineapple industry,
agribusiness, botanical garden, food security, food
sovereignty.
Federal departments
• Department of Agriculture Malaysia (DoA), or Jabatan Pertanian Malaysia.
• Department of Veterinary Services (DVS), or Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar.
• Department of Fisheries Malaysia (DoF), or Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia.
• Malaysian Quarantine and Inspection Services Department (MAQIS), or Jabatan Perkhidmatan
Kuarantin dan Pemeriksaan Malaysia.
Federal agencies
• Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), or Institut Penyelidikan dan
Kemajuan Pertanian Malaysia.
• Farmers' Organization Authority (FOA), or Lembaga Pertubuhan Peladang (LPP).
• Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority (FAMA), or Lembaga Pemasaran Pertanian Persekutuan.
• Fisheries Development Authority of Malaysia, or Lembaga Kemajuan Ikan Malaysia (LKIM).
• Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA), or Lembaga Kemajuan Peladang Muda.
• Malaysian Pineapple Industry Board (MPIB), or Lembaga Perindustrian Nanas Malaysia (LPNM).
• Kemubu Agricultural Development Authority (KADA), or Lembaga Kemajuan Pertanian Kemubu .
• Malaysian Bioeconomy Development Corp Sdn Bhd
• Agrobank or Bank Pertanian Malaysia Berhad .
• Ministry of Plantation Industries and
Commodities
• The Ministry of Plantation Industries and
Commodities (MPIC) (Malay: Kementerian
Perusahaan Perladangan dan Komoditi),
abbreviated MPIC, is a ministry of the
Government of Malaysia that is
responsible for plantation and
commodities: palm oil, rubber, timber,
furniture, cocoa, pepper, kenaf, tobacco.
Federal agencies
• Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), or Lembaga Minyak Sawit Malaysia.
• Malaysian Rubber Board (MRB), or Lembaga Getah Malaysia (LGM).
• Malaysian Timber Industry Board (MTIB) , or Lembaga Perindustrian Kayu Malaysia.
• Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB), or Lembaga Koko Malaysia.
• National Kenaf and Tobacco Board (LKTN) , or Lembaga Kenaf dan Tembakau Malaysia
(LKTN).
• Malaysian Pepper Board (MPB) , or Lembaga Lada Malaysia.
• Malaysian Palm Oil Certification Council (MPOCC) , or Majlis Persijilan Minyak Sawit
Malaysia.
• Malaysian Palm Oil Council (MPOC) , or Majlis Minyak Sawit Malaysia.
• Malaysian Rubber Export Promotion Council (MREPC) , or Majlis Promosi Eksport
Getah Malaysia.
• Malaysian Timber Council (MTC) , or Majlis Kayu Malaysia.
• Malaysian Timber Certification Council (MTCC) , or Majlis Persijilan Kayu Malaysia.
• Food security, as defined by the United Nations’ Committee on
World Food Security, means that all people, at all times, have
physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and
nutritious food that meets their food preferences and dietary needs
for an active and healthy life.
• Over the coming decades, a changing climate, growing global
population, rising food prices, and environmental stressors will
have significant yet uncertain impacts on food security. Adaptation
strategies and policy responses to global change, including options
for handling water allocation, land use patterns, food trade,
postharvest food processing, and food prices and safety are
urgently needed.
OIL PALM PLANTATION
Mature palm oil tree
Harvesting of Oil Palm
Fruit Bunches
Oil Palm Plantation in Malaysia
• 6 largest companies in Malaysia
FISHING
Rubber
• Natural Rubber (NR) production increased by 9.7 per cent
in August 2023 (31,309 tonnes) as compared to July 2023
(28,533 tonnes). Year-on-year comparison showed that the
production of NR decreased by 16.9 per cent (August 2022:
37,666 tonnes). Production of NR in August 2023 for
Malaysia was mainly contributed by smallholders sector
(83.3%) as compared to estates sector (16.7%).
• Total stocks of NR in August 2023 decreased by 0.8 per
cent to 142,620 tonnes as compared to 143,757 tonnes in
July 2023. Rubber processors factory contributed 88.1 per
cent of the stocks followed by rubber consumers factory
(11.7%) and rubber estates (0.2%).
RUBBER
FISHING
• According to the The Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations (FAO), "...a
fishery is an activity leading to harvesting of fish.
It may involve capture of wild fish or raising of fish
through aquaculture.“
• Marine fisheries are conducted in all the oceans
and seas of the world, including bays and
estuaries.
• Aquaculture is the breeding, rearing, and
harvesting of fish, shellfish, algae, and other
organisms in all types of water environments.
• Total marine fish landings in 2021 was 1,679.3
thousand tonnes, rose by 0.7 per cent against 1,486.2
thousand tonnes in 2020.
• Production of freshwater aquaculture also showed an
increase of 3.3 per cent. However, the production of
brackishwater aquaculture has decreased by 9.9 per
cent to 280.3 thousand tonnes.
 FISHERIES
Timber and non-timber
MINING AND QUARRYING
• Mining is the process of extracting buried material below the earth
surface. Quarrying refers to extracting materials directly from the
surface.
• The mineral mining sub-sector refers to mining of bauxite, gold,
coal, iron ore, tin, ilmenit, amang retreatment and other mining.
• Whilst quarrying sub-sector refers to granite, limestone, sand
extraction and other stone quarrying.
• Mining of petroleum and natural gas comprises Extraction of crude
petroleum & natural gas and Support activities for petroleum &
natural gas extraction.
MINING OF PETROLEUM
• The Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas group
was the largest contributor with gross output value of
RM125.8 billion (90.8%), while Support activities for
petroleum and natural gas extraction group recorded
RM12.8 billion (9.2%).
• Value added also rose 7.5 per cent per annum from RM97.2
billion to RM114.2 billion for the same period. The number
of persons engaged recorded 36,114 persons in 2021 as
compared to 43,626 persons in 2019 with salaries & wages
paid amounting to RM6.8 billion.
EMERGING TECH IN PRIMARY INDUSTRY

• The primary industry encompasses sectors involved in the extraction

and collection of natural resources, such as agriculture, mining,
forestry, and fishing. Emerging technologies in the primary industry
aim to improve efficiency, sustainability, and productivity.
• Now business data and decision-making software are the catalysts for
completely new technologies and growth in the primary sector.
Artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, big data, the Internet of
Things (IoT) and automation are creating new opportunities for the
primary industry.
EMERGING TECH & INNOVATION IN FORESTRY
• Innovative technologies are helping the industry to better manage forests and produce more
from wood.
• These technologies include:
– drones
– lasers
– scanners
– infra-red sensors
– 3D sensing and imaging
– advances in tree-breeding.
– New technologies are helping to manage Australia’s forests more sustainably. For
instance, drones are used to obtain accurate forest data to improve forest planning and
management processes.
Emerging Tech & Innovation in Forestry

Latest Tech
Emerging Tech & Innovation in Forestry
Emerging Tech & Innovation in Fisheries
• Technology is becoming increasingly essential to driving results at the scale
needed to make the oceans thrive. These are just a few promising bright spots:
Emerging Tech & Innovation in Fisheries
• As technology advances, it’s possible to envision a future where fleets of smart
boats are equipped with advanced cameras, trackers, sensors and other data-
gathering instruments.

Technology in fisheries
Emerging Tech & Innovation in Mining & Quarrying
• The next-generation mining conjured images of autonomous drilling and heavy
equipment streaming real-time data to onsite offices. These and other new
technologies are already delivering savings, productivity, and safety advances.

Tech in Mining
Emerging Tech & Innovation in Mining & Quarrying
Emerging Tech & Innovation in Malaysia's Agriculture
• Malaysia was exploring various emerging technologies
and innovations in its agriculture sector. Since
technology is rapidly evolving, it's essential to consult
the latest resources or news outlets to get the most
recent developments. However, I can suggest a few
potential areas where Malaysia might be focusing on to
enhance its agricultural sector:
Tech in agriculture
1. Precision Agriculture:
• Precision agriculture involves using technology
such as drones, sensors, and GPS technology to
optimize crop yields and reduce waste. It allows
farmers to make data-driven decisions about
planting, harvesting, and resource management.
Malaysia might be exploring this technology to
improve the efficiency of its agricultural
practices.
2. Vertical Farming:
• Given the limited availability of arable land in
urban areas, Malaysia could be investing in
vertical farming techniques. Vertical farming
allows for the cultivation of crops in vertically
stacked layers, often in controlled indoor
environments. This approach can help increase
crop yield and reduce the need for large land
areas.
3. Aquaponics and Hydroponics:
• Malaysia might be integrating aquaponics and
hydroponics systems to enhance its
agricultural output.
Importance of Agricultural Technology:
• Farmers no longer have to apply water, fertilizers, and pesticides
uniformly across entire fields. Instead, they can use the minimum
quantities required and target very specific areas, or even treat
individual plants differently. Benefits include:

– Higher crop productivity

– Decreased use of water, fertilizer, and pesticides, which in turn keeps
food prices down
– Reduced impact on natural ecosystems
– Less runoff of chemicals into rivers and groundwater
– Increased worker safety
• In addition, robotic technologies enable more reliable
monitoring and management of natural resources,
such as air and water quality. It also gives producers
greater control over plant and animal production,
processing, distribution, and storage, which results in:

– Greater efficiencies and lower prices

– Safer growing conditions and safer foods
– Reduced environmental and ecological impact
SMART FARMING
The Benefits of Smart Farming
• Many aspects of the agriculture sector will benefit from new technologies and the
Internet of Things. We’ll look at five aspects that IoT will help you improve:

– Climate conditions, soil quality, crop growth development, and cattle health are only a few
examples. Data analysis will assist you in monitoring the condition of your business, as well as
employee performance, equipment quality, and other factors.
– You would be able to help schedule the sale of your products once you know what your
production output is. You will ensure the crops will not spoil or go unsold by having a precise
understanding of crop location.
– The technology will detect seed damage early in the process, lowering the chance of yield
failure.
– Smart devices can automate processes like irrigation, fertilization, and pest control in your
development cycle.
– Automation enables the company to further track the production process, achieve higher crop
quality levels, and expand its profitable capacity.
END OF TODAY’S LECTURE.
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