Assignment 5

Fluid kinematics and Elementary fluid dynamics

(1) Consider flow in a straight conduit. The conduit is

circular in cross section. Part of the conduit has a
constant diameter, and part has a diameter that changes
with distance. Then, relative to flow in that conduit,
correctly match the items in column A with those in
column B.

(2) The velocity along a pathline is given by V (m/s) 𝑠2 𝑡0.5 where s is in meters and t is in seconds.
The radius of curvature is 0.5 m. Evaluate the acceleration along and normal to the path at s= 2 m
and t= 0.5 seconds.

(3) The nozzle in the figure is shaped such

that the velocity varies linearly from the
base of the nozzle to its tip. Assuming
quasi–one-dimensional flow, what is the
convective acceleration midway between
the base and the tip if the velocity is 0.3 m/s
at the base and 1.2 m/s at the tip? Nozzle
length is 46 cm

(4) Consider steady, incompressible, two-dimensional flow through a converging duct. A simple
approximate velocity field for this flow is V = (u, υ) = (𝑈 + 𝑏𝑥) 𝑖 − 𝑏𝑦 𝑗 where U is the
horizontal speed at x = 0. Note that this equation ignores viscous effects along the walls but is a
reasonable approximation throughout the majority of the flow field. Calculate the material
acceleration for fluid particles passing through this duct. Give your answer in two ways: (1) as
acceleration components ax and ay and (2) as acceleration vector a.

(5) A liquid with a specific weight of 15 kN/m3 is in the conduit. This is a special kind of liquid that
has zero viscosity. The pressures at points A and B are 8 kPa and 4.5
kPa, respectively. Which one (or more) of the following conclusions
can one draw with certainty?
a) The velocity is in the positive _ direction.
b) The velocity is in the negative _ direction.
c) The acceleration is in the positive _ direction.
d) The acceleration is in the negative _ direction.
(6) If the piston and water are accelerated upward at a rate of 0.5g, what will be the
pressure at a depth of 2 m in the water column?
(7) The closed tank shown, which is full of liquid, is accelerated downward
at 2/3 g and to the right at 1g. Here L=2.5 m, H=3m and the liquid has a
specific gravity of 1.3. Determine Pc-Pa, Pb-Pa

(8) A cylindrical tank of liquid shown in the figure is rotating as a

solid body at a rate of 4 rad s. The tank diameter is 0.5 m. The line
AA depicts the liquid surface before rotation, and the line A’A’ shows
the surface profile after rotation has been established.
Find the elevation difference between the liquid at the center and the
wall during rotation.

(9) When the U-tube is not rotated, the water stands in the tube as
shown. If the tube is rotated about the eccentric axis at a rate of 8
rad s, what are the new levels of water in the tube?
Assume that liquid remains at the bottom leg. Also find the pressure
at the bottom of each vertical leg.