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Class 12 - Chemistry
Sample Paper - 07 (2022-23)

Maximum Marks: 70
Time Allowed: : 3 hours

General Instructions:

Read the following instructions carefully.

a. There are 35 questions in this question paper with internal choice.

b. SECTION A consists of 18 multiple-choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
c. SECTION B consists of 7 very short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
d. SECTION C consists of 5 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
e. SECTION D consists of 2 case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.
f. SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.
g. All questions are compulsory.
h. Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. Which characteristic is most useful for determining that a substance is a metal?
a) Melting point
b) Hardness
c) X-ray pattern
d) Conductivity
Glycosidic bond Seliwanoffs

2. The correct observation in the following reactions is: Sucrose −−−−−−−−−−−−→ A + B −−−−−−→ ?
Cleavage (Hydrolysis) reagent

a) Formation of blue colour

b) Formation of red colour
c) Formation of violet colour
d) Gives no colour
3. Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order of acidity:

a) Q > P > R > S

b) Q > R > P > S
c) S > R > Q > P
d) R > Q > P > S
4. Which of the following statements are not correct about Fehling’s test?
i. Fehling’s A is Rochelle salt dissolved in NaOH.
ii. Fehling’s test involves the reduction of Cu+2 to Cu+1.
iii. Fehling’s test involves the oxidation of RCHO to RCOOH.
iv. Fehling’s B is aqueous copper sulphate solution.

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a) i and ii
b) i and iv
c) i, ii, iii and iv
d) ii and iii
5. Consider the graph. Which of the following options does not show instantaneous rate of reaction at 40th second?

V5 −V2
a) 50−30
V3 −V2
b) 40−30
V3 −V1
c)
40−20
V4 −V2
d) 50−30

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6. For a spontaneous reaction the ΔG, equilibrium constant (K) and E 0
will be respectively.
cell

a) -ve, > 1, +ve

b) -ve, > 1, -ve
c) -ve, < 1, -ve
d) +ve, > 1, -ve
7. For the following compounds, which is the strongest base and which is strongest acid?

a) IV = Strongest base, III = Strongest acid

b) II = Strongest base, III = Strongest acid
c) II = Strongest base, I = Strongest acid
d) III = Strongest base, IV = Strongest acid
8. Identify the INCORRECT statement regarding 3d transition series.
a) The strength of metallic bonds increases from Sc to Cr and then it decreases.
b) The number of oxidation states increases from Sc to Mn and then decreases from Fe to Zn.
c) The second ionization enthalpy of Cr is high because of the stable d5 configuration.
d) The first ionization enthalpy decreases from Sc to Zn as the atomic number increases.
9. Activation energy of a chemical reaction can be determined by:
i. evaluating rate constants at two different temperatures
ii. evaluating velocities of reaction at standard temperatures
iii. evaluating rate constant at standard temperature

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iv. changing concentration of reactants
a) Option iii
b) Option i
c) Option ii
d) Option iv
10. Which one of the following statements is correct?
i. Nitration of hexamethylenetetramine yields mesityl oxide.
ii. Acetone forms a cyclic ketal on its treatment with ethyl alcohol.
iii. Benzophenone reacts with sodium bisulphite to form benzophenone sodium bisulphite.
iv. Acetaldehyde reacts with benzyl amine to form a Schiff base.
a) Option (iii)
b) Option (iv)
c) Option (i)
d) Option (ii)
11. What is product of the following reaction?

a)

b)

c)

d)

12. In electrolysis of NaCl when Pt electrode is taken then H2 is liberated at cathode while with Hg cathode it gives sodium
amalgam.
a) Conc. of H+ ions is larger when Pt electrode is taken
b) Hg is more inert than Pt
c) More voltage is required to reduce H+ at Hg than the Pt
d) Na is dissolved in Hg while it does not dissolve in Pt
13. Periodic acid splits glucose and fructose into formaldehyde and formic acid. Ratio of moles of formic acid in glucose a
fructose is:
a) 1 : 2
b) 2 : 3
c) 1 : 1
d) 5 : 3
14. Which one of the following is used for the separation and purification of aldehydes
a) hydrogen cyanide
b) None of these
c) Grignard reagent
d) Sodium hydrogensulphite

15. Assertion (A): p-toluidine is a stronger base than m-toluene.

Reason (R): Methyl group from m-position exerts a smaller electron-donating inductive (+l) effect than from p-position.

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a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
16. Assertion (A): Glycerol gives 2 moles formaldehyde and one-mole formic acid with HIO4.
Reason (R): Glycerol is 1,2,3-propanetriol.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
17. Assertion (A): Complexes of MX6 and MX5L type (X and L are unidentate) do not show geometrical isomerism.
Reason (R): Geometrical isomerism is not shown by complexes of coordination number 6.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
18. Assertion (A): Actinoids form relatively less stable complexes as compared to lanthanoids.
Reason (R): Actinoids can utilize their 5f orbitals along with 6d orbitals in bonding but lanthanoids do not use their 4f
orbital for bonding.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
Section B
19. Mention the factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction.
20. i. Write anode and cathode reactions that occur in dry cell.
ii. How does a dry cell differ from a mercury cell?

OR

What mass of zinc (II) ion will be reduced by 1 mole of electrons?

21. Amongest the following the most stable complex is:
a. [Fe(H2O)6]3+

b. [Fe(NH3)6]3+

c. [Fe(C2O4)3]3-

d. [FeCl6]3-

Give a reason for the explanation.

OR

Write IUPAC name of the complex [Co(en)2 (NO2 )Cl]+. What type of structural isomerism is shown by this complex?
22. Define corrosion. What is the chemical formula of rust?
23. What happens when blood cells are placed in pure water?
24. Preparation of ethers by acid dehydration of secondary or tertiary alcohols is not a suitable method. Give reason.

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25. Allyl chloride is hydrolyzed more readily than n-propyl chloride. Why?
Section C
26. i. The conductivity of 0.001 mol L-1 solution of CH3COOH is 3.905 × 10-5 S cm-1. Calculate its molar conductivity
and degree of dissociation (α). Given, λ (H ) = 349.6Scm mol and λ (CH COO ) = 40.9Scm mol
∘ + 2 −1 ∘
3
− 2 −1

ii. Define electrochemical cell. What happens if external potential applied becomes greater than E of electrochemical
∘
cell

cell?
27. How would you achieve the following conversion:
i. Nitrobenzene to aniline
ii. An alkyl halide to a quarternary ammonium salt.
iii. Aniline to benzonitrile.
28. i. Why is the separation of lanthanoid elements difficult?
ii. Transition metal exhibit higher enthalpies of atomization. Explain why?
iii. Why have the transition metal high enthalpy of hydration?
29. The decomposition of phosphine, 2P H (g) → P (g) + 6H (g) has the rate law = k [P H ] . The rate constant is
3 4 2 3

6.0 × 10
−4 −1
s at 300 K and activation energy is 3.05 × 10 J mol . Calculate the value of rate constant at 310 K.
5 −1

[Given: R = 8.314 J mol K ]

−1 −1

30. Give reasons for the following:

i. Ethyl iodide undergoes SN2 reaction faster than ethyl bromide.
ii. (±) 2-butanol is optically inactive.
iii. C-X bond length in halobenzene is smaller than C-X bond length in CH3- X.

OR

i. Haloalkanes easily dissolve in organic solvents. Why?

ii. What is the racemic mixture? Give an example.
iii. Of the two bromo derivatives, C6H5CH(CH3)Br and (C6H5)CH(C6H5)Br, which one is more reactive towards SN1
substitution reaction and why?
Section D
31. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
When a solution of an α-amino acid is placed in an electric field depending on the pH of the medium, the following
+ +
H + H +

three cases may happen.H 2 N C HRC OO

−
⟷ H3 N C HRC OO
−
−
⟷ H3 N C HRC OOH
−
II OH I OH III

i. In alkaline solution, α-amino acids exist as anion II, and there is a net migration of amino acids towards the anode.
ii. In acidic solution, α-amino acids exist as cation III, and there is a net migration of amino acid towards the cathode.
iii. If II and III are exactly balanced there is no net migration; under such conditions, anyone molecule exists as a
positive ion and as a negative ion for exactly the same amount of time, and any small movement in the direction of
one electrode is subsequently canceled by an equal movement back toward the other electrode. The pH of the
solution in which particular amino acid does not migrate under the influence of an electric field is called the
isoelectric point of that amino acid.
i. In aqueous solutions, amino acids mostly exist as
ii. Amino acids are least soluble
iii. The pK and pK of an amino acid are 2.3 and 9.7 respectively. The isoelectric point of the amino acid.
a1 a2

OR

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Arrange in order of increasing acid strengths.

32. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The crystal field theory (CFT) is an electrostatic model which considers the metal-ligand bond to be ionically arising
purely from electrostatic interactions between the metal ion and the ligand. Ligands are treated as point charges in case
of anions or point dipoles in case of neutral molecules. The five d orbitals in an isolated gaseous metal atom/ion have the
same energy, i.e., they are degenerate. In an octahedral coordination entity with six ligands surrounding the metal
atom/ion, there will be repulsion between the electrons in metal d orbitals and the electrons (or negative charges) of the
ligands. This splitting of the degenerate levels due to the presence of ligands in a definite geometry is termed as crystal
field splitting and the energy separation is denoted by Δ . The colour in the coordination compounds can be readily
0

explained in terms of the crystal field theory.

i. CO2+ is easily oxidised to CO3+ in presence of a strong ligand. Give reason.
ii. Write the electronic configuration of d4 in terms to T2g and eg in an octahedral field when
i. Δ > P
0

ii. Δ < P
0

iii. On the basis of crystal field theory, write the electronic configuration for d4 ion if Δo > P.

OR

Write the electronic configuration of Fe(III) on the basis of crystal field theory when it forms an octahedral
complex in the presence of (i) strong field ligand, and (ii) weak field ligand. (Atomic no. of Fe = 26)
Section E
33. a. Find the boiling point of a solution containing 0.520 g of glucose dissolved in 80.2 g of water. [Given : Kb for water

= 0.52Km−1]
b. What mass of ethylene glycol (molar mass 62.0gmol−1) must be added to 5.50kg of water to lower the freezing point
of water from OoC to - 10.0 0
C ? (K for water =1.86 K
f kg mol
−1
)

OR

i. Define Raoult’s law of binary solution containing non-volatile solute in it.

ii. On dissolving 3.24 g of sulphur in 40 g of benzene, boiling point of solution was higher than that of benzene by
0.81K (Kb = 2.53 K kg mol-1). What is molecular formula of sulphur? (Atomic mass s = 32 g mol-1)
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34. i. An organic compound with molecular formula C9H10O forms 2,4-DNP derivative, reduces Tollen's reagent and
undergoes Cannizzaro reaction. On vigorous oxidation, it gives 1, 2-benzene dicarboxylic acid. Identify the
compound.
ii. Give the chemical tests to distinguish between
a. propanol and propanone
b. benzaldehyde and acetophenone

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iii. Arrange the following compounds in an increasing order of their property as indicated:
Acetaldehyde, acetone, methyl tert-butyl ketone (reactivity towards HCN).

OR

i. How would you account for the following?

a. Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones toward nucleophiles.
b. The boiling points of aldehydes and ketones are lower than that of the corresponding acids.
c. The aldehydes and ketones undergo a number of addition reactions.
ii. Give chemical tests to distinguish between
a. acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde.
b. propanone and propanol
35. Answer the following questions:
i. Define alloy.
ii. Give IUPAC names of: C 6 H5 C H2 C H2 C l

iii. Suggest a reagent for the conversion of ethanol to ethanal.

iv. Name one reagent used for the identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
v. Write the name of bond between the two - amino acids.

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Class 12 - Chemistry
Sample Paper - 07 (2022-23)

Solution

Section A
1. (d) Conductivity
Explanation: Conductivity
2. (b) Formation of red colour
Explanation: Seliwanoff reagent → [Resorcinol + Conc. HCl]
It is used to distinguish between aldoses and ketoses. Ketoses show red colour whereas aldoses show light pink colour
with Seliwanoff Reagent.
3. (d) R > Q > P > S
Explanation: R is most acidic.

4. (b) i and iv
Explanation: Fehling solution A is an aqueous copper sulphate solution while Fehling solution B is Rochelle salt
dissolved in NaOH.
V4 −V2
5. (d)
50−30
Volume of H2 obtained
Explanation: Instantaneous rate = time t
V4 −V2 V4 −V3
Thus, 50−30
is not correct. IT should be 50−40

6. (a) -ve, > 1, +ve

Explanation: -ve, > 1, +ve
7. (d) III = Strongest base, IV = Strongest acid

Explanation:

8. (d) The first ionization enthalpy decreases from Sc to Zn as the atomic number increases.
Explanation: The first ionization enthalpy increases with some irregularities as the atomic number increases in the 3d
transition series. The irregularities are due to the screening effect of added (n - 1)d electrons.
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9. (b) Option i
Explanation: Activation energy of a chemical reaction can be determined by evaluating rate constants at two different
temperature. It can be determined with the help of Arrhenius equation:
K2 Ea T2 −T1
2.303 log K1
=
R
[
T1 T2
]

10. (b) Option (iv)

Explanation: Schiff base has general structure R2C = NR and acetaldehyde on reaction with benzylamine give (CH3)2C
= NCH2C6H5.

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Nitration of hexamethylenetetramine (urotropine) yields RDX or cyclonite.
Acetone reacts with ethylene glycol to form a cyclic ketal. Benzophenone, being bulky does not react with sodium
bisulphite.

11. (b)

Explanation:

12. (c) More voltage is required to reduce H+ at Hg than the Pt

Explanation: More voltage is required to reduce H+ at Hg than the Pt
13. (d) 5 : 3
Explanation: 5 : 3
14. (d) Sodium hydrogensulphite

Explanation:

Aldehydes and ketones form bisulphite addition product with NaHSO3 while impurites does not on hydrolysis we get
pure aldehydes and ketones.
15. (c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: It is correct that p-toluidine is a stronger base than m-toluene but the reason is the hyperconjugation effect
of a methyl group from the para position increases the basic strength of para isomer. Hence Reason is incorrect.
16. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
17. (c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: For complexes of MX6 and MX5L type, different geometric arrangements of the ligands are not possible.
MA4B2, M(AA)2B2, and MA3B3 type of complexes are the complexes with coordination number 6 which show
geometrical isomerism.
18. (d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: Actinoids are more reactive and show a greater range of oxidation states.
Section B
19. The factors that affect the rate of a reaction are as follows:
i. Concentration of reactants (pressure in case of gases),
ii. Temperature,
iii. Presence of a catalyst.
20. i. Reactions in dry cell:
At Anode: Zn(s) → Zn2+ + 2e-

At Cathode: MnO2 + NH4+ + e- → MnO(OH) + NH3

ii. Dry cell has shorter life than mercury cell. Cell potential in mercury cell remains constant but not in dry cell.

OR

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2+ −
Zn (aq) + 2e → Zn(s)

2 Faraday i.e. 2 moles of electrons will deposit 65 g of zinc.

1 Faraday i.e. 1 mole of electrons will deposit 32.5 g of zinc.
21. In each of the given complex Fe is in +3 state. As C2O42- is a didentate chelating ligand, it forms chelate rings and hence

[Fe(C2O4)3]3- is the most stable complex.

OR

IUPAC name of the complex [Co(en)2 (NO2 )Cl]+ is Chloro bis ethane-1,2-diamine nitrito-N-cobalt(III) ion.
Linkage isomerism is shown by this complex.
Linkage isomers are [Co(en)2 (NO2 )Cl]+ and [Co(en)2 (ONO)Cl]+.
22. Corrosion is the slow eating of the surface of the metal due to attack of atmospheric gases. The formula of rust is
Fe2O3.xH2O
23. Due to osmosis, water molecules move into blood cells through the cell walls. As a results, blood cells swell and may
even burst. As osmosis is the process of movement of molecules from lower concentration to higher concentration.
24. The formation of ethers by dehydration of alcohol is a bimolecular reaction (S ) involving the attack of an alcohol
2
N

molecule on a protonated alcohol molecule. In the method, the alkyl group should be unhindered. In case of secondary or
tertiary alcohols, the alkyl group is hindered. As a result, elimination dominates substitution. Hence, in place of ethers,
alkenes are formed.
25. Allyl Chloride, CH2=CH—CH2Cl, is more readily hydrolyzed than n-propyl chloride, CH3—CH2—CH2Cl, because of

the presence of the σ bond which gives the property of resonance stabilization to the CH3=CH2—CH2+ carbocation to
be very stable. Due to the formation of the carbocation, the molecule undergoes hydrolysis more readily while no such
stabilisation of carbocation is found in n- propyl chloride.

Section C
26. i. Given: Conductivity of CH3COOH solution,κ = 3.905 × 10
−5
Scm
−1
and [CH3COOH], M = 0.001 mol L-1 =
0.001 M
−5

= 39.05 S cm2mol-1
(3.905×10 )×(1000)
Now, Molar conductivity of solution can be calculated as λ m
= κ ×
1000
= 0.001
M

Also, Molar conductivity at infinite dilution (λ ) for CH3COOH = λ

0
m
∘
m ( C H3 COOH) = λ
0

CH3 COO
−
+ λ
∘

H
+
= 40.9

+ 349.6 = 390.5 S cm2 mol-1

λm
We know that, Degree of dissociation, α = = = 0.1 i.e. 10% dissociated.
39.05
∘
λm 390.5

ii. Electrochemical cell: A device used to convert the chemical energy produced in a spontaneous redox reaction into
electrical energy is called an electrochemical cell. Electrochemical cells are divided into two main types: (a)
Electrolytic cell (b) Galvanic or voltaic cell. When external potential applied becomes greater than E of an ∘
cell

electrochemical cell, electrons flow from cathode to anode, i.e. electrochemical cell behaves like an electrolytic cell.

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27. i.

ii.
C2 H2 Cl C2 H2 Cl

C2 H5 Cl + NH3 ⟶ C2 H5 NH2 −−−−→ ( C2 H5 ) NH −−−−→

2
Chloroethane Ethanamine N - Ethylethanamine

C2 H5 C l
+
( C2 H5 ) N −−−−→ ( C2 H5 ) N Cl
3 4
NN−Diethyl T etraethyl
ethana min e Ammoniu m chloride

iii.

28. i. The separation of lanthanoid elements is difficult due to lanthanide contraction, the size of these elements is nearly
the same.
ii. Transition metal contains a large number of unpaired electrons, and they have strong interatomic attractions. That's
why transition metal exhibit higher enthalpies of atomization.
iii. The transitions metal have high enthalpy of hydration due to their small size and large nuclear charge.
29. Here T 1 = 300K

T2 = 310K

−4 −1
k1 = 6.0 × 10 s

5 −1
Ea = 3.05 × 10 J mol

and k =? 2

We know that
Ea T2 −T1
log k2 − log k1 = [ ]
2.303R T1 T2

5
−4 3.05×10 310−300
log k2 − log 6.0 × 10 = ( )
2.303×8.314 310×300
5
3.05×10 10
log k2 − (−4 + 0.7782) = ×
19.147 93000
3.05×1000
log k2 − (−3.2218) =
19.147×93

log k2 + 3.2218 = 1.7128

log k2 = 1.7128 - 3.2218

log k2 = −1.5090

k2 = antilog (−1.5090)
−2 −1
k2 = 3.097 × 10 s

30. i. Iodide ion is a better leaving group because of its larger size than bromide ion, therefore ethyl iodide undergoes SN2
reaction faster than ethyl bromide.
ii. (±) 2-butanol is a racemic mixture. It is a mixture which contains two enantiomers in equal proportion and thus, has
zero optical rotation Therefore, it is optically inactive.
iii. Due to delocalization of lone pairs of electrons of the Xatom over the benzene ring, C-X bond in halobenzene
acquires some double-bond character while in CH3-X, C-X bond is a pure single bond. Therefore, C-X bond in
halobenzene is shorter than in CH3 -X.

OR

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i. Alkyl halides are polar molecules, so they are held by dipole-dipole attraction. The molecules of water are held
together by H-bonds. Since the new forces of attraction between water and alkyl halide molecules are weaker than
forces of attraction already existing between alkyl halide-alkyl halide molecules and water-water molecules,
therefore, alkyl halides are insoluble in water. In other words, Haloalkanes easily dissolve in organic solvents because
both are covalent in nature (like dissolves like).
ii.
A racemic mixture is a mixture containing the two enantiomers (dextro and laevo) of a compound in equal
proportions. The optical rotation of such a mixture is zero as the optical rotation due to one enantiomer cancels the
optical rotation due to the other. For example (±) butan-2-ol,
iii. More stable the carbocation, more reactive will be substrate.The carbocation formed by two compounds are as
follows:

Out of these two carbocations, (C6H5)2CH+ is more stable than C6H5(CH3)CH+ because the

carbocation (C6H5)2CH+ is resonance stabilized by two benzene rings. Therefore, (C6H5)2CHBr is more reactive
than C6H5CH(CH3)Br towards SN1 reaction. Resonance stabilization of carbocation with one benzene ring is shown

below:

Section D
+

31. i. H 3 N C HRC OO
−

In aqueous solutions, amino acids mostly exist as zwitterion or dipolar ions.

R

+ |
−
N H3 − C H− C OO
Zwitter ion

ii. Amino acids are least soluble at their isoelectric points. At a specific pH, called isoelectric point, the positive
and negative charges balance each other and the net charge becomes zero. If there is a charge, the amino acid
prefers to interact with water, rather than other amino acid molecules, this charge makes it more soluble.
2.3+9.7
iii. Isoelectric point = 2
=6

OR

X>Z>Y
+

Carboxylic acids are stronger acids than - N H , therefore X is the strongest acid. Since -COOH has -I effect
3

which decreases with distance therefore, effect is more pronounced on Z than on Y. As a result Z is more acidic
than Y, therefore, the overall order of increasing acid strength is X > Z > Y.

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32. i. The configuration of CO2+ is t2g6 eg1 and for CO3+ it is t2g6 The crystal field stabilisation energy is more than

compensated for the third ionisation enthalpy. Therefore, CO2+ is easily oxidised to CO3+ in the presence of a
strong ligand.
ii. i. When Δ >P; t2g4 0

ii. When Δ < P; t2g3 eg1

0

iii. t2g4

OR

Fe (III): 3d5
i. Strong field ligand: t2g5 eg0

ii. Weak field ligand: t2g3 eg2

Section E
33. a. Given, wB = 0.520 g, wA = 80.2 g,
−1
Kb = 0.52 K m

M2 ( C6 H12 O6 ) = (6 × 12) + (12 × 1) + (6 × 16)

−1
= 180 g mol
Kb ×wB ×1000
ΔTb =
MB ×wA
−1 −1
0.52K m ×0.520g×1000g kg
=
−1
180 g mol ×80.2g

ΔTb = 0.0187K

Boiling point of solution (T b

) = T
b
o
+ ΔTb

= 373K + 0.0187K

ΔTb = 373.019K

b. Givenw A
= 5.5kg = 5.5 × 1000 = 5500g

−1
MB = 62 g mol

o o 0
ΔTf = 0 C − (− 10 C ) = 10 C / 10K

−1
Kf = 1.86 K kg mol

As we know,
Kf ×wB ×1000
ΔTf =
MB ×wA

Δ Tf ×MB ×wA
wB =
kf ×1000

−1
10K×62g mol ×5500g
=
−1 −1
1.86 K kg mol ×1000g kg

wB = 1833.33g = 1.833 kg

OR

i. At a given temperature, the vapour pressure of a solution containing non-volatile solute is directly proportional to the
mole fraction of the solvent.
3
Kb ×Wb ×1000
ii. M
2.53×3.24×10
B = =
Δ Tb ×WA 0.81×40

= 253 g mol-1
Let the molecular formula of sulphur = Sx
Atomic mass of sulphur = 32
Molecular mass = 32 × x

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32x = 253
x = 7.91 ≈ 8
Molecular formula of sulphur = S8
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34. i. a. Since, the compound gives 2,4-DNP derivative, it contains group.
b. It reduces Tollen's reagent, that means, the carbonyl compound is an aldehyde (-CHO group is present).
c. It gives Cannizzaro reaction, so it does not contain any α-hydrogen atom. Thus, its possible structures are

d. Since the compound on vigorous oxidation gives 1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid, the two groups must be present
at the successive position. Thus, the compound is

ii. a. Propanone, because of the presence of -COCH3 group when treated with NaOH and I2, gives yellow crystals of
iodoform.
_ +

C H3 COC H3 + 4 NaOH + 3I2 → CHI3 ↓ + C H3 CO O N a + 3NaI + 3H2 O

lodoform

In contrast, propanol (CH3CH2CH2OH) does not contain CH 3 - C H - group , so it does not give iodoform test.
|
OH

b. Benzaldehyde and acetophenone: Both can be distinguished by Tollen's reagent test. Benzaldehyde contains -
CHO group and thus, reduces Tollen's reagent to metallic silver while acetophenone being a ketone does not
reduce Tollen's reagent.

iii. The reactivity towards HCN addition decreases as the +I-effect of alkyl groups increases as they tend to increase the
density of electrophilic carbonyl carbon and makes a nucleophilic attack by CN- difficult. Further, the presence of a
large number of alkyl groups causes steric hindrance to the nucleophilic attack by CN- at carbonyl carbon. Hence,

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reactivity increases as:
Methyl t-butyl ketone < acetone < acetaldehyde
i.e. [CH3COC(CH3)3] < (CH3COCH3) < (CH3CHO) (Reactivity towards HCN)

OR

i. a. Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones toward nucleophiles due to steric and electronic reasons. Sterically, the
presence of two relatively large substituents in ketones hinders the approach of nucleophile to carbonyl carbon
than in aldehyde having only one such substituent.
b. This is because of the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in carboxylic acids as they have polar-OH
group due to which carboxylic acids exist as associated molecules and hence, high temperature is required to
break H-bond, which leads to their high boiling points.
c. Due to the present of polar carbonyl group the carbonyl carbon bears partial positive

charge, and thus undergo nucleophilic addition reaction.

O

||

ii. a. Due to the presence of C H 3 − C− group in acetaldehyde it undergoes iodoform reaction by giving yellow ppt.
O

||

with NaOH/I2, while benzaldehyde does not show this (iodoform) test due to the absence of C H 3 − C− group.
C H3 − C − H + 2N aOI → HC OON a + C H I3 ↓ + 2N aOH
Y ellow ppt

|| NaOI

C6 H5 − C − H −−−→ No yellow ppt. of CHI3

b. Propanone gives iodoform test with NaOHI/I2 and gives yellow ppt. of CHI3 while propanol does not give this
test.
35. Answer the following questions:
i. Alloys are homogeneous solid solutions of two or more metals.
ii. 1-Chloro-2-phenylethane
iii. CrO3, pyridine, and HCl (Pyridinium chlorochromate, PCC) in CH2C12. PCC is very specific to oxidize alcoholic
group to aldehyde.
iv. Hinsberg's reagent (Benzenesulphonyl chloride, C6H5SO2Cl.
v. α - amino acids are connected by peptide linkage.

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