QUARTER 3 SUMMATIVE EXAMINATION IN SCIENCE 10

NAME: _________________________ GRADE & SECTION: _______________

Encircle the letter of the best answer. STRICTLY NO ERASURE.

1. Which of the following is true about progesterone and estrogen?

A. During menstruation progesterone is high and estrogen is low.
B. During follicular phase estrogen is high and progesterone is low.
C. During ovulation both progesterone and estrogen are low.
D. All are correct.

2. The secretory phase of the uterine cycle begins after ovulation when the ruptured
Graafian follicle develops into the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum produces
progesterone which causes the endometrium to begin secreting various
substances that make the uterus more receptive to the implantation of a fertilized
ovum. At which phase of the Menstrual cycle does the secretory phase occur?
A Luteal Phase C. Follicular Phase.
B. Ovulatory Phase D. Menstrual Phase

3. A couple is undergoing fertility treatments, and the doctor suggests analyzing the
sperm for abnormalities. How are you going to explain the significance of the
epididymis in the male reproductive system, detailing its role in sperm maturation
and storage?
A. The epididymis is a coiled tube located on the back of each testicle.
B. The epididymis transported the mature sperm to the vas deferens.
C. The epididymis transports mature sperm from the testicles to the urethra
during ejaculation.
D. The epididymis is where sperm undergo crucial changes, gaining motility and
the ability to fertilize an egg.

4. In the regulation of physiological processes, feedback mechanisms play a crucial

role, encompassing both positive and negative feedback. Which statement
accurately describes the feedback regulation during different phases of the
menstrual cycle?
A. Near the end of the follicular phase, positive feedback occurs with elevated
estrogen acting as an inducer of LH secretion by the anterior pituitary.
B. During the luteal phase, the presence of estrogen and progesterone results in
positive feedback, influencing both FSH and LH secretion.
C. Positive feedback induces the anterior pituitary to release increased amounts of
FSH and LH.
D. In the ovulatory phase, negative feedback is observed, where high estrogen
levels inhibit the secretion of both FSH.

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5. Some hormones are regulated by a negative feedback mechanism while others are
regulated by a positive feedback mechanism. Which of the following operate on a
negative feedback mechanism and positive feedback mechanism respectively?
A. Parathyroid hormones and Insulin C. Prolactin and oxytocin
B. Insulin and oxytocin D. FSH and LH

6. What do you call the genetic mutation that causes a codon that should code for a
specific amino acid to be changed into a stop codon?
A. a chromosomal mutation C. a frameshift mutation
B. a nonsense mutation D. a silent mutation.

7. As adolescents transition through puberty, a significant phase marking the physical

onset of adulthood, their bodies undergo transformative changes. What specific
physiological alterations occur in males and females during puberty, and what are
the primary hormonal triggers behind these changes?
A. Testosterone in males and estrogen in females increases, leading to
secondary sexual characteristics such as facial hair and breast development.
B. The pituitary gland releases luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH), stimulating the production of sex hormones.
C. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) levels rise, influencing the growth spurt and
the development of skeletal and muscular systems.
D. Genetics and family history play a role in determining the timing and extent
of puberty-related changes.

8. Picture yourself outdoors on a hot summer day or in a chilly winter breeze. In these
contrasting conditions, your body instinctively responds to maintain a stable internal
temperature of about 98.6°F (37°C). How does the human body achieve this
balance?
A. By relying on external sources for temperature control
B. By sweating to cool down and shivering to generate warmth
C. Through changes in blood vessel diameter to alter blood flow
D. A combination of sweating, shivering, and blood vessel adjustments.

9. In protein synthesis, amino acids activate by binding to specific transfer RNA

(tRNA) molecules. Ribosomes subsequently assemble these activated amino
acids into a sequence specified by messenger RNA (mRNA), transcribed from the
DNA template. What is the precise role of tRNA during translation?
A. Transport ribosomes to the location of protein synthesis.
B. Break apart mRNA and send it back to the nucleus for reuse.
C. Bond to open the DNA strand to transport the genetic code for protein synthesis
out of the nucleus.
D. Facilitate the accurate placement of amino acids onto mRNA, contributing to
the formation of the protein chain.

10. Genetic mutations give rise to distinct versions of genes known as alleles,
introducing subtle variations in DNA sequences that contribute to the uniqueness
of everyone. These genetic differences manifest in various aspects such as hair

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 color, skin tone, height, body shape, behavior, and susceptibility to diseases. How
do mutations contribute to genetic variation?
A. Altering the organism's appearance
B. Influencing the organism's behavior
C. Modifying the organism's reproductive processes
D. Making random changes in an organism's genetic code

11. Imagine you're examining a DNA sequence crucial for a protein's formation. A
frameshift mutation, resulting from the insertion or deletion of nucleotides, alters
the reading frame. In this scenario, how many nucleotides need to be inserted or
deleted to induce a frameshift mutation?
A. 9 B. 3 C. 6 D. 4

12. Imagine you are a paleontologist exploring two distinct species: one with wings
adapted for flight, and another with similar-looking wings adapted for swimming.
In the context of evolutionary evidence, what distinguishes these wing structures?
A. Analogous structures, implying shared genetic origins
B. Analogous structures, suggesting convergent evolution.
C. Homologous structures, indicating a common ancestry.
D. Homologous structures, signifying adaptation to different environments.

13. The forelimbs of vertebrates, like the

ones pictured here, are similar in
terms of the number of bones and the
orientation of bones. How does
comparing homologous structures
provide evidence of evolution,
specifically with regards to the
similarity in forelimbs among
vertebrates?"
A. Homologous structures can't be
used as evidence for evolution.
B. Homologous structures illustrate that different species evolve at different rates.
C. The similarity in anatomical structures among animals can demonstrate
adaptation to changing environments
D. The presence of genes for the body plan and forelimb layout in a common
ancestral species shared by all vertebrates supports the idea of evolution.

14. Lamarck suggested that giraffes developed long necks through individuals
stretching to reach higher branches, passing on this acquired trait. In contrast,
Darwin's natural selection proposed that giraffes with naturally longer necks had
a survival advantage, leading to the prevalence of this trait in the population over
time. How do Lamarck's and Darwin's views differ concerning the inheritance of
acquired characteristics?
A. Darwin and Lamarck both supported the inheritance of acquired traits.
B. Darwin did not address the inheritance of acquired traits, while Lamarck
emphasized it.
C. Lamarck proposed that acquired traits are inherited; Darwin rejected this idea.
D. Both Darwin and Lamarck rejected the idea of acquired traits being inherited.

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15. Over time, Darwin began to wonder if species from South America had reached
the Galapagos and then changed as they adapted to new environments. This
idea—that species could change over time—eventually led to Darwin's theory of
evolution by natural selection in the Galápagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed
that______________________.
A. species exactly like those found in South America.
B. completely unrelated species on each of the islands.
C. species completely unrelated to those found in South America.
D. somewhat similar species, with traits that suited their environments.
16. Darwin and Wallace both realized that most species produce many more offspring
than is necessary to maintain a constant population. What is the fate of the excess
individuals?
A. Evolution kills them off.
B. The fittest individuals survive and reproduce.
C. They evolve to take advantage of natural selection.
D. They mutate and then can adapt to the new environment.
17. A feedback mechanism is a physiological regulation system in a living body that
works to return the body to its normal internal state, commonly known as
homeostasis. In nature, feedback mechanisms can be found in a variety of
environments and animal types, how do Negative Feedback Loops affect the
body?
A. Negative feedback amplifies processes
B. Negative feedback is found only in plants
C. Negative feedback is initiated during childbirth
D. Negative feedback prevents small changes from getting larger
18. Inversions result in ____________.
A. More than one copy of each gene on a chromosome
B. The breakage and movement of chromosome fragments
C. The formation of many copies of a specific region of the affected chromosome
D. Segments of DNA being released from a chromosome are then re-inserted in
the opposite orientation.
19. Which of the following is an example of how the fossil record provides evidence
for evolution?
A. The observation of bacterial resistance to antibiotics over time suggests that
they are evolving to adapt to their environment.
B. The presence of similar bone structures in the forelimbs of various vertebrates
suggests that they have a common ancestor.
C. The comparison of DNA sequences in different organisms provides insight into
their evolutionary relationships.
D. The discovery of transitional fossils, such as Archaeopteryx, shows the gradual
evolution of birds from reptiles.
20. Which of the following statements best explains the Theory of Natural Selection?
A. Organisms develop desirable structures to survive in each environment.
B. Acquired characteristics of parents can be passed on to offspring.
C. Organs that are not used may disappear, while organs that are constantly used
may develop.
D. In nature, the organisms with desirable characteristics may survive, while those
with weaker traits may not.