Loknete Hon.

Hanmantrao Patil Charitable Trust’s

ADARSH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH
CENTRE ,VITA
MSBTE- 0991

THIRD SEMESTER
(Year: 2023-24)

Micro Project

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(22319)

Title of the Project: "NORMALIZATION".

Branch: Computer Technology (CM3I)

Members of the Group:

Sr
No. Member Name Roll No
1 Ritesh Rajkumar Deshmukh 2161
2 MohammadAbbas Imtiyaz Dange 2162
3 Sanika Hemant Godse 2163
4 Shahista Umar Shaikh 2164
5 Sabiya Younus Shaikh 2165
6 Sanika Dinkar Patil 2166

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI

 MICRO PROJECT

Progress Report / Weekly Report

Title of project: NORMALIZATION
Course: DBMS(22319) Project: Computer Technology(CM31)
Week Date Duration Work/Activity Performed Sign of
No in Hrs. the
Faculty
1

10

11

12

13

14

15
 Teacher Evaluation Sheet for Micro Project

Course Title and Code: DBMS (22319)

Title of project: NORMALIZATION

Group No:13

COs addressed by the Micro Project:

COa: - Design Normalized database on given Data.

COb: - Create and Manage Database
COc: -
COd: -
COe: -
COf: -

Marks:-
Marks for Marks obtained
Group by the Total
Roll no Name of student Work (06) individual Marks
based on viva (10)
(04)
2161 Ritesh Rajkumar Deshmukh
2162 MohammadAbbas Imtiyaz
Dange
2163 Sanika Hemant Godse
2164 Shahista Umar Shaikh
2165 Sabiya Younus Shaikh
2166 Sanika Dinkar Patil

Name and designation of Faculty Member: Ms.P.S.Pawar.

Lecturer (Computer Technology Department)
Signature:
 Loknete Hon. Hanmantrao Patil Charitable Trust’s
ADARSH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND
RESEARCH CENTRE ,VITA

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that he micro project report entitled
“NORMALIZATION”

Submitted by

Sr.No Name of student Roll No

1 Ritesh Rajkumar Deshmukh 2161
2 MohammadAbbas Imtiyaz Dange 2162
3 Sanika Hemant Godse 2163
4 Shahista Umar Shaikh 2164
5 Sabiya Younus Shaikh 2165
6 Sanika Dinkar Patil 2166

For Third Semester of Diploma in Computer Technology of course Database Management

System (22319) for academic year 2023-24 as per MSBTE, Mumbai curriculum of ‘I’ scheme.

DIPLOMA OFENGINEERING
(Computer Technology)

SUBMITTED TO
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
MUMBAI ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-24

Project Guide H.O.D. Principal

Ms.P.S.Pawar. Prof.A.A.Vankudre Dr.P.S.Patil
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my sincere gratitude to Ms.P.S.Pawar, Department of Computer

Technology, for his/her stimulating guidance, continuous encouragement and supervision
throughout the course of present work.

I would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to

Prof.A.A.Vankudre HOD- Department of Computer Technology, for his generous
guidance, help and useful suggestions.

I am extremely thankful to Principal Dr.P.S.Patil for this motivation and providing

me infrastructural facilities to work in, without which this work would not have been
possible.

I would like to express my gratitude to all my colleagues for their support, co-
operation and fruitful discussions on diverse seminar topics and technical help.

Sr.No Name of student Roll No Sign

1 Ritesh Rajkumar Deshmukh 2161

2 MohammadAbbas Imtiyaz Dange 2162

3 Sanika Hemant Godse 2163

4 Shahista Umar Shaikh 2164

5 Sabiya Younus Shaikh 2165

6 Sanika Dinkar Patil 2166

 INDEX

Sr. No Title Page No

1 Introduction

2 Types OF Normalization

3 Need of Normalization

4 Anomalies

5 1st Normalization Form

6 2nd Normalization Form

7 3rd Normalization Form

8 Conclusion

9 References

4
 1“INTRODUCTION TO
NORMALIZATION”

“It is a database design technique which is used to organize the tables in sucha
manner that it should reduce redundancy and dependence of data.
It divides large tables in small tables.
And links the smaller tables using their relationship.
Normalization is a process in which data attributes within a data model are
organized to increase the cohesion of entity types. In other words, the goal of
data normalization is to reduce and even eliminate data redundancy, an
important consideration for application developers because it is incredibly
difficult to stores objects in a relational database that maintains the same

information in several places.”

5
 2.“TYPES OF NORMALIZATION”

 1st Normalization Form.(1NF)

 2nd Normalization Form.(2NF)
 3rd Normalization Form.(3NF)
 Boyce-codd Normalization Form.

6
 3.NEED OF NORMALIZATION

 Data Redundancy:-
Data should not be redundant, which means that the duplication of data should be kept to a minimum for
several reasons. For example, it is unnecessary to store an employee's home address in more than one
table. With duplicate data, unnecessary space is used. Confusion is always a threat when, for instance, an
address for an employee in one table does not match theaddress of the same employee in another table.
Which table is correct? Do you have documentation to verify the employee's current address? As if data
management were not difficult enough, redundancy of data could prove to be a disaster.

 There are two primary needs of having a highly normalized data schema:-

 Increased consistency:- Information is stored in one place and one place

only,reducing the possibility of inconsistent data.
 Easier object-to-data mapping.:- Highly-normalized data schemas in general are
closer conceptually to object-oriented schemas because the object-oriented goals
of promoting high cohesion and loose coupling between classes results in similar
solutions

(at least from a data point of view).

 Normalization provides numerous benefits to a database. Some

of themajor benefits include the following :
 Greater overall database organization

 Reduction of redundant data

 Data consistency within the database

 A much more flexible database design

 A better handle on database security

7
 4.Anomalies in DBMS
There are three types of anomalies that occur when the database is not normalized. These
are –Insertion, update and deletion anomaly. Let’s take an example to understand this.

Update anomaly: In the above table we have two rows for employee Rick as he belongs to two
departments of the company. If we want to update the address of Rick then we have to update the
same in two rows or the data will become inconsistent. If somehow, the correct address gets
updatedin one department but not in other then as per the database, Rick would be having two
different addresses, which is not correct and would lead to inconsistent data.

Insert anomaly: Suppose a new employee joins the company, who is under training and currently
not assigned to any department then we would not be able to insert the data into the table if
emp_deptfield doesn’t allow nulls.

Delete anomaly: Suppose, if at a point of time the company closes the department D890 then
deleting the rows that are having emp_dept as D890 would also delete the information of
employeeMaggie since she is assigned only to this department.

To overcome these anomalies we need to normalize the data. In the next section we will discuss
about normalization.

8
 5. 1ST NORMALIZARTION FORM

If a relation contain composite or multi-valued attribute, it violates first normal form or a relation is in first
normal form if it does not contain any composite or multi-valued attribute. A relation is in first normal form if
every attribute in that relation is singled valued attribute.

1NF DATABASE FOR HOSPITAL

9
 6. 2ND NORMALIZED FORM
A database is in second normal form if it satisfies the following conditions:

 It is in first normal form

 All non-key attributes are fully functional dependent on the primary key

In a table, if attribute B is functionally dependent on A, but is not functionally dependent on a

proper subset of A, then B is considered fully functional dependent on A. Hence, in a 2NF table,
all non-key attributes cannot be dependent on a subset of the primary key. Note that if the
primary key is not a composite key, all non-key attributes are always fully functional dependent
on the primary key. A table that is in 1st normal form and contains only a single key as the
primary key is automatically in 2nd normal form.

2 NF DATABASE FOR COLLEGE

10
 7. 3RD NORMALIZED FORM

Third normal form (3NF) is a normal form that is used in normalizing a database design to reduce the duplication of data
and ensure referential integrity by ensuring that:-
(1) the entity is in second normal form
(2) all the attributes in a table are determined only by the candidate keys of that relation and not by any non-prime attributes.
3NF was designed to improve database processing while minimizing storage costs. 3NF data modeling was ideal for online
transaction processing (OLTP) applications with heavy order entry type of needs.[1]

11
Boyce-Cod Normal Form (BCNF)

Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) is one of the forms of database normalization. A databasetable is in BCNF
if and only if there are no non-trivial functional dependencies of attributes on anything other than a
superset of a candidate key.
BCNF is also sometimes referred to as 3.5NF, or 3.5 Normal Form.
BCNF was developed by Raymond Boyce and E.F. Codd; the latter is widely considered thefather of relational
database design.

BCNF is really an extension of 3rd Normal Form (3NF). For this reason it is frequently
termed 3.5NF. 3NF states that all data in a table must depend only on that table’s primary key,and not on
any other field in the table. At first glance it would seem that BCNF and 3NF are the same thing. However, in
some rare cases it does happen that a 3NF table is not BCNF- compliant. This may happen in tables with two
or more overlapping composite candidate keys.

12
 8.Conclusion

With the help of data normalization the data can be modified in the database like forinserting,updating,
deleting the data. Vince’s ware house has large no.of items that needs to beentered intothe database.
The data present in warehouse has huge amount of denormalized data and this data.

13
 9.References

 https://www.google.co.in/search?biw=1366&bih=608&ei=-
y3EW9XwK4z5vAThoaj4AQ&q=conclusion+for+normalization&oq=conclusion+
for+normaliza&gs_l=psy-
ab.3.0.0i22i30k1l4.2095.6646.0.8454.24.24.0.0.0.0.259.2371.6j14j1.21.0. . .0.
1.1.64.p
sy-ab..3.21.2369...0j0i67k1j0i131k1.0.rvmkULPDM4Q
 https://www.coursehero.com/file/p4bakqm/Conclusion-With-the-help-of-data-
normalization-the-data-can-be-modified-in-the/
 https://www.google.co.in/search?biw=1366&bih=608&ei=Dy3EW9D7OcSR9QOW
j7zAAg&q=3NF+DATABASE+&oq=3NF+DATABASE+&gs_l=psy-
ab.3..0l4j0i22i30k1l6.14954.14954.0.15297.1.1.0.0.0.0.98.98.1.1.0....0...1.1.64.psy-
ab..0.1.97...0.e0h2xRZnve8

14