2020A/L

01. Xa;tpYs;s miy Kjnyhd;wpdhy; (sorce) gpwg;gpf;fg;gLk; miyfis Xa;tpYs;s mtjhdp

(observer) mtjhdpf;Fk; NghJ mtw;wpd; ,aw;if mjpHntz;zpiyNa mtjhdpg;ghH.
Mdhy; mtjhdpf;Fk; (observer) miyKjYf;FkpilNa rhHgpaf;fKs;sNghJ mtjhdp
mtjhdpf;Fk; mjpHntz; miyKjypdhy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gLk; mjpHntz;zpypUe;J NtWglyhk;.
,t;thW mjpHntz; NtWgLk; Njhw;wg;ghL njhg;sH tpisT vdg;gLk;. ,t;tpisthdJ
kUj;Jtj;JiwapYk; ifj;njhopy; JiwapYk; ngUk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.
(a) mjpUk; Nkw;gug;gpw;F mUNf epiyahd xypKjy; / czup itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. xyp
Kjy; xypr;iriffis Nkw;gug;ig Nehf;fp mDg;Gfpd;wJ. mjpUk;; Nkw;gug;gpypUe;J
njwpj;j irifahdJ czupapdhy; czug;gLfpd;wJ. czupahdJ xyp Kjypdhy;
fhyg;gLfpd;w miyfspdhYk; Nkw;gug;gpypUe;J njwpj;j gpd;dH fpilf;Fk;
miyfspdhYk; cz;lhf;fg;gLk; mbg;Gfspd; kPbwidj; JzpaTk; jf;fJ. tspapy;
xypapd; fjp> Kjypdhy; fhyg;gLk; xyp miyfspd; kPbwd; Mfpad KiwNa u, f0
MFk;.
i. Nkw;gug;G xyp KjypypUe;J tpyj;jp fjp v apy; ,aq;Fk;NghJ Nkw;gug;gpy;
mtjhdpf;fpd;wthW kPbwd; f1 ,w;fhd xU Nfhitia v,f0,u Mfpatw;wpd; rhHgpy;
vOJf.
ii. NkNy (a)(i) ,y; tptupj;j epiyikf;F czupapdhy; msf;fg;gLk; kPbwd; f2
,w;fhd xUNfhitia v,f0,u Mfpatw;wpd; rhHgpy; vOJf.
iii. NkNy ; (a)(ii) ,y; ngw;w ckJ Nfhitfisg; gad;gLj;jp v << u Mf ,Uf;Fk;

NghJ czupapdhy; msf;fg;gLk; mbg;G kPbwd; 2 f 0 v vdf;fhl;Lf.

u
(b) fopnahyp kdpj clypd; cs; mikg;G gw;wpa jfty;fis mwpa gad;gLfpwJ.;
tapw;wpy; cs;s rpR xd;wpd; ,jaj;Jbg;ig Muha;tjw;F ,jaj;ij Nehf;fp
xypKjypdhy; 15MHz mjph;ntz;Zila fopnahyp nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ. mJ
,jaNkw;gug;gpypUe;J njwpg;gile;j gpd;dh; me;j miyfis czhpahdJ
xypKjypdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l mjph;ntz;zpYk; 2kHz mjpfkhd mjph;ntz;Zld;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpwJ.
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i. kdpj nky;ypioaj;jpy; fopnahypapd; Ntfk; ngUk;ghYk; khwpypahf ,Uf;Fk;
mNj Ntis mjd; ngWkhdk; 1500ms-1 MFk;. nky;ypioaj;jpy; nrYj;jg;gl;l
fopnahypapd; miyePsk; ahJ
ii. ,q;F mjph;ntz; $ba fopnahyp gad;gLj;jpajhy; Vw;gLk; ed;ik xd;W jUf
iii. Nkw;$wpa re;jh;g;gj;jpy;; ,jaj;jpd; Nkw;gug;G mirAk; Ntfk; ahJ? ,J
XypKjiy Nehf;fp mire;Js;sjh my;yJ tpyj;jp mire;Js;sjh?

(c) rpy caphpdq;fs; jkJ nraw;ghLfSf;F njhg;shpd;

;tpisit gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd cjhuzkhf
ntsthy;fs; vjpnuhypfisg; gad;ggLj;Jtjd;
%yk; ,uT elkhl;lj;jpd; NghJ #oiyg; gw;wpAk;
jkJ ghijapy; cs;s jilfisAk;
mwpe;Jnfhs;tJld; jkf;fhd czTfspd;
,Ug;gplj;ij mwpe;J mtw;iwf; ifg;gw;wf;$ba
tifapYk; ,irthf;fk; ngw;w GyDzHT
mikg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;litahf tpsq;Ffpd;wd
(tspapy; xypapd; Ntfk; 330ms-1)
i. ntsthy; gpwg;gpf;Fk; xypapd; nrwptpYk; ghHf;f czug;gLk; vjpnuhypapd; nrwpT
ve;jnthU re;jHg;gj;jpYk; FiwthfNt ,Uf;Fk;. ,jw;F VJthf ,Uf;ff; $ba
fhuzk; xd;W jUf
ii. Fif xd;wpDs; ,Uf;Fk; ntsthy; xypiag;gpwg;gpj;J njhlH vjpnuhypifis
mtjhdpf;fpwJ. Nfl;f Muk;gpf;Fk; vjpnuhypahdJ xyp gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;L 0.1s ,y;
mtjhdpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ntsthypw;Fk; Fifapd; RtUf;Fk; ,ilapyhd FWfpa
J}uk; ahJ?
iii. xa;tpYs;s epiyahd ntsthy; xypia gpwg;gpf;fpwJ. g+r;rpahdJ ,t;
ntsthiy Nehf;fp 10ms-1 khwhf;fjpapy; gwf;fpwJ. g+r;rpapy; gl;Lj;njwpg;gilAk;
vjpnuhypapd; mjphntz;iz ; 70kHz vd ntsthy; czh;fpwJ vdpd; ntsthy;
gpwg;gpf;Fk; xypapd; mjpHntz; ahJ?

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01. When a stationary observer observes the waves produced by a stationary source, he observes the in
natural frequency of them. But when there is relative motion between the observer and the source,
the frequency observed by the observer may vary from the frequency produced by the source. The
variation of the frequency like this is called as Doppler’s effect. This effect has made a huge impact
in the medical field and industrial field.
(b) Stationary sound source and sensor are placed near a vibrating surface. The sound source sends
the sound signals towards the vibrating surface. The signal reflected from the vibrating surface
is sensed by the sensor. The sensor is also capable of determining the beat frequency formed by
the waves emitted by the sound source and the waves obtained after reflecting from the surface.
The speed of sound in the air and the frequency of the sound emitted by the source are u and f0
respectively.
i. When the surface is moving away from the sound source in v speed, write an expression
for the frequency observed in the surface f1 in terms of v, f0 and u.
ii. Write an expression for the frequency sensed by the sensor f2 for the state explained in
(a) (i) above.
iii. By using the expressions obtained in (a) (ii) above, show that the beat frequency

measured by the sensor when v<<u as 2 f 0 v .

u
(c) Ultrasound is used to know the information about the internal human body. Ultrasound of
15MHz frequency is sent towards the heart to find the heartbeat of the fetus inside the womb.
After it is reflected from the heart surface, the sensor get that waves in 2kHz greater frequency
than the waves produced by the source.
i. The velocity of the ultrasound in the soft tissues of the human is mostly constant and that
value is 1500ms-1. What is the wavelength of the ultrasound sent in the soft tissue?
ii. Give one advantage of using ultrasound of high frequency here.
iii. In the above mentioned instance, what is the moving velocity of the heart surface? Whether
it is moved towards or away from the sound source?

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(d) Some organisms use Doppler’s effect for their processes.

For example, by using the ultrasound bats know about
the environment and the resistances on its path when
they are traveling in nights and they are adapted to find
the location of their prey and to capture them. They also
have special sensory structures adapted for this.
(Velocity of sound in air is 330ms-1)
i. The intensity of the sensed echo sound by the bat is always lesser than the intensity of the
sound produced by the bat. Give one reason for this.
ii. A bat in the cave generates the sound and it observes the continuous echoes. The echo
which is started to observe is observed in 0.1s after the sound is generated. What is the
least distance between the bat and the wall of the cave?
iii. A stationary bat at rest produces sound. An insect flies towards the bat in 10ms-1 constant
speed. If the bat senses the frequency of the echo reflected from the insect surface as
70kHz, then what is the frequency of the sound produced by the bat?

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