Human safety

Mechanical vibration

DA 258-267 p.

Lecturer – Kristina Zdanytė

1
Mechanical vibration (vibration) - solid-state
repetitive movements of the equilibrium
position.
Mechanical vibrations are described by:
• Intensity
•Direction
•Frequency

The vibrations caused by various hand tools,

compressors, vehicles, pneumatic tools,
electric drills, hammers, grinding equipment,
agricultural machinery. 2
MECHANICAL VIBRATION AFFECTS:
VIBRATIONS CAN BE: • thrust - the movement
• Periodicals of apparatus,
• Aperiodic • cardio - vascular
• Accidental system,
• the central nervous
system.

Vibration called and 1-16 Hz infrasonic and audio-

frequency fluctuations.
In practice, often there is a 20-200Hz frequency
vibration.
Tactile sensation a man feels up to 8000 Hz frequency
vibration.
3
• The most dangerous vibrations having a
frequency close to the human body's own
oscillation frequencies, resonance occurs
(sudden increase in amplitude).
• Standing man has two resonance zones 5-12
Hz and 17-25 Hz.
• Sitting - 4-6 Hz in the vertical direction and 1-2
Hz in the horizontal direction.
• The individual parts of the body has its own
resonant frequencies, for example., head-
shoulders F = 20-30 Hz, eyeballs 60-80 Hz.
4
 Lasting and intense vibrations may
cause vibrational professional disease.
Vibration signs of disease:
• numbness of hands or feet,
• accelerated body tiredness,
• dizziness,
• frequent and severe headaches,
• hands and head shaking,
• weakening of visually.

5
 Affecting human vibration classification:

• by transfer to a person the way it is intended:

Hand-arm vibration - transferred into the
hands of the employee harmful to the health
and safety, mechanical vibrations, especially
cause the blood vessels, bones, joints,
muscles, and neurological damage.
Whole-body vibration - transmitted to the
whole body harmful to the health and safety of
mechanical vibrations, especially cause lower
back morbidity and spinal injury.
6
• by the direction of whole-body vibration is
divided orthogonal coordinate system axes
directions:
- vertical passing their feet (or bottom)
towards the head (Z axis);
- horizontal, passing from the back to the
chest (X-axis);
- horizontal, passing from the right side of
the body to the left (y-axis).

7
8
acting under the direction of the hands of
vibration divided orthogonal coordinate
system axes directions:
• Xr axis of palm;
• Zr axis parallel to the axis of the forearm and
the plane, which consists Xr axis and adding
strength or direction of transmission;
• Yr axis parallel to the vibration source intake
point axis.
9
10
 Assessment and rationing
The most important physical parameters:
• vibration intensity
• frequency
• direction
• time (exposure time).

11
 Hand-arm vibration risk is assessed

- daily exposure limit value of the calculated

eight-hour working time (not to exceed 5 m/s2);
- daily exposure action value of work in the
process calculated eight-hour working time (not
to exceed 2.5 m/s2).

12
 Whole-body vibration risks are assessed:

• daily exposure limit value of the estimated

eight-hour working time (not to exceed 1.15
m/s2) or vibration dose value (not to exceed 21
m/s1,75);
• daily exposure action value of work in the
process estimated eight-hour working time (not
to exceed 0.5 m/s2) or vibration dose value
(not to exceed 9,1 m/s1,75).

13
• Vibration performance not be exceeded the
value given in the - Protection of workers
from the risks of vibration regulations.
• The assessment methodology given in BS
ISO 2631-1:2004 Whole-body vibration and
ISO 5349-1:2004 Hand-arm vibration.

14
 Vibration risk avoidance and reduction
- Organisational and Technical measures
Organisational measures:
• Using other work techniques to reduce vibration
operation, including shortening workers
exposed to mechanical vibration, hours of
operation and providing additional rest breaks.
• Informing workers about jobs and working tools,
posing a risk of vibration training and safe use
of work equipment.
• Provide workers exposed to mechanical
vibration terms of the clothing designed to
protect against cold and moisture. 15
 Technical measures:
• Using other to minimize vibration measures.
• Change work places upholster and in their
work equipment installation (installation and /
or layout);
• Installation of auxiliary equipment that
reduces vibration performance, such as the
installation of the entire employee body
vibration-reducing seat to hand transmitted
vibration-reducing handles both and other.

16
In practice, most often applied to those
forced vibration reduction methods:
• Vibration reduction at source (variable forces
operating system, reduction);
• Damping - vibration reduction unit elastic connection
to the system additional masses;
• Vibration absorption - vibrating structural elements of
the system of internal friction increasing;
• Vibration isolation - vibration source of vibration
transmitted to the protected object, the level of
reduction in the use of elastic elements.
• Personal protection against vibration
17
 Questions:
• What are the most important physical
parameters of mechanical vibration?
• Vibrations affects: …..?
• Which profession’s people are most
exposed to vibration?

18