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[Source: Adapted from www.biology-resources.com. Copyright 2004–2017 D G Mackean & Ian Mackean. All rights
reserved.]
[1]
Markscheme
A
2. [Maximum mark: 1] 17N.1.HL.TZ0.02
[Source: Adapted from www.biology-resources.com. Copyright 2004–2017 D G Mackean & Ian Mackean. All rights
reserved.]
The salt concentration inside the Paramecium is 1.8 %. The salt concentration in the surrounding medium
suddenly drops to 0.2 %. What will be the likely response?
Markscheme
B
3. [Maximum mark: 1] 17N.1.HL.TZ0.05
Which of the molecules contain peptide bonds or are sugar molecules?
[1]
Markscheme
B
4. [Maximum mark: 1] 17N.1.HL.TZ0.09
A cricket was placed in a respirometer at constant temperature for ten minutes. The soap bubble moved
along the pipette.
C. Oxygen consumption
Markscheme
C
5. [Maximum mark: 1] 17N.1.HL.TZ0.10
The image shows a karyogram.
[1]
Markscheme
D
6. [Maximum mark: 1] 17N.1.HL.TZ0.12
A dominant autosomal allele for lactase persistence allows humans to digest milk as adults. People who lack
this allele are lactose intolerant in adulthood.
If J and K have a child L, what is the probability that L will be lactase persistent?
A. 25 %
B. 50 %
C. 75 %
D. 100 % [1]
Markscheme
A. Type I pneumocytes
B. Type II pneumocytes
Markscheme
A
8. [Maximum mark: 1] 17N.1.HL.TZ0.24
What happens when an action potential reaches motor end plates?
C. Neurotransmitter is released.
Markscheme
[1]
Markscheme
B
10. [Maximum mark: 1] 17N.1.HL.TZ0.26
Some regions of DNA do not code for the production of proteins. What are these regions of DNA used as?
Markscheme
[1]
Markscheme
B
12. [Maximum mark: 1] 17N.1.HL.TZ0.28
Which cell component synthesizes actin and myosin?
A. Free ribosomes
Markscheme
Markscheme
D. RuBP is phosphorylated.
[1]
Markscheme
C
15. [Maximum mark: 0] 17N.1.HL.TZ0.31
The image shows a portion of a cell containing a mitochondrion.
Markscheme
D
16. [Maximum mark: 1] 17N.1.HL.TZ0.32
Agar is a growth medium without nutrients; starch agar is agar with starch added to it. Seed coats were
removed from seeds and the seeds were used to set up the following conditions. Which plant embryo was
unable to grow?
[1]
Markscheme
Markscheme
B
18. [Maximum mark: 1] 17N.1.HL.TZ0.34
Cobalt chloride paper is blue when dry but turns pink with water. Blue cobalt chloride paper was fastened to
the upper and lower surfaces of a plant leaf. After 20 minutes, many small pink dots were observed on the
paper on the lower surface, and a few pink dots were seen on the upper surface. What conclusions can be
drawn?
I. There are more stomata on the lower surface than on the upper surface.
II. Stomata on the upper surface are blocked by the waxy cuticle.
III. More transpiration occurs through the lower surface than through the upper surface.
A. I and II only
Markscheme
Markscheme
A
20. [Maximum mark: 1] 17N.1.HL.TZ0.36
In a plant, dark leaves are dominant to pale leaves and yellow seeds are dominant to white seeds.
A heterozygous dark-leaved plant with yellow seeds was crossed with a pale-leaved plant with white seeds.
A large number of offspring were produced. They were either dark-leaved with yellow seeds or pale-leaved
with white seeds in equal number.
Markscheme
[1]
Markscheme
D
22. [Maximum mark: 1] 17N.1.HL.TZ0.38
Which processes require calcium?
I. Muscle contraction
II. Movement of an action potential along an axon
III. Production of the skeleton of hard corals
A. I and II only
Markscheme
B. One sarcomere
C. One myofibril
Markscheme
B
24. [Maximum mark: 1] 17N.1.HL.TZ0.40
The diagram shows the female reproductive system.
[1]
Markscheme
B
25. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.6
The image shows the structure of the protein hemoglobin
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary [1]
Markscheme
D
26. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.8
In 1882, Engelmann investigated photosynthesis by shining light of varying wavelength on a green alga. He
observed where aerobic bacteria accumulated.
[Source: Republished with permission of Oxford University Press, from Plant Physiology and Development, Sixth Edition by
Lincoln Taiz, Eduardo Zeiger, Ian M. Møller, and Angus Murphy, 2015. Permission conveyed through
Copyright
Clearance Center, Inc.]
Markscheme
B
27. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.9
The diagrams show how monosaccharide molecules are joined to form chains in two polysaccharides.
[Source: Amelse, J. Achieving Net Zero Carbon Dioxide by Sequestering Biomass Carbon. Preprints 2020,
2020070576
(doi: 10.20944/preprints202007.0576.v1). Fig SI9. Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license
Attribution
4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.]
Using the diagram and the table, which diagram and monosaccharide represent glycogen?
[1]
Markscheme
C
28. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.12
Huntington’s disease can develop in middle age and leads to death of brain cells. It is carried by an
autosomal dominant gene. What can be deduced about a man who has the disease?
B. Neither of his parents had the disease, but one must have been a carrier.
D. His sons are more likely to have the disease than his daughters. [1]
Markscheme
C
29. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.13
A nucleus was removed from a cell of sheep P and fused with a denucleated egg cell of sheep Q. This was
transplanted into the uterus of sheep R, which gave birth to Dolly.
[Source: Photo courtesy of The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Scotland, UK, n.d. Dolly
the Sheep
in a field at The Roslin Institute. [image online] Available at: https://www.livescience.com/57961-dolly-the-
sheepannouncement-
20-year-anniversary.html [Accessed 23 March 2020].]
A. A clone of sheep P, because Dolly was formed from the nucleus of its udder cell
B. A clone of sheep Q, because Dolly was formed from one of its egg cells
D. Not a proper clone, as more than one sheep was involved in the development [1]
Markscheme
A
30. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.16
The diagram shows the carbon flux in gigatonnes per year between some of the Earth’s global reservoirs.
[Source: Figure 7.3 and Table 7.1 from Denman, K.L., G. Brasseur, A. Chidthaisong, P. Ciais, P.M. Cox, R.E.
Dickinson, D.
Hauglustaine, C. Heinze, E. Holland, D. Jacob, U. Lohmann, S Ramachandran, P.L. da Silva Dias, S.C. Wofsy and
X. Zhang, 2007: Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System and Biogeochemistry. In: Climate Change
2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B.
Averyt,
M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY,
USA.]
C. Every day, more carbon is removed from the ocean than is added.
Markscheme
B
31. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.23
The diagram shows a cross section through the small intestine of a mammal. Which label points to the
mucosa?
[Source: JOSE LUIS CALVO MARTIN & JOSE ENRIQUE GARCIA-MAURIÑO MUZQUIZ / www.istockphoto.com.] [1]
Markscheme
B
32. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.24
The image shows the four chambers of the mammalian heart viewed from the ventral side. The sinoatrial
node is located in the wall of one of these chambers. Which chamber is it?
[Source: Anatomy Corner, n.d. [Elk heart]. [image online] Available at: http://anatomycorner.com/main/image-
gallery/elk-heart/
[Accessed 23 March 2020].] [1]
Markscheme
A
33. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.25
Leptin is a hormone which initiates the process to reduce food intake. What is the location of the glands that
produce leptin and where are its target cells found?
[1]
Markscheme
D
34. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.26
Rosalind Franklin produced X-ray diffraction images of DNA.
Which previously unknown aspect of DNA was deduced from these images?
Markscheme
A. Order of genes
B. Sequence of nucleotides
C. Methylation pattern
Markscheme
C
36. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.28
What is the primary function of the free ribosomes shown in the electron micrograph?
[Source: J Gordon Betts, et al. Anatomy and Physiology. Houston Texas: OpenStax, 2013. https://openstax.org/books/
anatomy-and-physiology/pages/3-2-the-cytoplasm-and-cellular-organelles. Image file available at
https://commons.
wikimedia.org/wiki/File:0313_Endoplasmic_Reticulum.jpg#/media/File:0313_Endoplasmic_Reticulum_b_labeled.
png. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.
https://creativecommons.org/
licenses/by/3.0/deed.en.]
Markscheme
A
37. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.29
Some bacteria can synthesize the amino acid isoleucine from threonine, a process involving five enzymes (E1
to E5) and four intermediary products (P, Q, R and S). The production of isoleucine is controlled by end-
product inhibition.
Markscheme
C. From the matrix of the mitochondrion to the space between the membranes
D. From the space between the membranes to the cytoplasm outside the mitochondrion [1]
Markscheme
C
39. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.31
The diagram shows some of the intermediate compounds produced during the Calvin cycle. At what stage
does carboxylation take place?
[1]
Markscheme
C
40. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.32
A plant is allowed to photosynthesize in an atmosphere containing radioactive 14C. Where in the plant stem
would radioactive sugars be found?
Markscheme
B
41. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.33
The diagram shows a plant shoot and the direction of the light which the shoot received.
What are the direction of movement and the effect of auxin in the tip of a plant shoot when receiving light
from one side?
[1]
Markscheme
C
42. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.34
The graph shows how the mass of a bean seed from which all water has been removed (dry mass) changes
during germination.
A. The plant loses more water during period X than during period Y.
C. During period Y, more CO2 is fixed in photosynthesis than is released by cell respiration.
D. The seeds were not exposed to the correct temperature for germination during period X. [1]
Markscheme
C
43. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.35
A dihybrid cross was carried out between two plants to determine whether the genes for seed shape and
colour are linked. If the genes are unlinked, the expected ratio of 9:3:3:1 should occur. A chi-squared test was
carried out on the observed results of the cross. The critical value for chi squared at the 5 % level of
significance in this test was 7.82. The calculated value for chi squared was 6.25. What can be concluded from
this data?
Markscheme
D
44. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.36
The graph shows the relationship between mass at birth and the percentage that die shortly after birth for
Scottish Blackface lambs.
[Source: Dwyer, C.M., Conington, J., Corbiere, F., Holmoy, I.H., Muri, K., Nowak, R., Rooke, J., Vipond, J. and
Gautier,
J.-M., 2016. Invited review: Improving neonatal survival in small ruminants: science into practice. Animal, 10(3),
pp. 449–459.]
B. Stabilizing selection, as lambs with low or high birth mass are less likely to survive
C. Directional selection, as lambs with a high birth mass have high mortality
D. There is no evidence in the graph of selection, as survival frequency is not shown [1]
Markscheme
B
45. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.37
The diagram shows a method for the production of monoclonal antibodies.
[Source: Adenosine, March 5, 2010. A general representation of the method used to produce monoclonal
antibodies. [online]
Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody (CC BY-SA 3.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/
by-sa/3.0/deed.en [Accessed 27 March 2020]. Adapted.]
[1]
Markscheme
A
46. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.38
The image shows part of a myofibril from a relaxed muscle fibre.
Markscheme
C
47. [Maximum mark: 1] 21N.1.HL.TZ1.39
Where in the nephron is most glucose reabsorbed?
[Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, n.d. [Nephron]. [diagram online]
Available at:
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/news/media-library/9164 [Accessed 23 March 2020].] [1]
Markscheme
B
48. [Maximum mark: 1] 21M.1.HL.TZ1.2
The images show samples of red blood cells that were placed in different concentrations of salt solutions.
A. Active transport
B. Exocytosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Osmosis [1]
Markscheme
D
49. [Maximum mark: 1] 21M.1.HL.TZ1.3
The images show samples of red blood cells that were placed in different concentrations of salt solutions.
B. Solution 1
C. Solution 2
D. Solution 3 [1]
Markscheme
B
50. [Maximum mark: 1] 21M.1.HL.TZ1.8
The graph shows the progress of the same enzyme-controlled reaction at two different temperatures.
C. The lower the temperature, the slower the rate of the reaction
Markscheme
C
51. [Maximum mark: 1] 21M.1.HL.TZ1.10
The graph shows atmospheric oxygen levels over time.
About 2.5 billion years ago, a significant rise in atmospheric oxygen occurred. What was the cause of this
rise?
C. Oxygen produced by photosynthetic bacteria being released from the ocean into the atmosphere
Markscheme
C
52. [Maximum mark: 1] 21M.1.HL.TZ1.18
A fluid sample is taken from the digestive tract of a mammal. The sample is basic (alkaline) and able to digest
starch and proteins. From which part of the digestive tract was the fluid taken?
A. Mouth
B. Stomach
C. Small intestine
Markscheme
Markscheme
A. Active transport
B. Simple diffusion
C. Facilitated diffusion
Markscheme
B
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