Topic 1 MC

Topic 1 MC [90 marks]
1. [Maximum mark: 1] 21M.1.SL.TZ1.1

In mammals, mature red blood cells are specialized in that they lack nuclei, mitochondria or ribosomes. Which
statement applies to red blood cells?
A. No chemical reactions take place within their cytoplasm.
B. They cannot produce new enzymes.
C. Materials cannot enter red blood cells.
D. Materials cannot exit red blood cells. [1]

What do chloroplasts and mitochondria have in common?
A. Both are found in the cells of Filicinophyta.
B. Both contain grana.
C. Both occur in all eukaryotic cells.
D. Both are found in a Paramecium. [1]

The Davson–Danielli model of membrane structure proposed that membranes were composed of a phospholipid
bilayer that lies between two layers of globular proteins, as shown in this diagram.
[Source: Cornell, B. 2016. https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-1-cell-biology/13-membrane-

structure/membrane-models.html]
What evidence supported this model?
A. An electron micrograph that showed two dark lines with a lighter band in between
B. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy
C. Evidence that all membranes are identical
D. The hydrophobic regions of protein would be in contact with water [1]

A human organ is being prepared for transplant. In what type of solution must it be bathed?
A. A hypertonic solution
B. A hypotonic solution
C. Pure water containing no solutes
D. A solution with the same osmolarity as the organ tissue [1]

Which living structure is an exception to the cell theory?
A. Striated muscle fibres
B. A single-celled alga carrying out all of the functions of life
C. The artificial synthesis of the organic molecule urea
D. A multicellular organism with cells undertaking specialized roles [1]

Which statement applies to cholesterol?
A. It is hydrophobic and found on the outside of the phospholipid bilayer.
B. It is hydrophilic and found inside the phospholipid bilayer.
C. It impacts membrane fluidity.
D. It is transported in association with glucose in the blood. [1]

A tissue sample was examined under the microscope in order to determine a mitotic index. The number of cells in
each stage of the cell cycle was determined and the data were entered into a table.
What is the mitotic index?
A. 0.125
B. 0.25
C. 0.75
D. 1.00
[1]
The diagrams represent cells with the same concentration of dissolved substances in their cytoplasm. If all the cells
were placed in the same hypertonic sucrose solution, which cell would show the greatest rate of change in the
concentration of its cytoplasm?
[1]

What function is performed by the part of the cell shown in the electron micrograph?
[Source: George E. Palade Electron Microscopy Slide Collection Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library
Yale University Library.]
A. Locomotion
B. Synthesis of proteins
C. Movement of chromosomes
D. Breakdown of cellular organelles [1]

What special property of phospholipid molecules explains their ability to spontaneously assemble into a lipid
bilayer?
A. They are hydrophobic.
B. They are amphipathic.
C. They are saturated.
D. They are hydrophilic [1]

Which graph best represents the relationship between the concentration of chloride ions in the external
environment of a cell and the rate at which the chloride ions move by facilitated diffusion into the cytoplasm of
the cell?
[1]

Which statement is evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?
A. Chloroplasts contain 70S ribosomes.
B. Protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm.
C. Organic molecules can be synthesised abiotically.
D. RNA is self-replicating. [1]

13. [Maximum mark: 1] 21M.1.HL.TZ1.2
The images show samples of red blood cells that were placed in different concentrations of salt solutions.
Which process explains the observations shown in the images?
A. Active transport
B. Exocytosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Osmosis [1]

The images show samples of red blood cells that were placed in different concentrations of salt solutions.
Which solution has the highest salt concentration?
A. The original solution
B. Solution 1
C. Solution 2
D. Solution 3 [1]
The image shows an electron micrograph of virus particles known to infect the bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which
is associated with gastroenteritis, wound infections and septicemia in humans and animals.
[Source: Lin, Y. and Lin, C., 2012. Transmission electron micrograph of phage ϕpp2 particles with several structural
proteins. [micrograph] (BMC Genomics, 13:224).]
What does a virus have in common with a living cell?
A. 70S ribosomes
B. Genetic material
C. Reproduction by binary fission
D. Anaerobic respiration [1]

Three cell types are shown in the micrographs.
[Source: left: UCSF School of Medicine, Courtesy of Prof. D Schmucker. middle: Professor Roger Meicenheimer,
Miami University, Department of Botany. right: Courtesy of visualhistology.com.]
What feature distinguishes striated muscle fibres from the three cell types shown in the images?
A. Mitochondria
B. Nucleoid regions
C. Multinucleate structure
D. Membrane-bound organelles [1]

When does DNA replication occur?
A. S phase of interphase
B. Early prophase
C. G phase of interphase
D. Late prophase [1]

18. [Maximum mark: 1] 20N.1.SL.TZ0.1
The electron micrograph shows a section through a cell.
[Source: Photo © E. Newcomb. Nucleus, glyoxisomes, chloroplasts, and mitochondria - magnification

at 13,900x - UWDC - UW-Madison Libraries (wisc.edu) (https://search.library.wisc.edu/digital/AE2SBIWRVTRR5T87).]
What is the name of the cell component labelled Y?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Nucleus
C. Cytoplasm
D. Vacuole [1]
The electron micrograph shows a section through a cell.
[Source: Photo © E. Newcomb. Nucleus, glyoxisomes, chloroplasts, and mitochondria - magnification

at 13,900x - UWDC - UW-Madison Libraries (wisc.edu) (https://search.library.wisc.edu/digital/AE2SBIWRVTRR5T87).]
Which feature of the cell in the micrograph is consistent with the endosymbiotic theory?
A. X has a single membrane.
B. Y has a double membrane.
C. X contains 70S ribosomes.
D. Y contains 80S ribosomes. [1]

Which sequence has the cells arranged according to their ability to differentiate, starting from the least able?
A. bone marrow, neuron, embryonic, umbilical
B. neuron, bone marrow, umbilical, embryonic
C. umbilical, embryonic, bone marrow, neuron
D. embryonic, umbilical, bone marrow, neuron [1]

The diagram shows a section through a membrane. What are the modes of transport in the diagram?
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2020.]
[1]

How many chromosomes are there in a cell during anaphase of mitosis, if the diploid number of the cell is 20?
A. 10
B. 20
C. 40
D. 80 [1]
23. [Maximum mark: 1] 20N.1.HL.TZ0.1
Chlorella and Paramecium are both unicellular eukaryotic organisms living in freshwater. Chlorella is photosynthetic and
has a cell wall. Which organelle will be found in Paramecium but not in Chlorella?
A. Chloroplast
B. Contractile vacuole
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Mitochondrion [1]

What would show that a person has developed metastatic cancer?
A. Alveolus cells forming a tumour in the lungs
B. Cancer cells producing the skin pigment melanin in the liver
C. A tumour in the prostate gland increasing levels of prostate-specific antigen
D. Cancerous lymphocytes in blood plasma [1]

The first iron ore deposits in rocks appeared about 1.8 billion years ago. What took place to make this occur?
A. Some prokaryotic organisms began to absorb carbon dioxide from seawater.
B. Some eukaryotic organisms began to absorb carbon dioxide from seawater.
C. Some prokaryotic organisms began to release oxygen into seawater.
D. Some eukaryotic organisms began to release oxygen into seawater. [1]

The electron micrograph shows a thin section through a plant mesophyll cell.
[Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Euglena_sp.jpg, by Deuterostome

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode]
What is the magnification of the image?
A. × 75
B. × 300
C. × 3000
D. × 7500 [1]

By which process do potassium ions move through potassium channels in axons?
A. Active transport
B. Exocytosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Simple diffusion [1]

Which statement provides evidence for endosymbiosis?
A. Early prokaryotes contributed to a large increase in oxygen in the atmosphere.
B. Eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA.
C. Certain groups of ancient prokaryotes developed mechanisms to carry out aerobic respiration.
D. Experiments by Miller and Urey produced simple organic molecules in abiotic conditions. [1]
In the micrograph, which letter points to a cell in anaphase?
[Source: Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library,

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mitotic_Stages_in_Apical_Meristem_of_Allium_Root_Tip_(36762516673).jpg,
licensed under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication] [1]

Students examined micrographs and counted cells in the different stages of mitosis as well as those cells with no
visible chromosomes. The table shows their results.
What is the mitotic index?
A. 0.2
B. 0.4
C. 0.6
D. 0.7 [1]
Stargardt’s disease, a genetic disorder that causes vision loss, is being treated using retinal cells derived from
human embryonic stem cells. Why are embryonic stem cells used?
A. They are already specialized for this function.
B. They are able to differentiate into the required cell type.
C. They retain stem cell properties after specialization.
D. There are no ethical issues concerning their use. [1]

Which graph represents the change in cell surface area to volume ratio with increasing cell diameter?
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019] [1]

The image shows an electron micrograph of part of a cell.
[Source: Dr. Eldon Newcomb – Emeritis Professor at The University of Wisconsin – Madison.]
Which features do the two structures labelled X and Y have in common?
A. They are surrounded by a double membrane.
B. They contain 70S ribosomes.
C. They contain naked DNA.
D. They are only found in leaf cells. [1]

The images show a sequence of changes in an organism.
[Source: Copyright (2007) National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 'A comparative analysis of frog early development'.
Eugenia M. del Pino, Michael Venegas-Ferrín, Andrés Romero-Carvajal, Paola Montenegro-Larrea, Natalia
Sáenz-Ponce, Iván M. Moya, Ingrid Alarcón, Norihiro Sudou, Shinji Yamamoto, and Masanori Taira,
PNAS July 17, 2007 104 (29) 11882–11888; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705092104]
What is the change and which process is necessary for it to occur?
[1]

Which process(es) occur(s) by osmosis?
I. Uptake of water by cells in the wall of the intestine
II. Loss of water from a plant cell in a hypertonic environment
III. Evaporation of water from sweat on the skin surface
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
[1]
The table shows the number of cells in various stages of the cell cycle in four samples of ovarian tissue from
different patients. Which tissue sample A, B, C or D has the highest mitotic index?
[1]

Which structures are found only in prokaryotic cells?
A. Ribosomes
B. Pili
C. Cell walls
D. Flagella [1]
The magnification of the micrograph is 2000×.
[Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/HeLa_cells_stained_with_Hoechst_33258.jpg
by TenOfAllTrades.]
What is the maximum diameter of the nucleus in the cell labelled X?
A. 10 μm
B. 10 nm
C. 20 μm
D. 20 nm [1]
The image shows a micrograph of a cell.
[Source: © 2014,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mitosis_(261_13)_Pressed;_root_meristem_of_onion_(cells_
in_prophase,_metaphase,_anaphase,_telophase).jpg by Doc. RNDr. Josef Reischig, CSc.]
What explains the appearance of the cell in the micrograph?
A. The cell is dying.
B. The DNA is replicating.
C. The cell is in metaphase.
D. The cell is in telophase. [1]

Which processes are involved in the development of cancer?
I. Mutations occur in oncogenes.
II. Oncogenes prevent cancer.
III. Oncogenes affect cell cycle regulatory proteins.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III [1]

The table shows concentrations of potassium ions and sodium ions inside and outside human cells.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
What explains these concentrations?
A. Potassium ions diffuse in and sodium ions diffuse out.
B. Sodium ions diffuse in and potassium ions diffuse out.
C. Active transport pumps sodium ions in and potassium ions out.
D. Active transport pumps sodium ions out and potassium ions in. [1]
The image shows a phagocytic white blood cell as seen with a transmission electron microscope.
[Source: http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/File:Monocyte_TEM_0002.jpg, by Cafer Zorkun is licensed

under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License]
Which features can be found both within this cell and in a photosynthetic bacterium?
A. Chloroplasts
B. Multiple nuclei
C. 70S ribosomes
D. Lysosomes [1]

Which is an essential feature of the Davson–Danielli model of membrane structure?
A. A phospholipid monolayer with intrinsic and extrinsic proteins
B. A layer of protein sandwiched between two layers of lipid
C. A phospholipid bilayer with intrinsic and extrinsic proteins
D. A layer of lipid sandwiched between two layers of protein [1]

The diagram shows a stage in cell division.
What is the stage shown?
A. Anaphase I of mitosis
B. Anaphase II of mitosis
C. Anaphase I of meiosis
D. Anaphase II of meiosis
[1]

If cells of a multicellular organism have the same genes, how can there be many different cell types in a body?
A. Some genes but not others are expressed in each cell type.
B. Cells lose some genes as development occurs.
C. Genes do not determine the structure of a cell.
D. Cells must practice division of labour in order to survive. [1]

The diagram represents the nucleus of a cell 2 n = 8 in late prophase of mitosis.
Which diagram represents a cell from the same species in anaphase II of meiosis?
[1]

The electron micrograph shows part of a cell. Which organelle is the site of aerobic respiration?
[1]
The images are microscopic views of two similar cells.
What is a reason for the differences between the two micrographs?
A. The lower image has a higher magnification.
B. The lower image has greater resolution.
C. A nucleus can only be seen in the upper image.
D. The upper image is an electron micrograph. [1]

What part of the plasma membrane is fluid, allowing the movement of proteins in accordance with the fluid
mosaic model?
[1]
Apparatus was set up as shown to collect data.
The graph shows the results after 47 minutes of data collection.
What causes the rates to differ?
I. Different concentration gradients at the start
II. Diffusion of sugar is initially greater in Y than in X
III. The systems are reaching equilibrium over time
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and III only
D. II and III only [1]

How does mitosis produce two genetically identical nuclei?
A. By separation of homologous chromosomes
B. By separation of sister chromatids
C. By division of the cytoplasm into two equal cells
D. By division of the nuclear membrane into two equal parts [1]

The image shows an electron micrograph of a fungus, Candida albicans.
Which terms identify the structures labelled I and II in the image?
[1]
Which method provides biochemical evidence that cells have begun to differentiate?
A. Observation with a light microscope
B. Observation with an electron microscope
C. Examination of the DNA sequence
D. Analysis of the proteins [1]

How are villi, alveoli and nephrons similar?
A. They are internal organs.
B. They provide large surface areas for molecular exchange.
C. They secrete hormones.
D. They have a role in excretion. [1]

In a copy of Louis Pasteur’s famous experiment, broth was put into flasks as shown in the diagrams.
What results would be expected with no spontaneous generation of life?
A. Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flask W.
B. Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flasks W and X.
C. Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flasks W, X and Y.
D. Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flasks W, X and Z. [1]

What feature of both striated muscle and aseptate fungal hyphae is different from typical cell structure?
A. They have multiple nuclei within a structural unit.
B. They have a cell wall that is not made of cellulose.
C. They have plasmids.
D. They have an absence of cholesterol in the plasma membrane. [1]

Where could genes be located in a prokaryotic cell?
[1]

Neural pathways in living brains can now be mapped by tracking the movement of water molecules inside axons.
What keeps water molecules inside axons?
A. Plasma membrane
B. Hydrogen bonding
C. Pump proteins
D. Synapse [1]

How does potassium move across the membrane of a neuron during repolarization?
A. Simple diffusion
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Endocytosis
D. Active transport [1]

Which organelle provides evidence that eukaryotic cells originated when large prokaryotes engulfed small free-
living prokaryotes?
A. Chloroplast
B. Nucleoid
C. 80S ribosome
D. Vacuole [1]

The concentrations of cyclins rise and fall in cells at certain times.
[Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin#/media/File:Cyclin_Expression.svg]
What times are these?
A. Day and night
B. Seasons of the year
C. Stages of mitosis and interphase
D. Developmental stages in the life cycle [1]

When compared to other body cells, which characteristic of stem cells is the most important for therapeutic uses?
A. Less differentiation
B. Less excretion
C. Lower rate of reproduction
D. Lower rate of metabolism [1]

The image shows an electron micrograph of a cell.
[Source: Junqueira’s Basic Histology, 15th edition, by Anthony L. Mescher, McGraw-Hill publisher.]
Which organelles correspond to the labels in the electron micrograph of this cell?
[1]

Which molecule regulates the fluidity of cell membranes?
A. Phospholipid
B. Cholesterol
C. Glycoprotein
D. Peripheral protein [1]

Pasteur carried out a series of experiments that provided strong evidence against a widely supported theory. What
was this theory?
A. Endosymbiosis
B. Spontaneous generation
C. Conservative replication of DNA
D. Evolution [1]

The image shows cells in the different stages of mitosis. Which cell is in telophase?
[Source: © The Trustees of Indiana University]
[1]

Which type of transportation happens in the sodium–potassium pump?
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Simple diffusion
D. Active transport [1]

The image is of a Paramecium
[Source: Adapted from www.biology-resources.com. Copyright 2004-2017 D G Mackean & Ian Mackean. All rights reserved.]
Which function is accomplished by structures X and Y in the Paramecium?
[1]
The image is of a Paramecium
[Source: Adapted from www.biology-resources.com. Copyright 2004-2017 D G Mackean & Ian Mackean. All rights reserved.]
What evidence from the image of Paramecium indicates whether the organism is a prokaryote or a eukaryote?
A. Compartments in the cell indicate that it is a eukaryote.
B. No nucleus indicates that the cell is a prokaryote.
C. Lack of a cell wall indicates that the cell is a eukaryote.
D. It is a unicellular organism, so it must be a prokaryote. [1]

The salt concentration inside an animal cell is 1.8 %. The salt concentration in the surrounding medium becomes 5
%. What will be the likely response?
A. The cell will gain water from the medium.
B. The cell will lose salt to the medium.
C. The cell will remain unchanged.
D. The cell will shrink from loss of water. [1]

A diagram of a membrane
In the diagram, which structure is an intrinsic or integral protein? [1]

A diagram of a membrane
In the diagram, which part of the membrane structure does the molecule below form?
[1]
What occurs during meiosis but not mitosis?
A. Spindles are formed from microtubules.
B. Chromosome number is conserved.
C. Homologous chromosomes pair up.
D. Centromeres split. [1]

Which diagram(s) represent(s) processes used in asexual reproduction?
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II only

Dialysis membrane was set up to model digestion and absorption in the small intestine.
What is a limitation of this model?
A. There can be no active transport.
B. Maltose will pass through the membrane.
C. Lipase should be present with protein.
D. The membrane is not permeable to starch. [1]
[Source: Adapted from www.biology-resources.com. Copyright 2004–2017 D G Mackean & Ian Mackean. All rights reserved.]
Which function is accomplished by structures X and Y in the Paramecium?
[1]
[Source: Adapted from www.biology-resources.com. Copyright 2004–2017 D G Mackean & Ian Mackean. All rights reserved.]
The salt concentration inside the Paramecium is 1.8 %. The salt concentration in the surrounding medium suddenly
drops to 0.2 %. What will be the likely response?
A. The cell will lose salt to the medium.
B. The contractile vacuole will expel more water.
C. The cell will swell and eventually burst.
D. The membrane will become more permeable to salt. [1]

Which structure found in eukaryotes has a single membrane?
A. Nucleus
B. Lysosome
C. Chloroplast
D. Mitochondrion [1]
The following electron micrograph shows part of a palisade mesophyll cell. Which of the labelled structures
controls the exchange of substances to and from the cell?
[1]
Cladograms can be created by comparing DNA or protein sequences. The cladogram on the left is based on DNA
sequences and the cladogram on the right is based on comparing protein sequences.
What is the reason that cladograms based on DNA sequences are more reliable predictors of the phylogenetic
relationship of species than cladograms based on protein sequences?
A. Amino acids are not as chemically stable as DNA nucleotides.
B. DNA mutates but amino acids do not.
C. Several different triplets of bases can code for the same amino acid.
D. There are 20 different amino acids but only 4 nucleotides.
[1]

Which organism has DNA located in three organelles?
A. A sponge
B. A fern
C. A flatworm
D. A bacterium [1]
Which organelle is involved in generating vesicles destined for the cell membrane?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Lysosome [1]

When during the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
[1]

The giant alga Acetabularia has a feature that suggests it is an exception to the cell theory. What feature is this?
A. It lacks a nucleus.
B. It lacks a cell wall.
C. It has only one mitochondrion.
D. It lacks subdivision into separate cells.

[1]
The image shows an electron micrograph of mesophyll cells.
What is the name of the structure labelled X?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Mitochondrion
C. Nucleus
D. Chloroplast [1]
The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes infections related to the human reproductive system. The graph shows the
percentage of samples in which this bacterium showed resistance to six antibiotics over a period of ten years.
What is a possible explanation for the total percentage resistance being larger than 100% in 2010?
A. People do not take the antibiotics as prescribed.
B. More people have been sampled in that year.
C. There was an epidemic of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in that year.
D. Some bacteria are resistant to more than one antibiotic. [1]

What is a role of cholesterol in animal cells?
A. It increases body fat.
B. It controls membrane fluidity.
C. It lines the inner wall of capillaries.
D. It is a constituent of bile. [1]

What is evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?
A. RNA can catalyse metabolic reactions.
B. Meteorites contain organic molecules.
C. Amino acids can be synthesized from inorganic compounds.
D. Mitochondria possess their own DNA. [1]

The graph shows the survival probabilities for current smokers and for those who never smoked among women 30
to 80 years of age.
What can be deduced from this graph?
A. There is a correlation between smoking and cancer.
B. Smoking reduces life expectancy.
C. Smoking causes cancer.
D. 70 % of smokers survive to 80 years old.
[1]
Which evidence falsifies the Davson–Danielli model?
I. The presence of globular proteins within the phospholipid bilayer
II. Non-polar amino acids cause proteins to remain embedded in membranes
III. Membrane proteins remain in a fixed position inside a membrane
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
© International Baccalaureate Organization, 2023

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Topic 1 MC [90 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 1] 21M.1.SL.TZ1.1

A. No chemical reactions take place within their cytoplasm.

B. They cannot produce new enzymes.

C. Materials cannot enter red blood cells.

D. Materials cannot exit red blood cells. [1]

2. [Maximum mark: 1] 21M.1.SL.TZ1.2

A. Both are found in the cells of Filicinophyta.

B. Both contain grana.

C. Both occur in all eukaryotic cells.

D. Both are found in a Paramecium. [1]

[Source: Cornell, B. 2016. https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-1-cell-biology/13-membrane-

What evidence supported this model?

B. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy

C. Evidence that all membranes are identical

D. The hydrophobic regions of protein would be in contact with water [1]

4. [Maximum mark: 1] 21M.1.SL.TZ1.4

C. Pure water containing no solutes

D. A solution with the same osmolarity as the organ tissue [1]

A. Striated muscle fibres

B. A single-celled alga carrying out all of the functions of life

C. The artificial synthesis of the organic molecule urea

D. A multicellular organism with cells undertaking specialized roles [1]

6. [Maximum mark: 1] 21M.1.SL.TZ1.6

A. It is hydrophobic and found on the outside of the phospholipid bilayer.

B. It is hydrophilic and found inside the phospholipid bilayer.

C. It impacts membrane fluidity.

D. It is transported in association with glucose in the blood. [1]

7. [Maximum mark: 1] 21M.1.SL.TZ1.7

What is the mitotic index?

9. [Maximum mark: 1] 21M.1.SL.TZ2.2

D. Breakdown of cellular organelles [1]

A. They are hydrophobic.

B. They are amphipathic.

C. They are saturated.

D. They are hydrophilic [1]

11. [Maximum mark: 1] 21M.1.SL.TZ2.4

12. [Maximum mark: 1] 21M.1.SL.TZ2.5

A. Chloroplasts contain 70S ribosomes.

B. Protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm.

C. Organic molecules can be synthesised abiotically.

D. RNA is self-replicating. [1]

Which process explains the observations shown in the images?

14. [Maximum mark: 1] 21M.1.HL.TZ1.3

Which solution has the highest salt concentration?

A. The original solution

What does a virus have in common with a living cell?

C. Reproduction by binary fission

D. Anaerobic respiration [1]

D. Membrane-bound organelles [1]

17. [Maximum mark: 1] 21M.1.HL.TZ2.4

D. Late prophase [1]

[Source: Photo © E. Newcomb. Nucleus, glyoxisomes, chloroplasts, and mitochondria - magnification

What is the name of the cell component labelled Y?

[Source: Photo © E. Newcomb. Nucleus, glyoxisomes, chloroplasts, and mitochondria - magnification

A. X has a single membrane.

B. Y has a double membrane.

C. X contains 70S ribosomes.

D. Y contains 80S ribosomes. [1]

20. [Maximum mark: 1] 20N.1.SL.TZ0.3

A. bone marrow, neuron, embryonic, umbilical

B. neuron, bone marrow, umbilical, embryonic

C. umbilical, embryonic, bone marrow, neuron