COLEGIO COLOMBO AMERICANO CAS

“Educating Transformative Leaders”

Programa del diploma – IB
GRUPO 4: Ciencias
Asignatura: Biology - HL
Año I: 2024
Docente: Sebastián Ramírez Murillo
PREPARATION WORKSHOP

PART 1: PAPER 1-LIKE QUESTIONS

1. 23M.1.SL.TZ1.1

The micrograph shows two types of blood cell.

What determines the differences between the two types of cell?

A. Different number of mitotic cycles

B. Different expression of some genes

C. Reaction to oxygen of red blood cells

D. Reaction to antigens of white blood cells

[1]

2. 23M.1.SL.TZ1.2

What is a difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A. Cell walls are found only in prokaryotes.

B. Naked DNA with histones is found only in prokaryotes.

C. Compartmentalization is found only in eukaryotes.

1
 D. Cilia and flagella are found only in prokaryotes.

[1]

3. 23M.1.SL.TZ1.4

Onion (Allium cepa) epidermis was placed in pure water and observed with a light
microscope using high magnification.

What would happen to these cells if they were transferred to a hypertonic solution?

A. Cells would gain mass.

B. Cells would take in water by osmosis and swell.

C. Cells would burst open, releasing their content.

D. Cell membranes would detach from walls at some points.

[1]

4. 23M.1.SL.TZ1.5

What is evidence for the endosymbiotic theory in eukaryotic cells?

A. Mitochondrion with DNA

B. Golgi complex in cytoplasm

C. Single nuclear membrane

D. Ribosomes in cytoplasm

[1]

2
5. 23M.1.SL.TZ1.15

Non-disjunction of chromosome 21 causes trisomy. What can be said about the incidence
of non-disjunction in chromosome 21?

A. It increases greatly with maternal age after 30 years.

B. Chromosome 21 always suffers non-disjunction.

C. Very young mothers have no chance of non-disjunction.

D. There is no relation between age and the probability of non-disjunction.

[1]

6. 23M.1.SL.TZ1.16

For what reason do gametes contain only one allele of each gene?

A. To prevent inbreeding in a population

B. Haploid cells contain only one set of chromosomes

C. The two alleles of a gene are separated during mitosis

D. Crossing over will always produce one allele of a gene

[1]

7. 23M.1.SL.TZ2.2

What cell component is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?

A. Mitochondria for respiration

B. DNA containing genetic information

C. Ribosomes for protein synthesis

D. Cell wall to maintain shape

[1]

3
8. 23M.1.SL.TZ2.4

The diagram shows protein channels involved in the passive movement of a substance into the
cell across the cell membrane.

What describes this movement?

A. Energy of ATP is used to transport substances into the cell.

B. Substances can move from areas of low to areas of high concentration.

C. The proteins ensure that movement of substances is only in one direction.

D. Net movement occurs until the concentrations in and out of the cell are equal.

[1]

9. 22M.1.SL.TZ1.4

Which cell component arose first during the formation of the earliest cells?

A. Chloroplast

B. Plasma membrane

C. Mitochondria

D. Cell wall

[1]

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10. 22M.1.SL.TZ1.3

What is/are required for facilitated diffusion?

I. A concentration gradient

II. ATP

III. A channel protein

A. I only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

[1]

11. 22M.1.SL.TZ1.2

More than 90 % of cellular cholesterol is located in the cell’s plasma membrane. What is the
main role of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of mammalian cells?

A. To regulate membrane fluidity

B. To increase membrane solubility

C. To increase membrane permeability

D. To regulate membrane temperature

[1]

12. 22M.1.SL.TZ1.3

What is/are required for facilitated diffusion?

I. A concentration gradient

II. ATP

III. A channel protein

A. I only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

[1]

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13. 22M.1.SL.TZ1.4

Which cell component arose first during the formation of the earliest cells?

A. Chloroplast

B. Plasma membrane

C. Mitochondria

D. Cell wall

[1]

14. 22M.1.SL.TZ2.4

Pasteur used swan-necked flasks and a nutrient broth to demonstrate that spontaneous
generation of organisms does not occur on Earth. Some students performed a similar
experiment using two swan-necked flasks, one containing broth which had been previously
boiled and another containing broth which had not been boiled.

The flasks were left in the school laboratory and observed after one week. What is the evidence
against the spontaneous generation theory?

A. Microorganisms died in flask F due to high temperatures.

B. No microorganisms grew in either flask.

C. Microorganisms grew in flask G.

D. No microorganisms grew in flask F but many grew in flask G.

[1]

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15. 22M.1.SL.TZ2.2

The images of the radiolarian, a single-celled marine organism, were produced using a light
microscope (left) and a scanning electron microscope (right).

[Source: Munir,S.;Sun,J.;Morton, S.L. The First Record and Classification of Planktonic

Radiolarian
(Phylum Retaria) and Phaeodarian (Phylum Cercozoa) in the Eastern Indian Ocean. Biology
2021, 10, 202.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10030202 Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. This article is an
open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)
license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).]

What is a reason for the difference in quality of these images?

A. Light cannot pass through the specimen.

B. Higher magnification can be achieved with the electron microscope.

C. The resolution of the electron microscope is higher.

D. Samples are stained with methylene blue when viewed with the light microscope.

[1]

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 PART 2: PAPER 2- LIKE QUESTIONS

16. 23M.2.SL.TZ2.1

There is increasing interest in the bacteria that live in the human gut, known as the
gut microbiota. Evidence is accumulating of widespread effects on human health, with
some species of bacteria increasing the prevalence of specific diseases and others giving
protection.

Long-term diet appears to influence the numbers and types of bacteria that are present in
an individual’s gut. Several different characteristic combinations of bacteria (called
enterotypes) have been discovered. The stacked column graph shows relative amounts of
different genera of bacteria in the gut of people with four of these enterotypes. The Bacteroides
2 (B2) enterotype is associated with an increased prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease.

[Source: Material from: Vieira-Silva, S., Falony, G., Belda, E. et al., Statin therapy is associated with lower

prevalence of gut microbiota dysbiosis, published 2020, Nature, reproduced with permission of SNCSC.]

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 (a) Using the data in the stacked column graph, describe the features that characterize the B2
enterotype. [2]

Samples of feces were collected from 40 individuals and were immediately frozen to preserve
them. The numbers of bacteria in the feces (cell counts / 1011 cells g-1) were later measured
and the enterotype was determined. The box plot shows this data. Each data point shows the
cell count from one fecal sample.

[Source: Material from: Vandeputte, D., Kathagen, G., D’hoe, K. et al., Quantitative microbiome profiling links

gut community variation to microbial load, published 2017, Nature, reproduced with permission of SNCSC.]

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 (b) Estimate the median number of bacterial cells per gram of feces in the R enterotype.

[1]

(c) Distinguish between the cell counts in the R and B2 enterotypes.

[2]

(d) Comment on the data for the P enterotype.

[1]

10
 Statins are drugs that are commonly prescribed to reduce cholesterol concentrations in
the blood. As part of research into the effects of statins, the enterotype and body mass
index (BMI) of 782 individuals were determined. The results are shown in the stacked graph.

[Source: Material from: Vieira-Silva, S., Falony, G., Belda, E. et al., Statin therapy is associated with lower

prevalence of gut microbiota dysbiosis, published 2020, Nature, reproduced with permission of SNCSC.]

(e.i) Estimate the prevalence of the P enterotype at a BMI of 50.

[1]

(e.ii) State the relationship between BMI and the prevalence of the B2 enterotype.

[1]

11
 (f) Evaluate the evidence provided by the data in the graph for the hypothesis that the R
enterotype causes low BMI.

[2]

The 782 individuals for whom BMI and enterotype had been determined were divided into four
groups, according to whether or not they were taking statins and their BMI category.
The prevalence of the four enterotypes in each of these groups is shown as a percentage in
the pie charts.

[Source: Material from: Vieira-Silva, S., Falony, G., Belda, E. et al., Statin therapy is associated with lower

prevalence of gut microbiota dysbiosis, published 2020, Nature, reproduced with permission of SNCSC.]

12
 (g) The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease rises with increases in BMI. At any BMI level,
individuals with the B2 enterotype have a higher prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease
than with other enterotypes. Using the data in the graph, discuss whether statins could
reduce the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease. [2]

17. 23M.2.SL.TZ2.3

The light micrograph shows tumour tissue from a patient’s lung.

[Source: Nephron, 2012. Lung carcinoid – very high mag. [image online] Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/

File:Lung_carcinoid_-_very_high_mag.jpg [Accessed 18 October 2021]. Public domain.]

13
 (a) State one cause of lung cancer.

[1]

(b) Suggest one difference between tissue taken from a lung cancer tumour and normal lung
tissue that might be seen in micrographs.

[1]

(c) The lung tumour in the light micrograph was slow-growing. Predict with a reason what would
have been visible in the micrograph if the tumour was growing rapidly.

[2]

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18. 23M.2.SL.TZ2.7

Eukaryotes are classified into kingdoms, one of which is the animal kingdom.

(a) Describe the organelles and other structures in animal cells that are visible in electron
micrographs.

[7]

15
 (b) Explain how animal cells produce the ATP that they need.

[5]

16
 (c) Distinguish between reptiles and amphibians in terms of their recognition features.

[3]

17