Chapter 6 Q. P.

1 [39 marks]

1.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1.SL.TZ1.24
Where in the human body is lipase produced?
A. Stomach
B. Pancreas
C. Gall bladder
D. Liver
[1]
Markscheme
B

2.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1.SL.TZ1.25
What are these structures?
[Source: Burgstedt | Dreamstime.com]

A. Fatty acids in the small intestine

B. Bacteria in the large intestine
C. Villi in the small intestine
D. Feces egested from the large intestine
[1]
Markscheme
C

3.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1.SL.TZ1.26
Which feature of capillaries distinguishes them from arteries and veins?
A. Narrow diameter
B. Valves to prevent backflow
C. Thick muscular walls
D. Elastic tissue
[1]
Markscheme
A

4.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1.SL.TZ1.27
The diagram shows the major events involved in the formation of a blood clot.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

What is Factor Y?
A. Fibrin
B. Prothrombin
C. Fibrinogen
D. Thrombin

[1]
Markscheme
C

5.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1.SL.TZ1.28
Which statement applies to HIV?
A. HIV infects red blood cells resulting in decreased production of hemoglobin.
B. HIV can be effectively treated using antibiotics.
C. HIV can only be transmitted by sexual intercourse.
D. HIV causes a reduction in production of antibodies.

[1]
Markscheme
D

6.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1.SL.TZ1.29
The diagram shows a graph of an action potential.

[Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538143/figure/article-
17127.image.f1/?report=objectonly
Physiology, Action Potential by Michael H. Grider and Carolyn S. Glaubensklee.
Copyright © 2019, StatPearls Publishing LLC
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/]

What is happening at X?
A. Sodium channels close.
B. Calcium channels open.
C. Sodium channels open.
D. Potassium channels close.
[1]
Markscheme
A

7.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1.SL.TZ1.30
The diagram shows the human female reproductive system.

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

What is produced by structure X?
A. FSH
B. X chromosomes
C. Fertilized eggs
D. Estrogen and progesterone
[1]
Markscheme
D

8.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1.SL.TZ2.24
What is an advantage of capillary walls being one cell thick in the systemic circulation?
A. To allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into tissues
B. To allow oxygen to diffuse out of tissues
C. To allow glucose to diffuse into tissues
D. To allow urea to diffuse into tissues

[1]
Markscheme
C

9.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1.SL.TZ2.25
What causes the atrioventricular valves to close during a heartbeat?
A. Pressure in the atria is higher than in the ventricles.
B. Pressure in the atria is lower than in the ventricles.
C. Pressure in the arteries is higher than in the ventricles.
D. Pressure in the arteries is lower than in the ventricles.
[1]
Markscheme
B

10.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1.SL.TZ2.26
In premature babies born earlier than the 30th week of pregnancy, type II pneumocytes are
usually not fully developed, so they do not carry out their function normally. What is a
possible consequence of this?
A. The number of alveoli reduces.
B. The size of the alveoli increases.
C. Capillary networks do not develop fully and oxygen is not absorbed.
D. Surface tension between alveoli does not decrease and the alveoli stick together.
[1]
Markscheme
D

11.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1.SL.TZ2.28
The diagram shows a motor neuron.

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

What are the biochemical nature and function of the myelin sheath?
A. The myelin sheath is mainly protein which allows growth of the axon.
B. The myelin sheath is mainly protein which acts as membrane carriers.
C. The myelin sheath is mainly lipid which allows saltatory conduction.
D. The myelin sheath is mainly lipid which provides an energy source.
[1]
Markscheme
C

12.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1.SL.TZ2.29
Which hormone is part of a negative feedback control system and acts on cells in the
hypothalamus?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Melatonin
D. Leptin
[1]
Markscheme
D

13.
[Maximum mark: 1]
19M.1.SL.TZ2.30
The diagram shows the human female reproductive system
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

Which labels indicate where fertilization occurs and where luteinizing hormone (LH) acts?

[1]
Markscheme
D
14.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1.SL.TZ1.26
A fluid sample is taken from the digestive tract of a mammal. The sample is basic (alkaline)
and able to digest starch and proteins. From which part of the digestive tract was the fluid
taken?
A. Mouth
B. Stomach
C. Small intestine
D. Gall bladder
[1]
Markscheme
C

15.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1.SL.TZ1.27
What is a property of arteries?
A. Arteries have elastic walls.
B. Arteries have valves.
C. All arteries carry oxygenated blood.
D. Arteries receive blood from the atria.
[1]
Markscheme
A

16.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1.SL.TZ1.28
The graph shows the blood levels of hormones associated with the menstrual cycle.
[Source: By OpenStax College - Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site.
http://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/, Jun 19, 2013., CC BY 3.0
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/),
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30148641.]

Which line on the graph represents progesterone?

A. Line A
B. Line B
C. Line C
D. Line D
[1]
Markscheme
D

17.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1.SL.TZ1.29
What blood flow does the right semilunar valve prevent?
A. Backflow of blood to the right atrium during ventricular contraction
B. Blood flowing from the aorta back into the heart when the ventricle is filling
C. Blood flowing from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle when the heart is relaxing
D. Blood flowing from the right atrium to the vena cava when the right atrium contracts
[1]
Markscheme
C

18.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1.SL.TZ1.30
Which reaction occurs in blood clotting?

[1]
Markscheme
A

19.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1.SL.TZ2.24
What is the name of the enzyme in the diagram?
A. Amylase
B. Maltase
C. Glucosidase
D. Sucrase
[1]
Markscheme
A

20.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1.SL.TZ2.25
The diagram shows changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and aorta during a
single cardiac cycle. At what point during the cycle does the atrioventricular valve close?
[1]
Markscheme
A

21.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1.SL.TZ2.26
Which cells are subject to attack by HIV?
A. Lymphocytes
B. Erythrocytes
C. Platelets
D. Phagocytes
[1]
Markscheme
A
22.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1.SL.TZ2.27
Which is an adaptation to increase rates of gas exchange in the lung?
A. Small surface area
B. Dry surface
C. High vascularization
D. Muscular alveoli
[1]
Markscheme
C

23.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1.SL.TZ2.28
Where in the body are type I pneumocytes found?
A. Alveoli
B. Nephrons
C. Capillaries
D. Trachea
[1]
Markscheme
A

24.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1.SL.TZ2.29
What is the function of the hormone leptin?
A. Increase the uptake of glucose from the blood
B. Reduce appetite
C. Increase metabolic rate
D. Promote sleep
[1]
Markscheme
B

25.
[Maximum mark: 1]
21M.1.SL.TZ2.30
What is a similarity between the testes of males and the ovaries of females in humans?
A. They produce gametes throughout the life of the individual.
B. They secrete hormones into the blood stream.
C. Their development is controlled by a gene on the Y chromosome.
D. They release products to the outside of the body directly through the urethra.
[1]
Markscheme
B

26.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1.SL.TZ1.24
Which process describes starch metabolism in humans?
A. Starch is digested by amylase in the mouth, stomach and small intestine.
B. Amylase digests starch into monomers of sucrose.
C. Glucose produced by the digestion of starch can be stored as glycogen.
D. Optimal activity of amylase occurs in the stomach at pH 2.
[1]
Markscheme
C

27.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1.SL.TZ1.25
Which structures are part of the walls of both capillaries and veins?
I. Cells
II. Pores
III. Elastic fibres
A. I only
B. I and II
C. I and III
D. I, II and III
[1]
Markscheme
A

28.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1.SL.TZ1.26
What is a method of transmission of HIV and its effect on the immune system?

[1]
Markscheme
A

29.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1.SL.TZ1.27
A cell from the lungs, observed under the microscope, contains a large number of secretory
organelles. Which conclusion can be drawn about the cell?
A. It is a type I pneumocyte.
B. It is a type II pneumocyte.
C. It could be either a type I or type II pneumocyte.
D. It is a red blood cell.
[1]
Markscheme
B

30.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1.SL.TZ1.28
The image shows a neuron.

What is the function of X?

A. Increases the speed of transmission along the axon
B. Increases the rate of exchange of sodium and potassium ions
C. Holds bundles of neurons together to form a nerve
D. Determines the direction of the action potential
[1]
Markscheme
A
31.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1.SL.TZ1.29
Leptin helps to regulate body mass in humans and mice. The image shows an obese mouse
(O) and a normal mouse (N).

[Source: [Obesity in mice]. [image online] Available at:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fatmouse.jpg Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
U.S. Department of Energy.]

What hypothesis could account for the differences between the mice?
A. The hypothalamus of mouse O stopped producing leptin.
B. Adipose cells of mouse O are continuously producing leptin.
C. Mouse N has a defective leptin receptor.
D. Leptin binds to receptors in the hypothalamus of mouse N.
[1]
Markscheme
D

32.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1.SL.TZ1.30
What is most likely to increase in the presence of insulin?
A. The rate of anaerobic respiration
B. The chances of Type I diabetes
C. The uptake of glucose by muscles
D. The concentration of glucagon
[1]
Markscheme
C

33.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1.SL.TZ2.24
The graph shows the amounts of two substances present in food ingested by a healthy
person as it moves along the gut.

Which substances could X and Y be?

[1]
Markscheme
D

34.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1.SL.TZ2.25
Changes in heart rate occur during and after a period of exercise.
Which structure sends messages to the sinoatrial node of the heart to cause changes in
heart rate?
A. Adipose tissue
B. Medulla of the brain
C. Pineal gland
D. Thyroid gland
[1]
Markscheme
B

35.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1.SL.TZ2.26
The light micrograph shows two blood vessels, an artery and a vein, in transverse section.
[Source: Columbia Center for New Media Teaching and Learning, n.d. Epithelium: Simple
Squamous Epithelium. [image online] Available at:
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/sbpm_histology_old/lab/lab02_squamous.html
[Accessed 29 November 2019].]

What explains the different shapes of these blood vessels?

A. Arteries do not have valves.
B. Muscle cells are found only in the walls of veins.
C. Arteries have a larger lumen-to-wall thickness ratio.
D. There are fewer elastic fibres in the walls of veins.
[1]
Markscheme
D

36.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1.SL.TZ2.27
Pressure changes inside the thorax cause the movement of air in and out of the lung alveoli
during ventilation. Alveolar pressure correlates to thoracic pressure. The diagram shows
pressure changes in lung alveoli during ventilation in relation to normal atmospheric
pressure. What causes forced movement of air out of the lungs at T?
[1]
Markscheme
B
37.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1.SL.TZ2.28
The diagram shows the synaptic transmission of nerve impulses by the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine.

[Source: Zhang, X. A Mathematical Model of a Neuron with Synapses based on Physiology.

Nat Prec (2008).
https://doi.org/10.1038/npre.2008.1703.1 available at
https://www.nature.com/articles/npre.2008.1703.1
Source adapted.]

What is the fate of acetylcholine immediately after binding to the receptor?

A. It is pumped into the postsynaptic neuron.
B. It diffuses into the presynaptic neuron.
C. It is broken down in the synaptic cleft.
D. It binds to another receptor in the postsynaptic neuron.
[1]
Markscheme
C
38.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1.SL.TZ2.29
What is an example of negative feedback in the menstrual cycle?
A. High levels of estrogen inhibit FSH secretion.
B. High levels of LH stop progesterone secretion.
C. High levels of FSH delay ovulation.
D. High levels of progesterone make follicles less receptive to FSH.
[1]
Markscheme
A

39.
[Maximum mark: 1]
22M.1.SL.TZ2.30
Which labelled structure of the male reproductive system contributes to formation of
semen?
[1]
Markscheme
B

© International Baccalaureate Organization, 2023