𝑦𝑡+2 + 2𝑦𝑡+1 + 𝑦𝑡 = 3𝑡

Raíces:

𝑏 2 + 2𝑏 + 1 = 0 → (𝑏 + 1)2 = 0 → 𝑏 = {−1, −1}

Raíces repetidas:

𝑦𝑐 = 𝐴3 𝑏 𝑡 + 𝐴4 𝑡𝑏 𝑡
Para determinar la ecuación particular:

Posee la forma 𝑐𝑚𝑡 donde 𝑐 = 1 y 𝑚 = 3.

Primera diferencia:

∆(3𝑡 ) = 3𝑡+1 − 3𝑡 = (3 − 1)3𝑡 = 2 × 3𝑡

Segunda diferencia:

∆2 (3𝑡 ) = ∆(2 × 3𝑡 ) = 2 × ∆(3𝑡 ) = 4 × 3𝑡

Solución particular:

𝑦𝑝 = 𝐵 × 3𝑡

Reemplazando:

𝑦𝑡+2 + 2𝑦𝑡+1 + 𝑦𝑡 = 3𝑡

𝐵 × 3𝑡+2 + 2 × 𝐵 × 3𝑡+1 + 𝐵 × 3𝑡 = 3𝑡

𝐵 × 32 + 2 × 𝐵 × 3 + 𝐵 = 1
1
16𝐵 = 1 → 𝐵 =
16
Solución general:

3𝑡
𝑦𝑡 = 𝐴3 (−1)𝑡 + 𝐴4 𝑡(−1)𝑡 +
16
Transformada 𝒵:

𝑦𝑡+2 + 2𝑦𝑡+1 + 𝑦𝑡 = 3𝑡

𝒵{𝑦𝑡+2 + 2𝑦𝑡+1 + 𝑦𝑡 } = 𝒵{3𝑡 }

1
(𝑧 2 𝑌(𝑧) − 𝑧 2 𝑦(0) − 𝑧𝑦(1) ) + 2(𝑧𝑌(𝑧) − 𝑧𝑦(0) ) + 𝑌(𝑧) =
1 − 3𝑧 −1
1
(𝑧 2 + 2𝑧 + 1)𝑌(𝑧) − (𝑧 2 + 2𝑧)𝑦(0) − 𝑧𝑦(1) =
1 − 3𝑧 −1
𝑧 2 + 2𝑧 𝑧 𝑧
𝑌(𝑧) = 2 𝑦(0) + 2 𝑦(1) + 2
𝑧 + 2𝑧 + 1 𝑧 + 2𝑧 + 1 (𝑧 + 2𝑧 + 1)(𝑧 − 3)
1 3 3
1 1 1 4 16 16
𝑌(𝑧) = [1 − ]𝑦 + [ − ]𝑦 + − +
(𝑧 + 1)2 (0) 𝑧 + 1 (𝑧 + 1)2 (1) (𝑧 + 1)2 𝑧 + 1 𝑧 − 3
 𝑧 −1 −1 ] 𝑦
𝑧 −1 𝑧 −1
𝑌(𝑧) = [1 − 𝑧 (0) + [ − 𝑧 −1 ] 𝑦(1)
(1 − (−1)𝑧 −1 )2 1 − (−1)𝑧 −1 (1 − (−1)𝑧 −1 )2
1 𝑧 −1 −1 −
3 𝑧 −1 3 𝑧 −1
+ × 𝑧 × + ×
4 (1 − (−1)𝑧 −1 )2 16 1 − (−1)𝑧 −1 16 1 − (3)𝑧 −1

𝑦𝑡 = [𝛿(𝑡) − (𝑡 − 1) × (−1)𝑡−2 ]𝑦(0) + [(−1)𝑡−1 − (𝑡 − 1) × (−1)𝑡−2 ]𝑦(1)

1 3 3
+ × (𝑡 − 1) × (−1)𝑡−2 − × (−1)𝑡−1 + × 3𝑡−1
4 16 16
1
𝑦𝑡 = [𝛿(𝑡) − 𝑡(−1)𝑡−2 + (−1)𝑡−2 ]𝑦(0) + [(−1)𝑡−1 − 𝑡(−1)𝑡−2 + (−1)𝑡−2 ]𝑦(1) + 𝑡(−1)𝑡−2
4
1 3 3
− (−1)𝑡−2 − × (−1)𝑡−1 + × 3𝑡−1
4 16 16
1 1
𝑦𝑡 = [𝛿(𝑡) − 𝑡(−1)𝑡 + (−1)𝑡 ]𝑦(0) + [−(−1)𝑡 − 𝑡(−1)𝑡 + (−1)𝑡 ]𝑦(1) + 𝑡(−1)𝑡 − (−1)𝑡
4 4
𝑡
3 3
+ × (−1)𝑡 +
16 16
1 1 3𝑡
𝑦𝑡 = [𝛿(𝑡) − 𝑡(−1)𝑡 + (−1)𝑡 ]𝑦(0) + [−𝑡(−1)𝑡 ]𝑦(1) + 𝑡(−1)𝑡 − (−1)𝑡 +
4 16 16
1 1 3𝑡
𝑦𝑡 = 𝛿(𝑡) 𝑦(0) + [−𝑦(0) − 𝑦(1) + ] 𝑡(−1)𝑡 + [𝑦(0) − ] (−1)𝑡 +
4 16 16
clc
clear
close

%%
N=8;
t=0:1:N;
y0=0;
y1=80;
y=[y0 y1 zeros(1,N-1)];
for i=1:1:N-2
y(t(i)+3)=-2*y(t(i)+1+1)-y(t(i)+1)+3^(t(i));
end
figure(1);
hold on;
grid on;
stairs(t,y,'b');

% Comparacion
yg=zeros(1,N+1);
for i=1:1:N
yg(i)=y0*(t(i)<=0)+(-y0-y1+1/4)*t(i)*(-1)^t(i)+(y0-1/16)*(-
1)^t(i)+(3^t(i))/16;
end
stairs(t,yg,'r');
 𝑦𝑡+2 + 5𝑦𝑡+1 + 2𝑦𝑡 = 8𝑡 2 + 6𝑡 − 18
Raíces:
25 25
𝑏 2 + 5𝑏 + 2 = 0 → 𝑏 2 + 5𝑏 + +2− =0
4 4
5 2 17 5 √17
(𝑏 + ) − =0→𝑏=− ±
2 4 2 2
Solución complementaria:
𝑡 𝑡
5 √17 5 √17
𝑦𝑡 = 𝐴1 (− − ) + 𝐴2 (− + )
2 2 2 2

Solución particular:

𝑦𝑡 = 𝐵2 𝑡 2 + 𝐵1 𝑡 + 𝐵0

𝑦𝑡+1 = 𝐵2 (𝑡 + 1)2 + 𝐵1 (𝑡 + 1) + 𝐵0 = 𝐵2 𝑡 2 + (𝐵1 + 2𝐵2 )𝑡 + (𝐵0 + 𝐵1 + 𝐵2 )

𝑦𝑡+2 = 𝐵2 (𝑡 + 2)2 + 𝐵1 (𝑡 + 2) + 𝐵0

𝑦𝑡+2 = 𝐵2 𝑡 2 + (𝐵1 + 4𝐵2 )𝑡 + (𝐵0 + 2𝐵1 + 4𝐵2 )

Reemplazando:

𝑦𝑡+2 + 5𝑦𝑡+1 + 2𝑦𝑡 = 8𝑡 2 + 6𝑡 − 18

[𝐵2 𝑡 2 + (𝐵1 + 4𝐵2 )𝑡 + (𝐵0 + 2𝐵1 + 4𝐵2 )] + 5[𝐵2 𝑡 2 + (𝐵1 + 2𝐵2 )𝑡 + (𝐵0 + 𝐵1 + 𝐵2 )]
+ 2(𝐵2 𝑡 2 + 𝐵1 𝑡 + 𝐵0 ) = 8𝑡 2 + 6𝑡 − 18
[𝐵2 𝑡 2 + (𝐵1 + 4𝐵2 )𝑡 + (𝐵0 + 2𝐵1 + 4𝐵2 )]
+ [5𝐵2 𝑡 2 + (5𝐵1 + 10𝐵2 )𝑡 + (5𝐵0 + 5𝐵1 + 5𝐵2 )] + (2𝐵2 𝑡 2 + 2𝐵1 𝑡 + 2𝐵0 )
= 8𝑡 2 + 6𝑡 − 18

8𝐵2 𝑡 2 + (8𝐵1 + 14𝐵2 )𝑡 + (8𝐵0 + 7𝐵1 + 9𝐵2 ) = 8𝑡 2 + 6𝑡 − 18

𝐵2 = 1

8𝐵1 + 14 = 6 → 𝐵1 = −1
5
8𝐵0 + 7 × −1 + 9 × 1 = −18 → 8𝐵0 = −20 → 𝐵0 = −
2
Solución particular:
5
𝑦𝑝 = 𝑡 2 − 𝑡 −
2
Solución general:
𝑡 𝑡
5 √17 5 √17 5
𝑦𝑡 = 𝐴1 (− − ) + 𝐴2 (− + ) + 𝑡2 − 𝑡 −
2 2 2 2 2
5
𝑦0 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 −
2
 5 √17 5 √17 5
𝑦1 = 𝐴1 (− − ) + 𝐴2 (− + )−
2 2 2 2 2

Resolución:

5 √17 5
𝑦1 = − (𝐴1 + 𝐴2 ) + (−𝐴1 + 𝐴2 ) −
2 2 2
5 5 √17 5
𝑦1 = − (𝑦0 + ) + (−𝐴1 + 𝐴2 ) −
2 2 2 2
5 15 √17
𝑦1 + 𝑦0 + = (−𝐴1 + 𝐴2 )
2 4 2
2√17 5√17 15√17
𝑦1 + 𝑦0 + = −𝐴1 + 𝐴2
17 17 34
Se tiene:
5 5
𝑦0 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 − → 𝐴2 = −𝐴1 + 𝑦0 +
2 2
Reemplazando:

2√17 5√17 15√17

𝑦 + 𝑦 + = −𝐴1 + 𝐴2
17 1 17 0 34
2√17 5√17 15√17 5
𝑦1 + 𝑦0 + = −𝐴1 − 𝐴1 + 𝑦0 +
17 17 34 2
2√17 5√17 5 15√17
𝑦1 + ( − 1) 𝑦0 − + = −2𝐴1
17 17 2 34

√17 1 5√17 5 15√17

𝐴1 = − 𝑦1 + ( − ) 𝑦0 + −
17 2 34 4 68

5
𝐴2 = −𝐴1 + 𝑦0 +
2
√17 1 5√17 5 15√17 5
𝐴2 = − 𝑦1 − ( − ) 𝑦0 − + + 𝑦0 +
17 2 34 4 68 2

√17 1 5√17 5 15√17 5

𝐴2 = 𝑦1 + (− + ) 𝑦0 − + + 𝑦0 +
17 2 34 4 68 2

√17 1 5√17 5 15√17

𝐴2 = 𝑦1 + ( + ) 𝑦0 + +
17 2 34 4 68