𝑇𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑗𝑎, 𝑋𝑋 𝑑𝑒 𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋

𝑈. 𝐴. 𝐽. 𝑀. 𝑆.
𝐹. 𝐶. 𝐸. 𝑦 𝐹.
𝑃𝑅𝑂𝐺𝑅𝐴𝑀𝐴: 𝐶𝑂𝑁𝑇𝐴𝐶𝑈𝑅Í𝐴 𝑃Ú𝐵𝐿𝐼𝐶𝐴
𝑀𝐴𝑇𝐸𝑅𝐼𝐴: 𝑀𝐴𝑇𝐸𝑀Á𝑇𝐼𝐶𝐴𝑆 𝐼
𝑆𝐼𝐺𝐿𝐴: 𝑀𝐴𝑇 − 100
𝐺𝑅𝑈𝑃𝑂: 2 (𝐼/𝑆 − 20𝑋𝑋)
𝑃𝑅𝑂𝐹. 𝑀. 𝑆𝑐. 𝐿𝑖𝑐. 𝐽𝑜𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑅𝑜𝑗𝑎𝑠 𝑂𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑔𝑎.

𝑆𝐸𝐺𝑈𝑁𝐷𝐴 𝑃𝑅Á𝐶𝑇𝐼𝐶𝐴: 𝐹𝑈𝑁𝐶𝐼𝑂𝑁𝐸𝑆 𝑌 𝑅𝐸𝐿𝐴𝐶𝐼𝑂𝑁𝐸𝑆

1. 𝐴𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠:

𝑎) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 𝐸𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

𝑏) 𝑦 2 = 49𝑥 2 𝐸𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

𝑐) 𝑦 = √4𝑥 𝐸𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

𝑑) 𝑦 = log(𝑥) 𝐸𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

𝑒) 𝑦 = 𝑘 𝑥

𝑠𝑖 𝑘 < 0 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑛𝑖 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

𝑠𝑖 𝑘 = 1 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑛𝑖 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝑠𝑖 𝑘 > 0 𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

𝑓) 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 9 = 0 𝐸𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

𝑔) 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 10 = 0 𝐸𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

2
ℎ) 𝑦 3 = 𝑥 𝐸𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

𝑖) 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15 = 𝑦 𝐸𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

𝐸𝑛 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 ´´𝑥´´ 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑚𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 ´´𝑦´´.

2. ) 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3 𝑦 ℎ ≠ 0, 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟:

𝑎) 𝑓(10) = 2(10)2 + 4(10) − 3 = 237

5 5 2 5 83
𝑏) 𝑓 ( ) = 2 ( ) + 4 ( ) − 3 =
3 3 3 9

𝑐) 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑓(2 + 1) = 𝑓(2) + 𝑓(1)

𝑓(2 + 1) = 𝑓(2) + 𝑓(1)

2(2 + 1)2 + 4(2 + 1) − 3 = 2(2)2 + 4(2) − 3 + 2(1)2 + 4(1) − 3
27 = 13 + 3
27 ≠ 16

𝐿𝑎 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑛𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒

𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥) 2(𝑥 + ℎ)2 + 4(𝑥 + ℎ) − 3 − (2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3)

𝑑) =
ℎ ℎ
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥) 2(𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥 + ℎ2 ) + 4𝑥 + 4ℎ − 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3
=
ℎ ℎ
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥) 2𝑥 2 + 4ℎ𝑥 + 2ℎ2 + 4ℎ − 2𝑥 2
=
ℎ ℎ
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥) 4ℎ𝑥 + 2ℎ2 + 4ℎ
=
ℎ ℎ
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥) ℎ(4𝑥 + 2ℎ + 4)
=
ℎ ℎ
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
= 4𝑥 + 2ℎ + 4
ℎ

3. ) 𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠: 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 𝑦 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 6, 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟:

𝑎) (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 6

𝑏) (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 − (2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 6) = 3𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 6

𝑐) (𝑓. 𝑔)(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 (2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 6) = 6𝑥 5 − 9𝑥 4 − 18𝑥 3

𝑓 3𝑥 3
𝑑) ( ) = 2
𝑔 (𝑥) 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 6

2𝑥
4. ) 𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠: 𝑓(𝑥) = √2𝑥 − 4 𝑦 𝑔(𝑥) = , 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟:
𝑥−4

2𝑥 (𝑥 − 4)√2𝑥 − 4 + 2𝑥
𝑎) (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = √2𝑥 − 4 + =
𝑥−4 𝑥−4

2𝑥 (𝑥 − 4)√2𝑥 − 4 − 2𝑥
𝑏) (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = √2𝑥 − 4 − =
𝑥−4 𝑥−4

2𝑥 2𝑥√2𝑥 − 4
𝑐) (𝑓. 𝑔)(𝑥) = √2𝑥 − 4 ( )=
𝑥−4 𝑥−4

𝑓 √2𝑥 − 4 (𝑥 − 4)√2𝑥 − 4
𝑑) ( ) = =
𝑔 (𝑥) 2𝑥 2𝑥
𝑥−4

5. ) 𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠: 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)2 𝑦 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 , 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛, 𝑠𝑖:

𝑎) (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = [(𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 ) + 1]2 = (1 + 𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 )2 = 1 + 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 3 = 4𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1

𝑏) (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)2 − 2[(𝑥 + 1)2 ]2 = (𝑥 + 1)2 − 2(𝑥 + 1)4 = (𝑥 + 1)2 [1 − 2(𝑥 + 1)2 ]
(𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)2 (1 − 2(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1)) = (𝑥 + 1)2 (1 − 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 2) = (𝑥 + 1)2 (−2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 1)

𝑐) (𝑓 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = [(𝑥 + 1)2 + 1]2 = (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 + 1)2 = (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2)2 = 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 2 + 4 + 4𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 + 8𝑥

(𝑓 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4

𝑑) (𝑔 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 ) − 2(𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 )2 = 𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 − 2(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 4 ) = 𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 4

(𝑔 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = −8𝑥 4 + 8𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥

2
6. ) 𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 𝑔(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3, 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟:
𝑥3

2
𝑎) (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) =
(4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3)3

2 2 2 16 4
𝑏) (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 4 ( 3 ) − 2 ( 3 ) − 3 = 6 − 3 − 3
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
 2 2 𝑥9
𝑐) (𝑓 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = = =
2 3 8 4
( ) 𝑥9
𝑥3

𝑑) (𝑔 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 4(4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3)2 − 2(4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3) − 3 = 4(4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3)2 − 8𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 6 − 3

(𝑔 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 4(4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3)2 − 8𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3

7. ) 𝐴𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠, 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑦 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒; 𝑦 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠:

𝑎) 𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 − 9𝑥 = 0

𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 − 9𝑥 = 0 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜
𝑥(𝑦 2 − 9) = −𝑦
−𝑦 𝐷𝑓 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ} 𝑦2 − 9 ≠ 0
𝑥= 2
𝑦 −9 (𝑦 + 3)(𝑦 − 3) ≠ 0
𝑦+3≠0 𝑦−3≠ 0
𝑦 ≠ −3 𝑦≠3
−1 ± √1 − 4𝑥(−9𝑥)
𝑦= 𝐶𝑓 = {𝑦 ∈ ℝ|𝑦 ≠ ±3}
2𝑥
−1 ± √36𝑥 2 + 1
𝑦=
2𝑥

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟í𝑎 𝐴𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠

𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 0 → 𝑦 = 0 𝑁𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑦2 − 9 = 0

𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑠𝑖 𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛 (𝑦 + 3)(𝑦 − 3) = 0
𝑠𝑖 𝑦 = 0 → 𝑥 = 0 𝑦+3=0 𝑦−3= 0
𝑦 = −3 𝑦=3

x y
0,57 -4
-0,40 -2
-0,13 -1
0 0
0,13 1
0,40 2
-0,57 4
𝑏) 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 16𝑦 = 0

𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 16𝑦 = 0 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜

𝑦(𝑥 2 − 16) = 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 2 − 16 ≠ 0 𝐶𝑓 = {𝑦 ∈ ℝ}
𝑦= 2
𝑥 − 16 (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 4) ≠ 0
𝑥+4≠ 0 𝑥−4 ≠0
𝑥 ≠ −4 𝑥≠4
1 ± √1 − 4𝑦(−16𝑦)
𝑥= 𝐷𝑓 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ|𝑥 ≠ ±4}
2𝑦
1 ± √64𝑦 2 + 1
𝑥=
2𝑦

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟í𝑎 𝐴𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠

𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 0 → 𝑦 = 0 𝑁𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑥 2 − 16 = 0

𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑠𝑖 𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛 (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 4) = 0
𝑠𝑖 𝑦 = 0 → 𝑥 = 0 𝑥+4 = 0 𝑥−4 =0
𝑥 = −4 𝑥=4

x y
-5 -0,56
-3 0,43
-1 0,07
1 -0,07
3 -0,43
5 0,56
𝑐) 𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦 + 9𝑥 = 0

𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦 + 9𝑥 = 0 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜
𝑥(𝑦 2 + 9) = 𝑦
𝑦 1 − 36𝑥 2 ≥ 0 ÷ 36 𝐶𝑓 = {𝑦 ∈ ℝ}
𝑥= 2
𝑦 +9 1
− 𝑥2 ≥ 0
36
1 1
( + 𝑥) ( − 𝑥) ≥ 0
1 ± √1 − 4𝑥(9𝑥) 6 6
𝑦=
2𝑥 1 1
1 ± √1 − 36𝑥 2 +𝑥 = 0 −𝑥 = 0
𝑦= 6 6
2𝑥 1 1
𝑥=− 𝑥=
6 6

1 1
𝐷𝑓 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ| − ≤𝑥≤ }
6 6

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟í𝑎 𝐴𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠

𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 0 → 𝑦 = 0 𝑁𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 1 − 36𝑥 2 = 0 ÷ 36

𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑠𝑖 𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛 1
− 𝑥2 = 0
𝑠𝑖 𝑦 = 0 → 𝑥 = 0 36
1 1
( + 𝑥) ( − 𝑥) = 0
6 6
1 1
+𝑥 = 0 −𝑥 =0
6 6
1 1
𝑥=− 𝑥=
6 6

x y
-0,17 -3
-0,15 -2
-0,10 -1
0 0
0,10 1
0,15 2
0,17 3
 2
𝑑) 𝑦 =
(𝑥 − 1)2

2 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜
𝑦=
(𝑥 − 1)2
2 2 𝑥−1≠ 0 𝑦>0
(𝑥 − 1)2 = → 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 − = 0
𝑦 𝑦 𝑥≠1
𝐶𝑓 = {𝑦 ∈ ℝ|𝑦 > 0}
2
𝑥−1= √ 𝐷𝑓 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ|𝑥 ≠ 1}
𝑦

2
𝑥 = √ +1
𝑦
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟í𝑎 𝐴𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠

𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 0 → 𝑦 = 2 𝑁𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠

𝑛𝑖 𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑥−1 = 0→ 𝑥 = 1
𝑠𝑖 𝑦 = 0 → 𝑥 =?
𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑦=0

x y
-2 0,22
-1 0,50
0 2
2 2
3 0,50
4 0,22
𝑒) 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦 = 0

𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦 = 0 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜

𝑦 ± √𝑦 2 − 4(9𝑦) 𝑥−9 ≠ 0 𝑦 2 − 36𝑦 ≥ 0

𝑥= 𝑥≠9 𝑦(𝑦 − 36) ≥ 0
2
𝑦 ± √𝑦 2 − 36𝑦
𝑥= 𝐷𝑓 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ|𝑥 ≠ 9} 𝑦=0 𝑦 − 36 = 0
2 𝑦 = 36

𝑥𝑦 − 9𝑦 = 𝑥 2
𝑦(𝑥 − 9) = 𝑥 2 𝐶𝑓 = {𝑦 ∈ ℝ|𝑦 ≤ 0; 𝑦 ≥ 36}
𝑥2
𝑦=
𝑥−9

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟í𝑎 𝐴𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠

𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 0 → 𝑦 = 0 𝑁𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑥−9 = 0→ 𝑥 = 9

𝑛𝑖 𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛
𝑠𝑖 𝑦 = 0 → 𝑥 = 0

x y
6 -12
7 -24,50
8 -64
10 100
11 60,50
12 48
𝑓) 𝑥𝑦 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 = 0

𝑥𝑦 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 = 0 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜

(𝑥 − 1)𝑦 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 = 0 12𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 ≥ 0 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 1 ≥ 0

1
12𝑥 (𝑥 + ) ≥ 0
−4𝑥 ± √16𝑥 2 − 4𝑥(𝑥 − 1) 3 −4 ± √16 − 4
𝑦= 𝑦=
2(𝑥 − 1) 2
1 𝑦 = −2 ± √3
−4𝑥 ± √16𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 𝑥=0 𝑥+ =0
𝑦= 3
2(𝑥 − 1) 1
𝑥=−
−4𝑥 ± √12𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 3
𝑦=
2(𝑥 − 1) 𝐶𝑓 = {𝑦 ∈ ℝ|𝑦 ≤ −2 − √3; 𝑦 ≥ −2 + √3}

𝑥𝑦 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 1
𝐷𝑓 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ|𝑥 ≤ − ; 𝑥 ≥ 0}
𝑥(𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 1) = 𝑦 2 3
𝑦2
𝑥= 2
𝑦 + 4𝑦 + 1

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟í𝑎 𝐴𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠

𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 0 → 𝑦 = 0 𝑁𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 1 = 0

𝑛𝑖 𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛
𝑠𝑖 𝑦 = 0 → 𝑥 = 0 −4 ± √16 − 4
𝑦=
2
𝑦 = −2 ± √3

x −4𝑥 + √12𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 −4𝑥 − √12𝑥 2 + 4𝑥

𝑦= 𝑦=
2(𝑥 − 1) 2(𝑥 − 1)
-3 -2,72 -0,28
-2 -2,39 -0,28
-1 -1,71 -0,29
1 −0,5 −0,5
−
3
0 0 0
1 −0,25 −0,25
2 -0,26 -7,74
3 -0,26 -5,74
𝑔) 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 9𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 2 = 0

𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 9𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 2 = 0 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜

𝑥 2 (𝑦 2 − 9) = 9𝑦 2 𝑥2 𝑦2
9𝑦 2 ≥0 ≥0
𝑥2 − 9 𝑦2 − 9
𝑥2 = 2 𝑥2
𝑦 −9 𝑦2
≥0 ≥0
(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 3) (𝑦 + 3)(𝑦 − 3)
9𝑦 2 𝑦2
𝑥=√ 2 = 3√ 2 𝑥+3 = 0 𝑥=0 𝑥−3=0 𝑦+3 =0 𝑦=0 𝑦−3 =0
𝑦 −9 𝑦 −9 𝑥 = −3 𝑥=3 𝑦 = −3 𝑦=3

𝑦 2 (𝑥 2 − 9) = 9𝑥 2
9𝑥 2 𝐷𝑓 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ|𝑥 < −3; 𝑥 = 0; 𝑥 > 3} 𝐶𝑓 = {𝑦 ∈ ℝ|𝑦 < −3; 𝑦 = 0; 𝑦 > 3}
𝑦2 = 2
𝑥 −9
9𝑥 2 𝑥2
𝑦=√ 2 = 3√ 2
𝑥 −9 𝑥 −9

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟í𝑎 𝐴𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠

𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 0 → 𝑦 = 0 𝐸𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑦 𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠

𝑥2 − 9 = 0
𝑠𝑖 𝑦 = 0 → 𝑥 = 0 (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 3) = 0
𝑥+3 = 0 𝑥−3 =0
𝑥 = −3 𝑥=3

𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑦2 − 9 = 0
(𝑦 + 3)(𝑦 − 3) = 0
𝑦+3=0 𝑦−3 =0
𝑦 = −3 𝑦=

x y
-6 ±3,46
-5 ±3,75
-4 ±4,54
0 0
4 ±4,54
5 ±3,75
6 ±3,46
8. ) 𝐴𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟 (𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠) 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠, 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜
𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑦 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒:

𝑎) 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑥) + 𝐵, 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑥 > −1

𝑦 = ln(𝑥 + 1) + 2 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜

𝑦 − 2 = ln(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥+1 > 0 𝐶𝑓 = {𝑦 ∈ ℝ}

𝑥 + 1 = 𝑒 𝑦−2 𝑥 > −1
𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑦−2 − 1
𝐷𝑓 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ|𝑥 > −1}

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟í𝑎 𝐴𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠

𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 0 → 𝑦 = 2 𝑁𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑖 𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑥+1 = 0

𝑥 = −1
1 − 𝑒2
𝑠𝑖 𝑦 = 0 → 𝑥 =
𝑒2

x y
0 2
1 2,69
2 3,10
3 3,39
4 3,61
5 3,79
6 3,95
𝑏) 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑐, 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 (𝑘, 𝑎, 𝑐) ∈ ℝ

𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥 + 3 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜
𝑒 2𝑥 = 𝑦 − 3
2𝑥 = ln(𝑦 − 3) 𝐷𝑓 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ} 𝑦−3 >0
1 𝑦>3
𝑥 = ln(𝑦 − 3)
2
𝐶𝑓 = {𝑦 ∈ ℝ|𝑦 > 3}

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟í𝑎 𝐴𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠

𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 0 → 𝑦 = 4 𝑁𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑖 𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑦−3 =0

𝑦=3
𝑠𝑖 𝑦 = 0 → 𝑥 =?

x y
-3 3
-2 3,02
-1 3,14
0 4
9. ) 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠

𝑎) (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 4) > 0

𝑥 − 1 = 0 → 𝑥1 = 1
𝑥 + 4 = 0 → 𝑥2 = −4

𝐶𝑠 = (−∞; −4)𝑈(1; +∞)

𝑏) 8𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 18 ≤ 0

8𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 18 = 0 ÷2
4𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 9 = 0
(2𝑥 − 3)2 = 0
2𝑥 − 3 = 0
3
𝑥=
2

3
𝐶𝑠 = { }
2

4 7
𝑐) − + < −4
𝑥−1 𝑥+4
7 4
− +4 <0
𝑥+4 𝑥−1
7(𝑥 − 1) − 4(𝑥 + 4) + 4(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 1)
<0
(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 1)
7𝑥 − 7 − 4𝑥 − 16 + 4(𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4)
<0
(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 1)
3𝑥 − 23 + 4𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 16
<0
(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 1)
4𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 − 39
<0
(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 1)

−15 ± √(15)2 − 4(4)(−39) −15 ± √849

4𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 − 39 = 0 → 𝑥 = =
2(4) 8

𝑥 + 4 = 0 → 𝑥 = −4

𝑥−1 = 0→ 𝑥 =1

−15 − √849 −15 + √849

𝐶𝑠 = ( ; −4) 𝑈 (1; )
8 8
 4 7
+ <1
𝑑) {𝑥 − 1 𝑥 + 4
5 3
− >4
𝑥+3 𝑥−2

4 7 5 3
+ <1 − >4
𝑥−1 𝑥+4 𝑥+3 𝑥−2
4 7 5 3
+ −1 <0 − −4>0
𝑥−1 𝑥+4 𝑥+3 𝑥−2
4(𝑥 + 4) + 7(𝑥 − 1) − (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 4) 5(𝑥 − 2) − 3(𝑥 + 3) − 4(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2)
<0 >0
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 4) (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2)
4𝑥 + 16 + 7𝑥 − 7 − (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4) 5𝑥 − 10 − 3𝑥 − 9 − 4(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6)
<0 >0
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 4) (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2)
11𝑥 + 9 − 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 4 2𝑥 − 19 − 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 24
<0 >0
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 4) (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2)
−𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 13 −4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5
<0 >0
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 4) (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2)

−8 ± √82 − 4(−1)(13) −(−2) ± √(−2)2 − 4(−4)(5)

−𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 13 = 0 → 𝑥 = −4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5 = 0 → 𝑥 =
2(−1) 2(−4)
𝑥 = 4 ± √29 −1 ± √21
𝑥=
4
𝑥−1= 0→ 𝑥 =1
𝑥 + 3 = 0 → 𝑥 = −3
𝑥 + 4 = 0 → 𝑥 = −4
𝑥−2 = 0→ 𝑥 =2

−1 − √21
𝐶𝑠 = ( ; 1)
4

𝑒) |2𝑥 + 4| < 15
(2𝑥 + 4)2 − 152 < 0
(2𝑥 + 4 − 15)(2𝑥 + 4 + 15) < 0
(2𝑥 − 11)(2𝑥 + 19) < 0
2𝑥 − 11 = 0 2𝑥 + 19 = 0
2𝑥 = 11 2𝑥 = −19
11 19
𝑥= 𝑥=−
2 2

19 11
𝐶𝑠 = (− ; )
2 2

3𝑥 + 8
𝑓) | |=8
2𝑥 − 3
|3𝑥 + 8| = 8|2𝑥 − 3|
(3𝑥 + 8)2 − [8(2𝑥 − 3)]2 = 0
(3𝑥 + 8 − 16𝑥 + 24)(3𝑥 + 8 + 16𝑥 − 24) = 0
(32 − 13𝑥)(19𝑥 − 16) = 0

32 − 13𝑥 = 0 19𝑥 − 16 = 0
13𝑥 = 32 19𝑥 = 16
32 16
𝑥= 𝑥=
13 19
 7 − 5𝑥 1
𝑔) | |≤
3+𝑥 2
2
7 − 5𝑥 1 2
( ) −( ) ≤0
𝑥+3 2
7 − 5𝑥 1 7 − 5𝑥 1
( − )( + )≤0
𝑥+3 2 𝑥+3 2
14 − 10𝑥 − 𝑥 − 3 14 − 10𝑥 + 𝑥 + 3
( )( )≤0
2(𝑥 + 3) 2(𝑥 + 3)
(11 − 11𝑥)(17 − 9𝑥)
≤0
4(𝑥 + 3)2
11(𝑥 − 1)(9𝑥 − 17)
≤0
4(𝑥 + 3)2

𝑥−1 = 0 9𝑥 − 17 = 0 𝑥+3=0
𝑥=1 9𝑥 = 17 𝑥 = −3
17
𝑥=
9

17
𝐶𝑠 = [1; ]
9

5 1
ℎ) | |≥| |
2𝑥 − 1 𝑥−2
2
5 1 2
( ) −( ) ≥0
2𝑥 − 1 𝑥−2
5 1 5 1
( − )( + )≥0
2𝑥 − 1 𝑥 − 2 2𝑥 − 1 𝑥 − 2
5𝑥 − 10 − 2𝑥 + 1 5𝑥 − 10 + 2𝑥 − 1
( )( )≥0
(𝑥 − 2)(2𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 − 2)(2𝑥 − 1)
(3𝑥 − 9)(7𝑥 − 11)
≥0
(𝑥 − 2)2 (2𝑥 − 1)2
3(𝑥 − 3)(7𝑥 − 11)
≥0
(𝑥 − 2)2 (2𝑥 − 1)2

𝑥−3 = 0 7𝑥 − 11 = 0 𝑥−2 =0 2𝑥 − 1 = 0
𝑥=3 7𝑥 = 11 𝑥=2 2𝑥 = 1
11 1
𝑥= 𝑥=
7 2

1 1 11
𝐶𝑠 = (−∞; ) 𝑈 ( ; ] 𝑈[3; +∞)
2 2 7
 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3 > 0
𝑖) {
2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 1 < 0

𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3 → + =1 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1 → + =1
3 3 1 −1
2 2

𝑇𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 (0; 0), 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠:

0 + 2(0) − 3 > 0 2(0) − 0 − 1 < 0
−3 > 0 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 − 1 < 0 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑜
 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 7 > 0
𝑗) {3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 1 > 0
4𝑥 − 𝑦 − 17 < 0

𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 7 = 0 → + =1 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 0 → + =1 4𝑥 − 𝑦 − 17 = 0 → + =1
7 7 −
1 1 17 −17
3 3 2 4

𝑇𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 (0; 0), 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠:

0 + 3(0) − 7 > 0 3(0) − 2(0) + 1 > 0 4(0) − 0 − 17 < 0

−7 > 0 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 1>0 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑜 − 17 < 0 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑜
𝑘) 𝑦 ≤ −𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 15

𝑇𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 (0; 0), 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠:

0 ≤ −02 + 8(0) − 15
0 ≤ −15 → 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟

𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 16 = −15 + 16 − 𝑦 𝑠𝑖 𝑦 = 0 → 𝑥1 = 5; 𝑥2 = 3
(𝑥 − 4)2 = −(𝑦 − 1)

1 3
𝑉(4; 1) 𝐿𝑅 = 1 𝑎= 𝐹 (4; )
4 4
 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 ≤ 28
𝑙) {
𝑥−𝑦 > 1

𝑥−𝑦 = 1
𝑦 =𝑥−1 x 3
𝑦 = √𝑥 3 − 28
-3 -3,80
-2 -3,30
𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 = 28
-1 -3,07
(𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) = 28
0 -3,04
𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 28
1 -3
𝑥 2 + 𝑥(𝑥 − 1) + (𝑥 − 1)2 = 28
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 = 28 2 -2,71
3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 − 28 = 0 3 -1
3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 27 = 0 ÷3 4 3,30
2
𝑥 −𝑥−9= 0

1 ± √1 + 36 1 ± √37 x 𝑦=𝑥−1
𝑥= = -3 -4
2 2
-2 -3
1 + √37 1 − √37 -1 -2
𝑥1 = 𝑥2 = 0 -1
2 2
1 0
2 1
1 + √37 1 − √37 3 2
𝑦1 = −1 𝑦2 = −1 4 3
2 2
−1 + √37 −1 − √37
𝑦1 = 𝑦2 = 𝑆𝑖 𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 (0; 0), 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠:
2 2

1 + √37 −1 + √37 1 − √37 −1 − √37 03 − 03 ≤ 28 0−0 >1

𝑃1 ( ; ) 𝑃2 ( ; ) 0 ≤ 28 0>1
2 2 2 2
𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜
 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 > 16
𝑚) {
𝑦 2 ≤ 2𝑥 − 1

𝑦 2 = 2𝑥 − 1
𝑦 = √2𝑥 − 1 x 𝑦 = √2𝑥 − 1
0,50 0
1 ±1
𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 16 2 ±1,73
𝑥 2 − (2𝑥 − 1) = 16 3 ±2,24
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 − 16 = 0 4 ±2,65
(𝑥 − 1)2 − 42 = 0 5 ±3
(𝑥 − 1 − 4)(𝑥 − 1 + 4) = 0
6 ±3,32
(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 3) = 0
7 ±3,61
𝑥−5= 0 𝑥+3=0
𝑥1 = 5 𝑥2 = −3
x 𝑦 = √𝑥 2 − 16
𝑦1 = √2(5) − 1 𝑦2 = √2(−3) − 1 -7 ±5,74
𝑦1 = ±3 -6 ±4,47
-5 ±3
-4 0
𝑃1 (5; 3) 𝑃2 (5; −3) 4 0
5 ±3
6 ±4,47
7 ±5,74

𝑆𝑖 𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 (0; 0), 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠:

02 − 02 > 16 02 ≤ 2(0) − 1
0 > 16 0 ≤ −1
𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜
 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 > 16
𝑛) { 2
𝑦 ≤ 2𝑥 − 4

𝑦 2 = 2𝑥 − 4
𝑦 = √2𝑥 − 4 x 𝑦 = √2𝑥 − 4
2 0
3 ±1,41
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16 4 ±2
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4 = 16 5 ±2,45
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 20 = 0 6 ±2,83

−2 ± √4 + 80 −2 ± 2√21
𝑥= = = −1 ± √21
2 2 x 𝑦 = √16 − 𝑥 2
-4 0
𝑥1 = −1 + √21 𝑥2 = −1 − √21
-3 ±2,65
-2 ±3,46
𝑦1 = ±√2(−1 + √21) − 4 𝑦2 = ±√2(−1 − √21) − 4 -1 ±3,87
0 ±4
𝑦1 = ±√2√21 − 6 𝑦2 = ±√−2√21 − 6 1 ±3,87
2 ±3,46
3 ±2,65
4 0
𝑃1 (−1 + √21; √2√21 − 6) 𝑃2 (−1 + √21; −√2√21 − 6)
𝑆𝑖 𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 (0; 0), 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠:

02 + 02 > 16 02 ≤ 2(0) − 4
0 > 16 0 ≤ −4
𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜
 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 > 18
ñ) {
𝑦2 ≤ 𝑥 − 1

𝑦2 = 𝑥 − 1
𝑦 = √𝑥 − 1 x 𝑦 = √𝑥 − 1
1 0
2 ±1
2𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 = 18 3 ±1,41
2𝑥 2 + 3(𝑥 − 1) = 18 4 ±1,73
2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 3 − 18 = 0 5 ±2
2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 21 = 0

−3 ± √9 − 4(2)(−21) −3 ± √177 x
𝑥= = 18 − 2𝑥 2
2(2) 4 𝑦=√
3

−3 + √177 −3 − √177 -3 0
𝑥1 = 𝑥2 = -2 ±1,83
4 4
-1 ±2,31
0 ±2,45
−3 + √177 −3 − √177 1 ±2,31
𝑦1 = ±√ −1 𝑦2 = ±√ −1
4 4 2 ±1,83
3 0
√177 − 7 −7 − √177
𝑦1 = ±√ 𝑦2 = ±√
4 4 𝑆𝑖 𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 (0; 0), 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠:

−3 + √177 √177 − 7 −3 + √177 √177 − 7 2(0)2 + 3(0)2 > 18 02 ≤ 0 − 1

𝑃1 ( ;√ ) 𝑃2 ( ; −√ ) 0 > 18 0 ≤ −1
4 4 4 4
𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜
10. ) 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎:

𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 5
𝑎) {
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7

𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 5
5 − 𝑦2 x −𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 20 −𝑥 − √𝑥 2 + 20
𝑥= 𝑦= 𝑦=
𝑦 2 2
-5 5,85 -0,85
-4 5 -1
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7 -3 4,19 -1,19
5 − 𝑦2 -2 3,45 -1,45
2( ) + 3𝑦 = 7 ×𝑦
𝑦 -1 2,79 -1,79
10 − 2𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 2 = 7𝑦 0 2,24 -2,24
𝑦 2 − 7𝑦 + 10 = 0 1 2 5
(𝑦 − 5)(𝑦 − 2) = 0 −
2 2
𝑦−5=0 𝑦−2 =0 1 1,79 -2,79
𝑦1 = 5 𝑦2 = 2

5 − 52 5 − 22 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7
𝑥1 = 𝑥2 =
5 2
1 𝑥 𝑦
𝑥1 = −4 𝑥2 = + =1
2 7 7
2 3
1
𝑃1 (−4; 5) 𝑃2 ( ; 2)
2
 3𝑥 2 − 7𝑦 2 = 12
𝑏) {
𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −2

𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −2
𝑥 = 3𝑦 − 2 x
3𝑥 2 − 12
𝑦 = ±√
7
3𝑥 2 − 7𝑦 2 = 12 -4 ±2,27
3(3𝑦 − 2)2 − 7𝑦 2 = 12 -3 ±1,46
3(9𝑦 2 − 12𝑦 + 4) − 7𝑦 2 = 12 -2 0
27𝑦 2 − 36𝑦 + 12 − 7𝑦 2 = 12 2 0
20𝑦 2 − 36𝑦 = 0 3 ±1,46
9
20𝑦 (𝑦 − ) = 0 4 ±2,27
5

9
𝑦1 = 0 𝑦− =0
5 𝑥 𝑦
9 𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −2 → + =1
𝑦2 = −2 2
5 3
9
𝑥1 = 3(0) − 2 𝑥2 = 3 ( ) − 2
5
17
𝑥1 = −2 𝑥2 =
5

17 9
𝑃1 (−2; 0) 𝑃2 ( ; )
5 5
 9𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 90
𝑐) {
𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 = 90

𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠

x 𝑦 = ±√90 − 9𝑥 2
9𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 9𝑦 2 = 90 − 90 90 − 𝑥 2
𝑦 = ±√
8𝑥 2 − 8𝑦 2 = 0 ÷8 9
𝑥2 − 𝑦2 = 0 -4 ±2,87
𝑥2 = 𝑦2 -3 ±3 ±3
-2 ±7,35 ±3,09
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠: -1 ±9 ±3,14
0 ±9,49 ±3,16
9𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 90 1 ±9 ±3,14
9𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 = 90 2 ±7,35 ±3,09
10𝑥 2 = 90
3 ±3 ±3
𝑥2 = 9
4 ±2,87
𝑥 = ±3

𝑦 = ±3

𝑃1 (3; 3) 𝑃2 (3; −3) 𝑃3 (−3; 3) 𝑃4 (−3; −3)

 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 28
𝑑) { 2
2𝑥 + 3𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 2 = 0

2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 2 = 0
(2𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 + 2𝑦) = 0 x 𝑥 + √112 − 3𝑥 2 𝑥 − √112 − 3𝑥 2
𝑦= 𝑦=
2 2
𝑦 = 2𝑥 𝑥 = −2𝑦 -4 2 -6
-3 3,11 -6,11
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 -2 4 -6
-1 4,72 -5,72
∗ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 28 0 5,29 -5,29
𝑥 2 − 𝑥(2𝑥) + (2𝑥)2 = 28 1 5,72 -4,72
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 2 = 28 2 6 -4
3𝑥 2 = 28
3 6,11 -3,11
28
𝑥2 = 4 6 -2
3
28 2√21
𝑥 = ±√ = ±
3 3

2√21 4√21
𝑦 = 2 (± )=±
3 3

2√21 4√21 2√21 4√21

𝑃1 ( ; ) 𝑃2 (− ;− )
3 3 3 3

∗ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 28
(−2𝑦)2 − (−2𝑦)𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 28
4𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 𝑦 2 = 28
7𝑦 2 = 28
𝑦2 = 4
𝑦 = ±2

𝑥 = −2(±2) = ∓4

𝑃3 (−4; 2) 𝑃4 (4; −2)

 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 12
𝑒) {
𝑥𝑦 = 6

𝑥𝑦 = 6
6 x 6
𝑦= 𝑦=
𝑥 𝑥
-2 -3
-1 -6
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 12 1 6
6 2 6 2 3
𝑥 2 + ( ) − 2𝑥 − 2 ( ) = 12
𝑥 𝑥 3 2
2
36 6 4 1,50
(𝑥 + 2 ) − 2 (𝑥 + ) = 12
𝑥 𝑥 5 1,20
𝐶𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
6
𝑧=𝑥+ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 12
𝑥
36 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 12 + 1 + 1
𝑧 − 12 = 𝑥 2 + 2
2
(𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 14
𝑥

𝑧 2 − 12 − 2𝑧 − 12 = 0 𝐶(1; 1) 𝑅 = √14 = 3,74

𝑧 2 − 2𝑧 − 24 = 0
(𝑧 − 6)(𝑧 + 4) = 0
6 6
(𝑥 + − 6) (𝑥 + + 4) = 0
𝑥 𝑥
(𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 6) = 0

𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 6 = 0
6 ± √36 − 24
𝑥= = 3 ± √3
2

𝑥1 = 3 + √3 𝑥2 = 3 − √3

6 6
𝑦1 = 𝑦2 =
3 + √3 3 − √3
𝑦1 = 3 − √3 𝑦2 = 3 + √3

𝑃1 (3 + √3; 3 − √3) 𝑃2 (3 − √3; 3 + √3)

 𝐿𝑜𝑔(𝑥𝑦) = 2
𝑓) {
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 1

log(𝑥𝑦) = 2
𝑥𝑦 = 102 x 100
100 𝑦=
𝑦= 𝑥
𝑥 -9 -11,11
-7 -14,28
-5 -20
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 1 -3 -33,33
100
3𝑥 − 2 ( )=1 ×𝑥 -1 -100
𝑥 1 100
3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 200 = 0
3 33,33
(3𝑥 − 25)(𝑥 + 8) = 0
5 20
3𝑥 − 25 = 0 𝑥+8=0 7 14,28
3𝑥 = 25 𝑥 = −8 9 11,11
25
𝑥1 = 𝑥2 = −8
3

100 100
𝑦1 = 𝑦2 =
25 −8
3
25
𝑦1 = 12 𝑦2 = −
2

25 25
𝑃1 ( ; 12) 𝑃2 (−8; − )
3 2
 𝐿𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 0
𝑔) { 𝑥 3
=
𝑦 2

𝐿𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 0
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑒0 𝑥+𝑦 = 1
𝑥+𝑦 = 1 𝑥 𝑦
+ =1
𝑦 =1−𝑥 1 1

𝑥 3 2𝑥 = 3𝑦
= 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 0 → 𝑦 = 0
𝑦 2
2𝑥 = 3𝑦
2𝑥 = 3(1 − 𝑥)
2𝑥 = 3 − 3𝑥
5𝑥 = 3
3
𝑥=
5

3
𝑦=1−
5
2
𝑦=
5

3 2
𝑃( ; )
5 5
𝐴𝑃𝐿𝐼𝐶𝐴𝐶𝐼𝑂𝑁𝐸𝑆 𝐴 𝐿𝐴𝑆 𝐶𝐼𝐸𝑁𝐶𝐼𝐴𝑆 𝐸𝐶𝑂𝑁Ó𝑀𝐼𝐶𝐴𝑆

1. ) 𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎 𝑦 𝑜𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎, 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒: 𝑝 = 2𝑞 2 + 4𝑞 + 6; 𝑝 = 18 − 3𝑞 − 𝑞 2 . 𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟

𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑦 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑜.

𝑝 = 2𝑞 2 + 4𝑞 + 6 𝑂𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎
{
𝑝 = 18 − 3𝑞 − 𝑞 2 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎

2𝑞 2 + 4𝑞 + 6 = 18 − 3𝑞 − 𝑞 2
3𝑞 2 + 7𝑞 − 12 = 0

−7 ± √72 − 4(3)(−12)
𝑞=
2(3)
−7 + √193 −7 − √193
𝑞1 = 𝑞2 =
6 6

2
−7 + √193 −7 + √193
𝑝1 = 18 − 3 ( )−( ) = 13,23 𝑃𝐸(1,15; 13,23)
6 6

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟:
𝑝 = 2𝑞 2 + 4𝑞 + 6 𝑠𝑖 𝑞 = 0 → 𝑝 = 6 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 = 0 → 𝑞 =?

𝑝 = 18 − 3𝑞 − 𝑞 2 𝑠𝑖 𝑞 = 0 → 𝑝 = 18 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 = 0 → 𝑞 = 3; 𝑞 = −6
2. )𝑈𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎 𝑦 𝑜𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎: 𝑝 = −0,05𝑞 + 65 𝑦 𝑝 = 0,05𝑞 + 10.
𝑆𝑖 𝑠𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑎 𝑢𝑛 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 5 𝐵𝑠. 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑡í𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑟, 𝑦 𝑒𝑠𝑡é 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑢𝑛 𝑎𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑜; 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑦 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑢é𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑠.

𝑝 = −0,05𝑞 + 65 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎 → 𝑠𝑖 𝑞 = 0; 𝑝 = 65
{
𝑝 = 0,05𝑞 + 10 𝑂𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎 → 𝑠𝑖 𝑞 = 0; 𝑝 = 10

𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑠
−0,05𝑞 + 65 = 0,05𝑞 + 10
0,05𝑞 + 0,05𝑞 = 65 − 10
0,10𝑞 = 55
55
𝑞= = 550
0,10

𝑝 = 0,05(550) + 10 = 37,5 𝑃𝐸(550; 37,50)

𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑢é𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑠
𝑝 = −0,05𝑞 + 65 𝑝 = −0,05𝑞 + 65
{ → {
𝑝 = 0,05𝑞 + 10 + 5 𝑝 = 0,05𝑞 + 15 → 𝑠𝑖 𝑞 = 0; 𝑝 = 15

−0,05𝑞 + 65 = 0,05𝑞 + 15
0,05𝑞 + 0,05𝑞 = 65 − 15
0,10𝑞 = 50
50
𝑞= = 500
0,10

𝑝 = 0,05(500) + 15 = 40 𝑃𝐸(500; 40)

3. ) 𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎 𝑦 𝑜𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎, 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒, 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒
𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑦 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑜:

𝑝 = 2𝑞 2 + 4𝑞 + 6
𝑎) {
𝑝 = 18 − 3𝑞 − 𝑞 2

2𝑞 2 + 4𝑞 + 6 = 18 − 3𝑞 − 𝑞 2
3𝑞 2 + 7𝑞 − 12 = 0

−7 ± √72 − 4(3)(−12)
𝑞=
2(3)
−7 + √193 −7 − √193
𝑞1 = 𝑞2 =
6 6

2
−7 + √193 −7 + √193
𝑝1 = 18 − 3 ( )−( ) = 13,23 𝑃𝐸(1,15; 13,23)
6 6

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟:
𝑝 = 2𝑞 2 + 4𝑞 + 6 𝑠𝑖 𝑞 = 0 → 𝑝 = 6 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 = 0 → 𝑞 =?

𝑝 = 18 − 3𝑞 − 𝑞 2 𝑠𝑖 𝑞 = 0 → 𝑝 = 18 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 = 0 → 𝑞 = 3; 𝑞 = −6
 𝑝 = −3𝑞 2 + 6𝑞 + 436
𝑏) {
𝑝 = 𝑞 2 + 8𝑞 + 16

−3𝑞 2 + 6𝑞 + 436 = 𝑞 2 + 8𝑞 + 16
3𝑞 2 + 𝑞 2 + 8𝑞 − 6𝑞 + 16 − 436 = 0
4𝑞 2 + 2𝑞 − 420 = 0 ÷2
2𝑞 2 + 𝑞 − 210 = 0
(𝑞 − 10)(2𝑞 + 21) = 0

𝑞 − 10 = 0 2𝑞 + 21 = 0
21
𝑞 = 10 𝑞=−
2

𝑝 = 102 + 8(10) + 16 = 196 𝑃𝐸(10; 196)

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟
−3 ± √1317
𝑝 = −3𝑞 2 + 6𝑞 + 436 → 𝑠𝑖 𝑞 = 0; 𝑝 = 436 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 = 0; 𝑞 =
−3

𝑝 = 𝑞 2 + 8𝑞 + 16 → 𝑠𝑖 𝑞 = 0; 𝑝 = 16 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 = 0; 𝑞 = −4
 (𝑝 + 2)𝑞 = 21.100 → 𝑠𝑖 𝑞 = 0 → 𝑝 =?
𝑐) {
4𝑝 − 𝑞 = 42 → 𝑠𝑖 𝑞 = 0 → 𝑝 = 10,50

4𝑝 − 𝑞 = 42 → 𝑞 = 4𝑝 − 42

(𝑝 + 2)(4𝑝 − 42) = 21.100

4𝑝 2 − 34𝑝 − 84 = 21.100
4𝑝 2 − 34𝑝 − 21.184 = 0 ÷2
2𝑝 2 − 17𝑝 − 10.592 = 0

17 ± √172 − 4(2)(−10592)
𝑝=
4

𝑝1 = 77,15 𝑝2 = −68,65

𝑞1 = 4(77,15) − 42 = 266,60 𝑃𝐸(266,60; 77,15)

4. ) (𝐺𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎). 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶(𝑥) = 17𝑥 + 3400 𝑦 𝑙𝑎
𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑅(𝑥) = 34𝑥

𝑎) 𝐸𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠

𝐺(𝑥) = 𝑅(𝑥) − 𝐶(𝑥) = 34𝑥 − (17𝑥 + 3400) = 34𝑥 − 17𝑥 − 3400 = 17𝑥 − 3400

𝑏) 𝐸𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝐺(300) 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠

𝐺(300) = 17(300) − 3400 = 1700 𝑢. 𝑚.

𝐿𝑎 𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑦 𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 300 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 1700 𝑢. 𝑚.

5. ) (𝑃𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑜). 𝑈𝑛𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒ñ𝑎 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑟𝑒 𝑦 𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠. 𝑆𝑖 𝑢𝑛 𝑗𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑅(𝑥) = 89𝑥, 𝑦 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝐶(𝑥) = 1400 + 75𝑥, 𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑗𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑟 −
𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑜.

𝐸𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑎 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜:

𝑅(𝑥) = 𝐶(𝑥)
89𝑥 = 1400 + 75𝑥
89𝑥 − 75𝑥 = 1400
14𝑥 = 1400
1400
𝑥=
14
𝑥 = 100

𝑆𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 100 𝑗𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠

6. ) 𝑆𝑖 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑎 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜, 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑦 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠
1 1
𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑜, 𝑠𝑖: 𝐶(𝑥) = 3600 + 25𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ; 𝑅(𝑥) = (175 − 𝑥) 𝑥
2 2

𝐶(𝑥) = 𝑅(𝑥)
1 1
3600 + 25𝑥 + 𝑥 2 = (175 − 𝑥) 𝑥
2 2
1 2 1
3600 + 25𝑥 + 𝑥 = 175𝑥 − 𝑥 2
2 2
1 2 1 2
𝑥 + 𝑥 + 25𝑥 − 175𝑥 + 3600 = 0
2 2
2
𝑥 − 150𝑥 + 3600 = 0
(𝑥 − 120)(𝑥 − 30) = 0

𝑥 − 120 = 0 𝑥 − 30 = 0
𝑥 = 120 𝑥 = 30

1
𝐶(120) = 𝑅(120) = [175 − (120)] (120) = 13800 𝑃𝐸1 (120; 13800)
2
1
𝐶(30) = 𝑅(30) = [175 − (30)] (30) = 4800 𝑃𝐸2 (30; 4800)
2

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟:
1
𝐶(𝑥) = 3600 + 25𝑥 + 𝑥 2 → 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 0; 𝐶(0) = 3600 𝑠𝑖 𝐶(𝑥) = 0; 𝑥 =?
2
1
𝑅(𝑥) = (175 − 𝑥) 𝑥 → 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 0; 𝑅(0) = 0 𝑠𝑖 𝑅(𝑥) = 0; 𝑥1 = 0 𝑦 𝑥2 = 350
2
7. ) 𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠:
𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒, 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛ó𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒: 𝑎) 𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙; 𝑏) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜
𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙; 𝑐) 𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙.

𝑎) 𝐶(𝑥) = 21,95𝑥 + 1400 → 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 0; 𝐶(0) = 1400 𝑠𝑖 𝐶(𝑥) = 0; 𝑥 = −63,78

𝑅(𝑥) = 20𝑥 → 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 0; 𝐶(0) = 0 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 20; 𝑅(20) = 400

𝐼𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 20

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝐸𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑.

𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 21,95

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝐸𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑.

𝐺𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 20 − 21,95 = −1,95

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝐿𝑎 𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑.
𝑏) 𝐶(𝑥) = 17𝑥 + 3400 → 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 0; 𝐶(0) = 3400 𝑠𝑖 𝐶(𝑥) = 0; 𝑥 = −200
𝑅(𝑥) = 34𝑥 → 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 0; 𝑅(0) = 0 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 100; 𝑅(100) = 3400

𝐼𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 34

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝐸𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑.

𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 17

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝐸𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑.

𝐺𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 34 − 17 = 17

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝐿𝑎 𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑.

8. ) 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠: 𝐶(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 𝑦
𝑅(𝑥) = 50𝑥 − 6𝑥 2 , 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒.

𝐶(𝑥) = 𝑅(𝑥)
𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 = 50𝑥 − 6𝑥 2
6𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 50𝑥 = 0
7𝑥 2 − 41𝑥 = 0
41
7𝑥 (𝑥 − ) = 0
7

41
𝑥=0 𝑥− =0
7
41
𝑥=
7

41 41 41 2 41 4264
𝐶( ) = 𝑅( ) = ( ) +9( ) = 𝑃𝐸(5,86; 87,02)
7 7 7 7 49
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟:
𝐶(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 → 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 0; 𝐶(0) = 0 𝑠𝑖 𝐶(𝑥) = 0; 𝑥1 = 0 𝑦 𝑥2 = −9

𝑅(𝑥) = 50𝑥 − 6𝑥 2 → 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 0; 𝑅(0) = 0 𝑠𝑖 𝑅(𝑥) = 0; 𝑥1 = 0 𝑦 𝑥2 = 8,33