POLINOMIOS, FRACCIONES ALGEBRAICAS

ECUACIONES Y SISTEMAS RACIONALES (15ª entrega)

1 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟í𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑒: 𝟐𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂𝒃 − 𝒃𝟐

2𝑎 2 + 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏2 = 2𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏2 = (2𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏) − (𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 ) =

= 2𝑎(𝑎 + 𝑏) − 𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑏) = (2𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏)

2 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟í𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑒: 𝑷(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟐

𝑃(𝑥) 3 -2 -7 -2
𝑥 + 1 → −1 -3 5 2
3 -5 -2 𝑅=0
𝑥−2→ 2 6 2
Último cociente: 3 1 𝑅=0

1 1
3𝑥 + 1 = 0 → 𝑥 = − → 3𝑥 + 1 = 3 (𝑥 + )
3 3
1
𝑃 (𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 2)(3𝑥 + 1) = 3(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 2) (𝑥 + )
3

3 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟í𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑒: 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗

𝑥 4 − 10𝑥 2 + 9 =
⏟ 𝑡 2 − 10𝑡 + 9 =
⏟ (𝑡 − 9)(𝑡 − 1) =
𝑡 2 =𝑥 𝑡 2 −10𝑡+9=0
𝑡=9
{𝑡=1

(𝑥 2 − 9)(𝑥 2 − 1) =
⏟ (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
𝑎 2 −𝑏 2 =
(𝑎+𝑏)(𝑎−𝑏)

4 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟í𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑒 (𝑒𝑛 ℝ): 𝒑(𝒙) = 𝟒(𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏𝟎)

4 4
4(𝑥 4 − 10) = 4(𝑥 2 + √10)(𝑥 2 − √10) = 4(𝑥 2 + √10)(𝑥 − √10)(𝑥 + √10)
 𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛ó𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝒇 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒:
5
𝒇 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏, 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑙 − 𝟏 𝑦 𝒇(𝟎) = 𝟒.

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑓 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑦 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑥 2 + 1, 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠:

𝑓(𝑥 ) = (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 2 + 1); 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑎 = −1 → 𝑓(𝑥 ) = (−𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 2 + 1)
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑓(0) = 4 → (−0 + 𝑏)(02 + 1) = 4 → 𝑏 = 4 →
𝑓 (𝑥) = (−𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 2 + 1) = −𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 4

𝐿𝑎 𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑒 𝑦 𝟑𝟎 𝑎ñ𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎

6
𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑢 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑒. 𝑆𝑖 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝟗𝟎 𝑎ñ𝑜𝑠, ¿ 𝑞𝑢é 𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑜?

𝐴𝑛𝑎 → 𝑥 𝑎ñ𝑜𝑠
{𝑆𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑚á → 3𝑥 𝑎ñ𝑜𝑠 → 𝑥 + (3𝑥) + (𝑥 + 30) = 90 → 𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 𝑥 = 90 − 30 →
𝑆𝑢 𝑝𝑎𝑝á → 𝑥 + 30
60 𝐴𝑛𝑎 → 12 𝑎ñ𝑜𝑠
5𝑥 = 60 → 𝑥 = → 𝑥 = 12 → { 𝑆𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑚á → 36 𝑎ñ𝑜𝑠
5 𝑆𝑢 𝑝𝑎𝑝á → 42 𝑎ñ𝑜𝑠

𝐿𝑎𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎, 𝑙𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒
7 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐵𝑖𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔í𝑎 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑏𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑎 𝟐𝟎 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 ℎ𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎.
𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑦 𝐵𝑖𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔í𝑎 𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠.

𝑁º 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑠 = 𝑥

3 3 1
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎: 𝑥 → 𝐸𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜: 𝑥 − 𝑥 = 𝑥
4 4 4
1 1 1
𝐵𝑖𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔í𝑎: ( 𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑒 𝐻𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎: 20
5 4 20
3 1 15𝑥 + 𝑥 + 400 20𝑥
𝑥 + 𝑥 + 20 = 𝑥 → = → 16𝑥 + 400 = 20𝑥 → 𝑥 = 100
4 20 20 20

100 − 20 = 80 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑠

8 𝐻á𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑢𝑐𝑙í𝑑𝑒𝑎: 𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝟑𝒙𝒚𝟐 + 𝟓𝒚𝟑 − 𝟖 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝒙 − 𝟑.

4𝑥 2 𝑦 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 3 − 8 𝑥−3
−4𝑥 2 𝑦 + 12𝑥𝑦 2 4𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦 2
9𝑥𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 3 𝐶𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 ↑
−9𝑥𝑦 2 + 27𝑦 3 − 8
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 → 32𝑦 3 − 8
 9 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − (𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟐) + 𝟓

2𝑥 2 − (𝑥 + 1)2 + 3𝑥 = 2𝑥 (𝑥 − 2) + 5 →
⏟
(𝐴+𝐵) 2=𝐴2 +2𝐴𝐵+𝐵2

2𝑥 2 − (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 12 ) + 3𝑥 = 2𝑥 (𝑥 − 2) + 5 → 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1 + 3𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5 →
2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1 + 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 = 0 → −𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 6 = 0 →
⏟
−𝐴=0→𝐴=0

−(−5) ± √(−5)2 − 4 · 1 · 6
−(−𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 6) = 0 → 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 = 0 →
⏟ 𝑥=
2·1
𝐴𝑥 2 +𝐵𝑥+𝐶=0→
−𝐵±√𝐵2−4𝐴𝐶
𝑥=
2𝐴

5 ± √25 − 24 5±1 𝑥1 = 3
→𝑥= →𝑥= → 𝐷𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠: {
2 2 𝑥2 = 2

𝟓+𝒙 𝟓−𝒙 𝟐𝟓 − 𝒙𝟐 𝟏
10 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚í𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: ( + ) (𝟏 − 𝟐
)=
𝟓−𝒙 𝟓+𝒙 𝟐𝟓 + 𝒙 𝟐𝟓 − 𝒙𝟐

5+𝑥 5−𝑥 25 − 𝑥 2 1
( + ) (1 − 2
)= →
5−𝑥 5+𝑥 25 + 𝑥 25 − 𝑥 2
(5 + 𝑥)2 + (5 − 𝑥)2 25 + 𝑥 2 − (25 − 𝑥 2 ) 1
· 2
= →
(5 − 𝑥)(5 + 𝑥) 25 + 𝑥 25 − 𝑥 2
25 + 10𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 25 − 10𝑥 + 𝑥 2 2𝑥 2 1
2
· 2
= →
25 − 𝑥 25 + 𝑥 25 − 𝑥 2
2(25 + 𝑥 2 ) 2𝑥 2 1 4𝑥 2 1
2
· 2
= 2
→ 2
= → 4𝑥 2 = 1 →
(25 − 𝑥 ) (25 + 𝑥 ) 25 − 𝑥 25 − 𝑥 25 − 𝑥 2
1 1 1 1
𝑥 2 = → 𝑥 = ± (𝑣á𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠, 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛 ≠ ±5) → 𝑆 = {− , }
4 2 2 2

𝒙−𝟏
11 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: | | = |√𝟑 − 𝟐|
𝟐

𝑥−1
= 2 − √3 𝑥 = 5 − 2√3
𝑥−1 𝑥−1 2
| | = |√3 − 2| →⏟ | | = 2 − √3 → ˅ →{ ˅
2 2 𝑥 − 1
√3−2<0 𝑥 = −3 + 2√3
= √3 − 2
{ 2

𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑢𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑧𝑎 𝑦 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑟 𝟔 € 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
12 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠. 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑜, 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑚á𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑛, 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜
𝑎𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑢 𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑛 𝟎. 𝟖𝟎 € 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑜. ¿ 𝐶𝑢á𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛?
 6
𝑁º 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑠 = 𝑥, 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑏í𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑟 €
𝑥
6 6 12 12
6 = (𝑥 − 2) · ( + 0′ 80) → 6 = 𝑥 · + 0′ 8𝑥 − − 1′ 6 → 6 = 6 + 0′ 8𝑥 − − 1′6 →
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

12 0′ 8𝑥 2 − 12 − 1′ 6𝑥 0
0′ 8𝑥 − − 1′ 6 = 0 → = → 0′ 8𝑥 2 − 1′ 6𝑥 − 12 = 0 →
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

1′6 ± √1′ 62 + 0′ 8 · 48 1′6 ± 6′4 −3 (𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒)

𝑥= = ={ → 5 𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑠
1′6 1′6 5 (𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒)

𝒙 − 𝟒√𝒙 + 𝟑
13 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓í𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑒:
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏

𝑥 − 4√𝑥 + 3 𝑡 2 − 4𝑡 + 3 (𝑡 − 3)(𝑡 − 1) 𝑡−3 √𝑥 − 3

2
=
⏟ 4
= 2
= =
𝑥 −1 𝑡 −1 (𝑡 + 1)(𝑡 − 1)(𝑡 + 1) (𝑡 + 1)(𝑡 + 3) 𝑥 + 4√𝑥 + 3
𝑡=√𝑥

14 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟í𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑒: 𝟐𝒙𝟓 − 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏

𝑝(𝑥) = 2𝑥 5 − 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 − 1 = 𝑥 4 (2𝑥 − 1) + (2𝑥 − 1) = (2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 4 + 1) =

2
(2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1 − 2𝑥 2 ) = (2𝑥 − 1) [(𝑥 2 + 1)2 − (√2𝑥) ] =
(2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 2 + 1 − √2𝑥)(𝑥 2 + 1 + √2𝑥) =
(2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 2 + √2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 2 − √2𝑥 + 1)
±√2 ± √−2
𝑥 2 ± √2𝑥 + 1 = 0 → 𝑥 = ∉ℝ→
2
𝑥 2 + √2𝑥 + 1 𝑦 𝑥 2 − √2𝑥 + 1 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠.

15

1
𝑅𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝐴 →
𝑥 𝑑í𝑎𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑎 𝐵 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 → { 𝑥+5
1
𝑅𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝐵 →
𝑥
1 1 1 10𝑥 + 10𝑥 + 50 𝑥(𝑥 + 5)
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠, 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑠: + = → = →
𝑥 + 5 𝑥 10 10𝑥(𝑥 + 5) 10𝑥(𝑥 + 5)

15 ± √425 17.8 𝑑í𝑎𝑠

20𝑥 + 50 = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 → 𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 − 50 = 0 → 𝑥 = ≈{
2 −2.8 𝑑í𝑎𝑠 (𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒)
 √𝟐 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒎
16 𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝒎 𝑒𝑛: =
𝟐 √𝟏𝟑 · √𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐

√2 3 + 2𝑚
= → 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜:
2 √13 · √1 + 𝑚 2

2 (3 + 2𝑚 )2
= → 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑦 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠:
4 13(1 + 𝑚 2 )

1 9 + 12𝑚 + 4𝑚 2
= → 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠:
2 13 + 13𝑚 2

13 + 13𝑚 2 = 8𝑚 2 + 24𝑚 + 18 → 5𝑚 2 − 24𝑚 − 5 = 0 → 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:

24 ± √576 + 100 24 ± 26 𝑚 = 5 (𝑣á𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎)

𝑚= = ={ 1
10 10 𝑚 = − (𝑣á𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎)
5

𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑢𝑦𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝟑𝟔 𝑒𝑠𝑡á𝑛 𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑚é𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎.

17 𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑠 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒, 𝑠𝑖 𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝟏, 𝟒 𝒚 𝟒𝟑 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒,
𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑔𝑒𝑜𝑚é𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎.

𝑆𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑑, 𝑥, 𝑥 + 𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑠 → (𝑥 − 𝑑 ) + 𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑑 ) = 36 →

3𝑥 = 36 → 𝑥 = 12 → 𝐿𝑜𝑠 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛: 12 − 𝑑, 12, 12 + 𝑑
12 − 𝑑 + 1 = 13 − 𝑑 16 55 + 𝑑
{ 12 + 4 = 16 𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑔𝑒𝑜𝑚é𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 → = →
13 − 𝑑 16
12 + 𝑑 + 43 = 55 + 𝑑
256 = (55 + 𝑑 )(13 − 𝑑 ) → 246 = 715 − 55𝑑 + 13𝑑 − 𝑑 2 → 𝑑 2 + 42𝑑 − 459 = 0
−42 ± √422 − 4 · 459 𝑑 = −51 → 63, 12, −39
→𝑑= →{ (𝐷𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠)
2 𝑑 = 9 → 3, 12, 21

𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝒓 𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒

18
𝒓𝒙𝟐 + (𝒓 + 𝟏)𝒙 + (𝒓 − 𝟏) = 𝟎 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑠.

𝑆𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ∈ ℤ 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝑟𝑥 2 + (𝑟 + 1)𝑥 + (𝑟 − 1) = 0

𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑜 − 𝑉𝑖𝑒𝑡𝑎: (𝑠𝑖 𝑟 ≠ 0)
𝑟+1 𝑟+1 1
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = − 𝑥 + 𝑥 ∈ ℤ ∈ℤ 1+ ∈ℤ
{ 𝑟 𝑆𝑖 𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ ℤ → { 1 2
→{ 𝑟 →{ 𝑟
𝑟−1 1 2 𝑥1 · 𝑥2 ∈ ℤ 𝑟−1 1
𝑥1 · 𝑥2 = ∈ℤ 1− ∈ℤ
𝑟 𝑟 𝑟
1 1
→ ∈ ℤ → 𝑟 = ∈ ℚ, 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑡 ∈ ℤ, 𝑡 ≠ 0
𝑟 𝑡
1 2 1 1
𝑥 + ( + 1) 𝑥 + ( − 1) = 0 → 𝑥 2 + (𝑡 + 1)𝑥 + (1 − 𝑡) = 0 →
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
 −𝑡 − 1 ± √(𝑡 + 1)2 − 4(1 − 𝑡) −𝑡 − 1 ± √𝑡 2 + 6𝑡 − 3
𝑥= = ∈ℤ→
2 2
−6 ± √48 + 4𝑛2
∃𝑛 ∈ ℤ/ 𝑡 2 + 6𝑡 − 3 = 𝑛2 → 𝑡 2 + 6𝑡 − 𝑛2 − 3 = 0 → 𝑡 = →
2
𝑡 = −3 ± √𝑛2 + 12 ∈ ℤ → 𝑛2 + 12 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 → 𝑛2 = 4 →
𝑥 =2
𝑡 = −7 (𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒, 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠 { 1 )
𝑥2 = 4 1
𝑛 = ±2 ∧ ˅ → 𝑟=− ˅ 𝑟=1
𝑥 =0 7
𝑡 = 1 (𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒, 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠 { 1 )
{ 𝑥2 = −2
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑟 = 0 → 𝑥 − 1 = 0 → 𝑥 = 1 ∈ ℤ

19

𝑞(1) = 0
3 2
𝑞 (𝑥) = 𝑥 − 𝑥 = 𝑥 (𝑥 − 1) = 𝑥(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) → {𝑞(−1) = 0
𝑞(0) = 0

𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑞⏟
(𝑥) · 𝑐⏟
(𝑥) + 𝑟⏟
(𝑥),
𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜

𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜(𝑟(𝑥)) < 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜(𝑞(𝑥)) = 3 → 𝑟(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐

𝑝(1) = 1 → 1 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 𝑎+𝑏+4= 1
3 2
𝑝(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 𝑥) · 𝑐 (𝑥) + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐; {𝑝(−1) = 3 → 𝑎 − 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 3 → {𝑎 − 𝑏 + 4 = 3 →
𝑝(0) = 4 → 𝑐 = 4 𝑐=4

𝑎 = −2
{𝑏 = −1 → 𝑟(𝑥) = −2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 4
𝑐=4

20

⏟4 + 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 + 𝑎 = (𝑥 + 2)𝑃(𝑥) → 𝑄(−2) = 0 → 16 − 8 − 20 + 30 + 𝑎 = 0 →

𝑥
𝑄(𝑥)

𝑎 = −18 → 𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖: 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 − 18 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 9)

𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 9 → 𝑃 (3) = 0 → 𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖:

 𝑥−3= 0 →𝑥 = 3
2
𝑃 (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 3); 𝑃(𝑥) = 0 → { 2 −2 ± √−8 →
𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 3 = 0 → 𝑥 = ∉ℝ
2

𝑅𝑎í𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑃(𝑥): 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑥 = 3

𝒙𝟒 𝟕𝑳𝟑
21 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: − 𝑳𝒙𝟐 − =𝟎
𝟐𝑳 𝟑𝟎

𝑥4 7𝐿3 15𝑥 4 − 30𝐿2 𝑥 2 − 7𝐿4

− 𝐿𝑥 2 − =0→ = 0 → 15𝑥 4 − 30𝐿2 𝑥 2 − 7𝐿4 = 0 →
2𝐿 30 30𝐿

√330
2 2 2 𝐿2 (1 + )
30𝐿 ± √900𝐿4 + 420𝐿4 30𝐿 ± 2√330𝐿 15
𝑥2 = = = →
30 30 √330
𝐿2 (1 + ) < 0 (𝑛𝑜)
{ 15

√330 √330
𝑥 = ±√𝐿2 (1 + ) = ±𝐿√1 + ≈ ±1.487 ∗ 𝐿
15 15

𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝝀 − 𝝁 = 𝟎
𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚𝝀 − 𝝁 = 𝟎
22 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝟐𝒛 − 𝟐𝒛𝝀 − 𝝁 = 𝟎
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎
{ 𝒙+𝒚+𝒛−𝟑 = 𝟎

2 − 2𝑥𝜆 − 𝜇 = 0
2 − 2𝑦𝜆 − 𝜇 = 0
2𝑧 − 2𝑧𝜆 − 𝜇 = 0 →
𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 11 = 0
2

{ 𝑥+𝑦+𝑧−3= 0

𝜇=2
𝑆𝑖 𝜆 = 0 → { 𝑥 = −1, 𝑦 = 3 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, 𝜆, 𝜇) = (−1,3,1,0,2)
𝑧=1→{ →{
𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = −1 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, 𝜆, 𝜇) = (3, −1,1,0,2)

𝜇=0
𝑆𝑖 𝜆 = 1 → { 2 (𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒)
𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1 → {𝑧 = 9
𝑧=1
 2−𝜇
𝑥=
2𝜆
2−𝜇
𝑦=
2𝜆
𝜇
𝜆 ≠ 0, 𝜆 ≠ 1 → 𝑧=
2 − 2𝜆
2
2−𝜇 2−𝜇 2 𝜇 2
( ) +( ) +( ) = 11
2𝜆 2𝜆 2 − 2𝜆
2−𝜇 2−𝜇 𝜇
{ + + =3
2𝜆 2𝜆 2 − 2𝜆

𝑉𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑠 ú𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠:

2(2 − 𝜇)2 𝜇2 2(2 − 𝜇)2 (1 − 𝜆)2 + 𝜇2 𝜆2

+ = 11 = 11
4𝜆2 4(1 − 𝜆)2 4𝜆2 (1 − 𝜆)2
→ →
2−𝜇 𝜇 2(2 − 𝜇)(1 − 𝜆) + 𝜇𝜆
+ =3 =3
{ 𝜆 2(1 − 𝜆) { 2𝜆(1 − 𝜆)

2(2 − 𝜇)2 (1 − 𝜆)2 + 𝜇2 𝜆2 = 44𝜆2 (1 − 𝜆)2

{ →
2(2 − 𝜇)(1 − 𝜆) + 𝜇𝜆 = 6𝜆(1 − 𝜆)

2ª 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 2(2 − 2𝜆 − 𝜇 + 𝜆𝜇) + 𝜇𝜆 = 6𝜆 − 6𝜆2 →

3𝜇𝜆 − 2𝜇 = 6𝜆 − 6𝜆2 + 4𝜆 − 4 → (3𝜆 − 2)𝜇 = 2(−3𝜆2 + 5𝜆 − 2) →

⏟
𝑅𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖

(3𝜆 − 2)𝜇 = 2(3𝜆 − 2)(−𝜆 + 1) → (3𝜆 − 2)𝜇 − 2(3𝜆 − 2)(−𝜆 + 1) = 0 →

2
(3𝜆 − 2) = 0 → 𝜆 =
(3𝜆 − 2)[𝜇 + 2𝜆 − 2] = 0 → { 3
𝜇 + 2𝜆 − 2 = 0 → 𝜇 = 2(1 − 𝜆)

2 1 4 1 4
𝑆𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑦𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 1ª: 𝜆 = → 2(2 − 𝜇)2 · + 𝜇2 = 44 · · →
3 9 9 9 9

2𝜇2 − 8𝜇 + 8 + 4𝜇2 176 2 8√3

= → 27𝜇2 − 36𝜇 − 52 = 0 → 𝜇 = ±
9 81 3 9

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝜇 = 2(1 − 𝜆):

2(2𝜆)2 (1 − 𝜆)2 + [(2(1 − 𝜆))]2 𝜆2 = 44𝜆2 (1 − 𝜆)2 →

⏟
𝜆≠1

8𝜆2 + 4𝜆2 = 44𝜆2 → 𝜆 = 0 (𝑛𝑜 𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒)

23

𝑃(𝑎, 𝑏) = 𝑎4 + 𝑏4 − 4𝑎𝑏(𝑎2 + 𝑏2 ) + 5𝑎2 𝑏2 = 𝑎4 − 4𝑎3 𝑏 + 5𝑎2 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑏3 + 𝑏4 →

𝑃(𝑎, 𝑏) 𝑎 4 𝑎 3 𝑎 2 𝑎
4
= ( ) − 4 ( ) + 5 ( ⏟ 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1
) − 4( )+ 1 →
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎
𝑥=
𝑏

𝑃 (𝑥) = (𝑥 2 + 𝑟𝑥 + 𝑠)(𝑥 2 + 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑛) =

𝑟 + 𝑚 = −4
𝑛 + 𝑠 + 𝑟𝑚 = 5
𝑥 4 + (𝑟 + 𝑚 )𝑥 3 + (𝑛 + 𝑠 + 𝑟𝑚 )𝑥 2 + (𝑟𝑛 + 𝑠𝑚 ) + 𝑠𝑛 → { →
𝑟𝑛 + 𝑠𝑚 = −4
𝑠𝑛 = 1

𝑚 = −4 − 𝑟
1
+ 𝑠 + 𝑟(−4 − 𝑟) = 5 1
𝑠 + 𝑠 + 𝑟(−4 − 𝑟) = 5
𝑟 ; { 𝑠 → { 1 + 𝑠 2 − 4𝑟𝑠 − 𝑠𝑟 2 = 5𝑠 →
( )
+ 𝑠 −4 − 𝑟 = −4 𝑟 𝑟 − 4𝑠 2 − 𝑟𝑠 2 = −4𝑠
𝑠 + 𝑠(−4 − 𝑟) = −4
𝑠
1
𝑛=
{ 𝑠

(2ª) 𝑟 − 4𝑠 2 − 𝑟𝑠 2 = −4𝑠 → 𝑟(1 − 𝑠 2 ) + 4𝑠 − 4𝑠 2 = 0 → 𝑟(1 + 𝑠)(1 − 𝑠) + 4𝑠 (1 − 𝑠) = 0

𝑠=1
→ (1 − 𝑠)[𝑟 + 𝑟𝑠 + 4𝑠] = 0 → { ˅
𝑟 + 𝑟𝑠 + 4𝑠 = 0
1
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑠 = 1 → 𝑛 = → 𝑛 = 1 𝑌 𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖é𝑛:
𝑠
𝑟 = −3 → 𝑚 = 1
(1ª) 2 − 4𝑟 − 𝑟 2 = 5 → 𝑟 2 + 4𝑟 + 3 = 0 → { ˅ →
𝑟 = −1 → 𝑚 = −3

𝑃(𝑎, 𝑏) 𝑎2 3𝑎 𝑎2 𝑎
𝐹 (𝑥) = (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1) → = [ − + 1] [ − + 1] →
𝑏4 𝑏2 𝑏 𝑏2 𝑏

𝑎2 3𝑎 𝑎2 𝑎
𝑃 (𝑎, 𝑏) = 𝑏2 [ − + 1] · 𝑏 2[
− + 1] = (𝑎2 − 3𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 )(𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 ) →
𝑏2 𝑏 𝑏2 𝑏

(𝑎2 − 3𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 ) + (𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 ) = 2𝑎2 − 4𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑏2 = 2(𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 ) = 2(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 →

𝑎+𝑏
 24

3 3
𝑥 = √3 + √3 + √3 − √3 →

3
3 3
𝑥 = ( √3 + √3 + √3 − √3) =
3

3 2 2 3
3 3 3 3 3 3
( √3 + √3) + 3 ( √3 + √3) ( √3 − √3) + 3 ( √3 + √3) ( √3 − √3) + ( √3 − √3) =

3 3 3 3
3 + √3 + 3 [( √3 + √3) ( √3 − √3)] [⏟
√3 + √3 + √3 − √3] + 3 − √3 →
𝑥

3 3 3 3
𝑥 3 = 6 + 3√9 − 3𝑥 → 𝑥 3 − 6 = 3√6𝑥 → (𝑥 3 − 6)3 = (3√6𝑥) →

𝑥 9 − 18𝑥 6 + 108𝑥 3 − 216 = 162𝑥 3 → 𝑥 9 − 18𝑥 6 − 54𝑥 3 − 216 = 0 →

𝑝=3
𝑛 = 18
𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑥 3𝑝 − 𝑛𝑥 2𝑝 + 𝑚𝑥 𝑝 + 𝑞 𝑦 𝐹 (𝑥) = 𝑥 9 − 18𝑥 6 − 54𝑥 3 − 216 → { →
𝑚 = −54
𝑞 = −216

𝑝 + 𝑛 + 𝑚 + 𝑞 = 3 + 18 − 54 − 216 = −249
25

𝑎) 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠.

𝑏) 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟. 𝑐) 𝒒 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝒂𝒏 𝑦 𝒑 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝒂𝟎 .

𝑑) 𝐸𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑟𝑎í𝑧 𝑑𝑒 𝒑(𝒙) 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑔𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝒒.

𝑒) 𝐸𝑠 𝒙𝒌

𝑂𝑏𝑡é𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛ó𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒:

26

𝐵𝑢𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑓:

9
𝑓(−2) = 0 𝑓 (−3) = −
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 { 𝑓(1) = 0 → 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 3); { 2→
7
𝑓(3) = 0 𝑓 (4) =
2
 9 3
𝑎(−1)(−4)(−6) = − 𝑎=
{ 2→{ 16 → ∄𝑓
7 7
𝑎∗6∗3∗1 = 𝑎=
2 36

𝐵𝑢𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑜 𝑑𝑒 4º 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜: 𝑓 (𝑥) = (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 3)

9 9 9 1
𝑓(−3) = − (−3𝑎 + 𝑏)(−1)(−4)(−6) = − 72𝑎 − 24𝑏 = − 𝑎=
{ 2 →{ 2 →{ 2 →{ 1008
7 7 7 4
𝑓 (4) = (4𝑎 + 𝑏) ∗ 6 ∗ 3 ∗ 1 = 72𝑎 + 18𝑏 = 𝑏=
2 2 2 21

1 4 8 53 389 2 95 3 1
𝑓(𝑥) = ( 𝑥 + ) (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 3) = − 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥4
1008 21 7 56 1008 504 1008

𝑓 (1) = 0 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐+𝑑 = 0
𝑓(−2) = 0 𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 4𝑐 − 8𝑑 = 0
𝑓 (3) = 0 𝑎 + 3𝑏 + 9𝑐 + 27𝑑 = 0
2ª) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑥 3 → 9 → 9
𝑓(−3) = − 𝑎 − 3𝑏 + 9𝑐 − 27𝑑 = −
2 2
7 7
{ 𝑓 (4) = 2 { 𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 16𝑐 + 64𝑑 = 2

𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒. 𝐵𝑢𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑓 𝑑𝑒 4º 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜:

𝑎+𝑏+𝑐+𝑑+𝑟 = 0
𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 4𝑐 − 8𝑑 + 16𝑟 = 0
𝑎 + 3𝑏 + 9𝑐 + 27𝑑 + 81𝑟 = 0
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑥 3 + 𝑟𝑥 4 → 9→
𝑎 − 3𝑏 + 9𝑐 − 27𝑑 + 81𝑟 = −
2
7
{𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 16𝑐 + 64𝑑 + 256𝑟 =
2
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐+𝑑+𝑟 = 0 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐+𝑑+𝑟 = 0
−3𝑏 + 3𝑐 − 9𝑑 + 15𝑟 = 0 −𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑑 + 5𝑟 = 0
2𝑏 + 8𝑐 + 26𝑑 + 80𝑟 = 0 𝑏 + 4𝑐 + 13𝑑 + 40𝑟 = 0
9→ 9 → ⏟
−4𝑏 + 8𝑐 − 28𝑑 + 80𝑟 = − −𝑏 + 2𝑐 − 7𝑑 + 20𝑟 = −
2 8 (𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝐸2 )
7 7
{ 3𝑏 + 15𝑐 + 63𝑑 + 255𝑟 = 2 { 𝑏 + 5𝑐 + 21𝑑 + 85𝑟 = 6

𝑎 + 2𝑐 − 2𝑑 + 6𝑟 = 0 𝑎 + 2𝑐 − 2𝑑 + 6𝑟 = 0 𝑎 − 6𝑑 − 12𝑟 = 0
−𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑑 + 5𝑟 = 0 −𝑏 + 𝑐 − 3𝑑 + 5𝑟 = 0 −𝑏 − 5𝑑 − 4𝑟 = 0
5𝑐 + 10𝑑 + 45𝑟 = 0 𝑐 + 2𝑑 + 9𝑟 = 0 𝑐 + 2𝑑 + 9𝑟 = 0
9 → 9 →
⏟ 9 →
𝑐 − 4𝑑 + 15𝑟 = − 𝑐 − 4𝑑 + 15𝑟 = − −6𝑑 + 6𝑟 = −
8 8 (𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝐸3 ) 8
7 7 7
{ 6𝑐 + 18𝑑 + 90𝑟 = 6 { 𝑐 + 3𝑑 + 15𝑟 = 36 { 𝑑 + 6𝑟 = 36
 9 8
𝑎 − 18𝑟 = 𝑎=
8 7
𝑎 − 6𝑑 − 12𝑟 = 0 45 53
−𝑏 − 5𝑑 − 4𝑟 = 0 −𝑏 − 9𝑟 = 𝑏=−
𝑐 + 2𝑑 + 9𝑟 = 0 48 56
9 9 389
~
⏟ 𝑐 + 11𝑟 = − → 𝑐=−
−𝑑 + 𝑟 = − 24 1008
48 (𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝐸4 )
7 9 95
𝑑 + 6𝑟 = −𝑑 + 𝑟 = − 𝑑=
{ 36 48 504
7 9 1
{ 7𝑟 = − { 𝑟 =
36 48 1008

8 53 389 2 95 3 1
𝑓(𝑥) = − 𝑥− 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥4
7 56 1008 504 1008

9
𝑓 (−3) = −
2ª 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝑓 (𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 3)(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) → { 2→
7
𝑓 (4) =
2
9 3 1
−24(−3𝑎 + 𝑏) = − 3𝑎 − 𝑏 = − 𝑎=
{ 2→{ 16 → { 1008 →
7 7 4
18(4𝑎 + 𝑏) = 4𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑏=
2 36 21

1 4
𝑓 (𝑥) = ( 𝑥 + ) (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 3)
1008 21

𝟒𝒕𝟐
27 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑟é𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎:
𝒕+𝟏

4𝑡 2 4𝑡 2 + 4𝑡 − 4𝑡 4𝑡(𝑡 + 1) − 4𝑡 − 4 + 4 4𝑡 (𝑡 + 1) − 4(𝑡 + 1) + 4
= = = =
𝑡+1 𝑡+1 𝑡+1 𝑡+1

4𝑡 (𝑡 + 1) − 4(𝑡 + 1) 4 (4𝑡 − 4)(𝑡 + 1) 4 4

+ = + = 4𝑡 − 4 +
𝑡+1 𝑡+1 𝑡+1 𝑡+1 𝑡+1

𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑜𝑠:
 4𝑡 2 + 0𝑡 + 0 𝑡+1
−4𝑡 2 − 4𝑡 4𝑡 − 4
−4𝑡 + 0 𝐶𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 ↑
4𝑡 + 4
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 = 4

4𝑡 2 (𝑡 + 1)(4𝑡 − 4) 4 4
4𝑡 2 = (𝑡 + 1)(4𝑡 − 4) + 4 → = + = 4𝑡 − 4 +
𝑡+1 𝑡+1 𝑡+1 𝑡+1

28

∑99
𝑛=0(−1)
𝑛+1 (
𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑛
𝑃 (𝑥, 𝑦) =
∑49
𝑛=0(𝑥 − 𝑦 )
2𝑛

∑99
𝑛=0(−1)
𝑛+1 𝑛
𝑡
𝑃𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠: 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑡 → 𝑃 (𝑡) = 49 2𝑛
=
∑𝑛=0 𝑡

𝑡 99 − 𝑡 98 + 𝑡 97 − ⋯ + 𝑡 − 1
=
(𝑡 2 )49 + (𝑡 2 )48 + (𝑡 2 )47 + ⋯ + 𝑡 2 + 1

[(𝑡 99 − 𝑡 98 + 𝑡 97 − ⋯ + 𝑡 − 1)(𝑡 + 1)](𝑡 − 1)

=
[(𝑡 2 )49 + (𝑡 2 )48 + (𝑡 2 )47 + ⋯ + 𝑡 2 + 1](𝑡 2 − 1)

(𝑡100 − 1)(𝑡 − 1) (𝑡100 − 1)(𝑡 − 1)

= = = 𝑡−1= 𝑥−𝑦−1
(𝑡 2 )50 − 1 (𝑡100 − 1)

29

𝑎) 𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑃(2) = 0
𝑆𝑖 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑃 (𝑥) 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑥 − 2 → 𝑃 (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2) · 𝑄
⏟ (𝑥) + 𝑅
⏟ → 𝑃 (2) = 0 · 𝑄 (2) + 𝑅
𝐶𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜

→ 𝑃 (2) = 𝑅 → 𝑅 = 0 → 𝑃(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2) · 𝑄(𝑥)

𝑏) 𝑃 (𝑥) = 𝑄(𝑥)(𝑥 − 3) → 𝑃(3) = 𝑄(3) · 0 = 0 → 𝑃(3) = 0

𝑃𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟 , 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜. 𝐸𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜: 𝑃(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 3) (⏟𝑥 − 3)𝑇 (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 3)2 · 𝑇 (𝑥),
𝑄(𝑥)

𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑇(𝑥) 𝑑𝑒 2º 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜.

𝑐) 𝑃 (𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 0) = 𝑎(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2)𝑥 = 𝑎(𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥) , 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑎 ∈ ℝ

𝑑) 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜: 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜(𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 ) < 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜(𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟) 𝑦 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜(𝑥 − 4) = 1 → 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜(𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 ) = 0

30

𝑃(𝑥) = 4(𝑥 − 2)120 + 7(𝑥 − 3)51 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑄(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6

5 ± √1 𝑥 =3
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 = 0 → 𝑥 = ={ 1 → 𝑄(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 2)
2 𝑥2 = 2

𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜(𝑄(𝑥)) = 2 → 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 (𝑅(𝑥)) ≤ 1 → 𝑅 (𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 (𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑜)

(𝑥)
𝑃⏟ = 𝑄
⏟ (𝑥) · 𝐶⏟
(𝑥) + 𝑅⏟
(𝑥) →
𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑜

4(𝑥 − 2)120 + 7(𝑥 − 3)51 = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 2) · 𝐶 (𝑥) + (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)

𝑥 = 2 → 7(2 − 3)51 = 0 · 𝐶 (2) + 2𝑎 + 𝑏 2𝑎 + 𝑏 = −7 𝑎 = 11

{ →{ →
⏟{ →
𝑥 = 3 → 4 · (3 − 2)120 = 0 · 𝐶 (3) + 3𝑎 + 𝑏 3𝑎 + 𝑏 = 4 − 𝑏 = −29

𝑅(𝑥) = 11𝑥 − 29

𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑷(𝒙) 𝑢𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑜 𝑚ó𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝒙𝑷(𝒙 + 𝟏) − 𝟑 = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝑷(𝒙) + 𝒙 − 𝟑.

31
𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒: 𝑷(𝟏) · 𝑷(𝟐).

𝑃 (𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 (𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑜 𝑚ó𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑛)

𝑥𝑃 (𝑥 + 1) − 3 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑃 (𝑥) + 𝑥 − 3 → 𝑥𝑃 (𝑥 + 1) = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑃 (𝑥) + 𝑥 →

𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)𝑛 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑥 → (𝑥 + 1)𝑛 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 𝑛−1 + 1 → 𝑛 = 2

 𝑃 (1) = 1
𝑃 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 → { → 𝑃 (1) · 𝑃 (2) = 4
𝑃 (2) = 4

𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑷(𝒙) 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑜 𝑚ó𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒

32 (𝒙 + 𝟏), (𝒙 + 𝟐), (𝒙 + 𝟑) 𝑦 (𝒙 + 𝟒). ¿ 𝐶𝑢á𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑎
𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝒙?

𝑃 (𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 4) = 𝑥 4 + ⋯ + 24

𝑄(𝑥) = 𝑃 (𝑥) + 𝐾 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑥 → 𝑄(0) = 0 → 𝑃(0) + 𝐾 = 0 → 24 + 𝐾 = 0

→ 𝐾 = −24

33

𝑥=0
𝑎) 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 = 0 → 𝑥 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) = 0 → { ˅
2
𝑏
𝑥=−
𝑎

2 2 4 4
𝑏) 𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑃 𝑥 = 𝑎 (𝑥 − ) → 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑎 (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + ) , 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑎 ∈ ℝ
( )
3 3 9

𝑥1 = 1
𝑐) 𝐿𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑎í𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑃 𝑥 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑃 𝑥 = 0 → { 2 = −2
( ) ( ) 𝑥
𝑥3 = 5

𝑑) 𝑀á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜: 4 𝑦 𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜: 0

𝑥 4 − 10𝑥 2 + 9 = 0 → 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠: {1, −1,3, −3}

𝑥 4 − 16𝑥 2 = 0 → 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠: {0,4, −4}
𝑥 4 + 8𝑥 2 − 9 = 0 → 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠: {1, −1}
𝑥 4 + 16𝑥 2 = 0 → 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: {0}
{ 𝑥 + 10𝑥 2 + 9 = 0 → 𝑁𝑜 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙.
4
 34

2𝑎 − 3 = 𝑏 − 6 2𝑎 − 3 = 𝑏 − 6
𝑏 − 6 = 𝑐 + 4 𝑏−6 = 𝑐+4
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑜𝑠: { 𝑐 →{ 4𝑐 →
+ 𝑐 = 12 = 12
3 3
𝑎=8
{ 𝑏 = → 𝐸 = √8 + 19 + 9 = √36 = 6
𝑐=9

35

2𝑎 − 1 = 𝑏 + 2 𝑏=5
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑜𝑠: {2𝑎 − 1 = 3𝑎 − 5 → { 𝑎 = 4
2𝑎 + 3𝑏 = 𝑐 𝑐 = 23

𝐸 = √2𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = √8 + 5 + 23 = √36 = 6

36
 3 10 3 − 6𝑥 25𝑥 2 − 10
3 3𝑥 −1 − 6 25 − 10𝑥 −2 3 𝑥 − 6 25 − 𝑥 2 3 𝑥2
√ + =√ + =√ 𝑥 + =
2−𝑥 −1 −2
2𝑥 − 5 1 2 2𝑥 − 1 2 − 5𝑥 2
2−𝑥 − 5
𝑥2 𝑥 𝑥2

2 3(1 − 2𝑥) 5(5𝑥 2 − 2) 3 3

√ + = √−3 − 5 = √−8 = −2
(−1)(1 − 2𝑥) (−1)(5𝑥 2 − 2)

37 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒:

𝑥=1
𝐿𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑥 𝑛𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔ú𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟. 𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑁𝑂 𝑉𝐴𝐿𝐸𝑁
𝑥 = −1

𝐸𝑠 1 − 𝑥 = −(𝑥 − 1) →

𝑥(𝑥 − 3) 1 1 𝑥(𝑥 − 3) 1 1 𝑥(𝑥 − 3) 1 1

= + → = + → = − (∗)
𝑥2 − 1 𝑥+1 1−𝑥 𝑥2 − 1 𝑥 + 1 −(𝑥 − 1) 𝑥2 − 1 𝑥+1 𝑥−1

𝑥 2 − 1 = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) → 𝑀í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚ú𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟 = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)

𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 𝑥−1 𝑥+1
(∗) → = − →
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)

𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 𝑥 − 1 − (𝑥 + 1)
= → 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 = 𝑥 − 1 − 𝑥 − 1 →
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)

3 ± √9 − 8 𝑥 = 1 (𝑁𝑂 𝑉𝐴𝐿𝐸)
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 = −2 → 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 = 0 → 𝑥 = →{
2 𝑥=2

𝒏 𝒏𝒏
𝑷(𝒙) = (𝟐𝒙𝒏 − 𝟓𝒙𝒏 + 𝟑)
38 𝑆𝑒𝑎𝑛: { 𝑸(𝒙) = (𝟕𝒙𝒏𝒏 + 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟒)𝟐 𝑦 𝑒𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑷(𝒙) · 𝑸(𝒙) · 𝑹(𝒙) 𝑒𝑠 𝟐𝟓. 𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝒏.
𝑹(𝒙) = 𝟗𝒙 − 𝟒

𝑛 𝑛𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛𝑛
𝑃(𝑥) = (2𝑥 𝑛 − 5𝑥 𝑛 + 3) = [2𝑛 (𝑥 𝑛 ) − ⋯ ] → 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜(𝑃 ) = 𝑛𝑛 · 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑛2𝑛

𝑛 2 𝑛 2
𝑄(𝑥) = (7𝑥 𝑛 + 6𝑥 − 4) = [49(𝑥 𝑛 ) + ⋯ ] → 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜(𝑄) = 𝑛𝑛 · 2 = 2𝑛𝑛

𝑅 (𝑥) = (9𝑥 − 4) → 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜(𝑅) = 1

𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜(𝑃 · 𝑄 · 𝑅) = 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜(𝑃 ) + 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜(𝑄) + 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜(𝑅) = 𝑛2𝑛 + 2𝑛𝑛 + 1 =

 (𝑛𝑛 )2 + 2𝑛𝑛 + 1 = (𝑛𝑛 + 1)2 ; 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜(𝑃 · 𝑄 · 𝑅) = 25 → (𝑛𝑛 + 1)2 = 25 →
⏟
𝑛𝑛+1>0

𝑛𝑛 + 1 = 5 → 𝑛𝑛 = 4 → 𝑛𝑛 = 22 → 𝑛 = 2

39
1 1
3𝑛 3 3𝑛 3
𝑛−2+
3
√𝑥 𝑛−2 7√𝑥 3𝑛 [𝑥 𝑛−2 𝑥7] (𝑥 7 ) 𝑛−2 𝑛 𝑛−2 7𝑛−14+3𝑛−𝑛+2 9𝑛−12
+ −
𝑀= 21 = 𝑛−2 = 𝑛−2 =𝑥 3 7 21 =𝑥 21 =𝑥 21
√𝑥 𝑛−2 𝑥 21 𝑥 21
9𝑛 − 12
𝑆𝑖 𝑀 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 2º 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜: = 2 → 9𝑛 − 12 = 42 → 9𝑛 = 54 → 𝑛 = 6
21

𝑷(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝟑𝒙𝒎−𝟐 𝒚𝒏−𝟏 (𝒙𝟕 + 𝒚𝟐𝒏−𝟑 ) 𝑒𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔é𝑛𝑒𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝟏𝟔.

40
𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝒎 − 𝒏.

𝑃 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 3𝑥 𝑚−2 𝑦 𝑛−1 (𝑥 7 + 𝑦 2𝑛−3 ) = 3𝑥 𝑚−2+7 𝑦 𝑛−1 + 3𝑥 𝑚−2 𝑦 𝑛−1+2𝑛−3 =

⏟𝑚+5 𝑦 𝑛−1
3 𝑥 +3 ⏟𝑚−2 𝑦 3𝑛−4
𝑥
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜:𝑚+5+𝑛−1 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜: 𝑚−2+3𝑛−4

𝑚 + 5 + 𝑛 − 1 = 16 𝑚 + 𝑛 = 12 𝑚=7
𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔é𝑛𝑒𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 16 → { →{ →{
𝑚 − 2 + 3𝑛 − 4 = 16 𝑚 + 3𝑛 = 22 𝑛=5

𝑚−𝑛=2

𝐷𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑛 𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑟 𝑃𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑔í𝑎, 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑎𝑧ó𝑛 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑛 𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑠
41 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑠 7 ∶ 3. 𝑆𝑖 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑎ñ𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑛 1.390 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑔í𝑎, ¿ 𝑐𝑢á𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑠
𝑛𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟á𝑛?

1390 − 𝑥 7
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑥 𝑒𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑜: = → 4170 − 3𝑥 = 7𝑥 → 10𝑥 = 4170 → 𝑥 = 417
𝑥 3
42

Autobús 1 Autobús 2
Distancia 𝑥 195 − 𝑥
Tiempo 𝑡 𝑡
Velocidad 60 70
𝑥 195 − 𝑥
𝑡= 𝑡=
60 70

𝑥 195 − 𝑥 90
= → 70𝑥 = 60(195 − 𝑥) → 130𝑥 − 11700 = 0 → 𝑥 = 90 𝑦 𝑡 = = 1.5
60 70 60

𝑎) 𝐸𝑙 1º 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒 90 𝑘𝑚 𝑦 𝑒𝑙 2º 105 𝑘𝑚

𝑏) 𝑇𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑛 1 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎 𝑦 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎

43

𝐺𝐴(𝑀) = 17 2(𝑎 − 1) + 3𝑏 = 17
𝑀 (𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 2(𝑎−1) 𝑦 3𝑏 𝑦 { →{ →
𝐺𝑅𝑥 (𝑀) = 𝑎 + 𝑏 2(𝑎 − 1) = 𝑎 + 𝑏

2𝑎 + 3𝑏 = 19 𝑎=5
{ →{ → 𝑎+𝑏 = 8
𝑎−𝑏=2 𝑏=3

44
 1 𝑛 𝐺𝐴(𝐸 ) = 10 3𝑚 + 2𝑛 + 5𝑚 − 𝑛 = 10
𝐸(𝑥, 𝑦) = 9𝑚 ( ) 𝑥 3𝑚+2𝑛 𝑦 5𝑚−𝑛 𝑦 { →{ →
3 𝐺𝑅𝑥 (𝐸 ) = 7 3𝑚 + 2𝑛 = 7

8𝑚 + 𝑛 = 10 𝑚=1 𝑚
1 𝑛 1
1 2
{ →{ → 𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒: 9 ( ) = 9 ∗ ( ) = 1
3𝑚 + 2𝑛 = 7 𝑛=2 3 3

45

𝑥1+𝑚 𝑦 2−𝑛
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = = 𝑥1+𝑚−(1−𝑛) 𝑦 2−𝑛−(2−𝑚) = 𝑥 𝑚+𝑛 𝑦 𝑚−𝑛
𝑥1−𝑛 𝑦 2−𝑚

𝐺𝐴(𝑀) = 10 𝑚 + 𝑛 + 𝑚 − 𝑛 = 10
{ →{ → 𝑚+𝑛 = 6
𝐺𝑅𝑦 (𝑀) = 4 𝑚−𝑛 = 4

46

3𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 2 + 𝑎 − 𝑏 + 5 = 4𝑎 + 𝑏 + 7
𝑃 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑎𝑥 3𝑎+2𝑏+2 𝑦 𝑎−𝑏+5 + 𝑏𝑥 3𝑎+2𝑏−1 𝑦 𝑎−𝑏+6 ; {
3𝑎 + 2𝑏 − 1 + 𝑎 − 𝑏 + 6 = 4𝑎 + 𝑏 + 5

3𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 2 > 3𝑎 + 2𝑏 − 1 𝐺𝑅𝑥 (𝑃 ) = 3𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 2 4𝑎 + 𝑏 + 7 = 41
𝐸𝑠 { 𝑎 − 𝑏 + 5 < 𝑎 − 𝑏 + 6 → { 𝐺𝑅 𝑦 (𝑃 ) = 𝑎 − 𝑏 + 6 → {3𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 2 5 →
=
4𝑎 + 𝑏 + 7 > 4𝑎 + 𝑏 + 5 𝐺𝐴(𝑃 ) = 4𝑎 + 𝑏 + 7 𝑎−𝑏+6 2

4𝑎 + 𝑏 = 34 4𝑎 + 𝑏 = 34 ( ) −35𝑏 = −70
{ →{ → {4 26 − 9𝑏 + 𝑏 = 34 → {
6𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 4 = 5𝑎 − 5𝑏 + 30 𝑎 + 9𝑏 = 26 𝑎 = 26 − 9𝑏 𝑎 = 26 − 9𝑏
𝑎=8
→{ → 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 10
𝑏=2
 47

(𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 + 6)102 + (𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 + 4)53 − 2(𝑥 4 − 3𝑥) − 14 = (𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 + 5) · 𝐶 (𝑥) + 𝑅(𝑥)

𝑃𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑡 = 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 →

(𝑡 + 6)102 + (𝑡 + 4)53 − 2𝑡 − 14 = (𝑡 + 5)𝐶 (𝑡) + 𝑅

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑡 = −5 → 1102 + (−1)53 − 2(−5) − 14 = 0 · 𝐶 (𝑡) + 𝑅 → 𝑅 = −4

48 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝ó𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠: 𝑬 = 𝒂𝟑 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒃𝟑 𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝟑 𝒄𝟐 − 𝒃𝟓

𝐸 = 𝑎3 𝑏2 + 𝑏3 𝑐 2 − 𝑎3 𝑐 2 − 𝑏5 = 𝑎3 𝑏2 − 𝑎3 𝑐 2 − (𝑏5 − 𝑏3 𝑐 2 ) = 𝑎3 (𝑏2 − 𝑐 2 ) − 𝑏3 (𝑏2 − 𝑐 2 )

= (𝑎3 − 𝑏3 )(𝑏2 − 𝑐 2 ) =
⏟

(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 )(𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑏 + 𝑐) = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑏 + 𝑐)(𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 )

49

(5𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 1)(𝑎𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 3) = 5𝑎𝑥 2 + (15 + 𝑎𝑏)𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑏𝑦 2 + (15 + 𝑎)𝑥 + (3 + 3𝑏)𝑦 + 3

5𝑎 = 10
𝑎=2
15 + 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑛
𝑏=7
2 2 3𝑏 = 21
( )
𝑃 𝑥, 𝑦 = 10𝑥 + 𝑛𝑥𝑦 + 21𝑦 + 𝑚𝑥 + 24𝑦 + 𝑝 → → 𝑛 = 29 →
15 + 𝑎 = 𝑚
𝑚 = 17
3 + 3𝑏 = 24
{ 𝑝=3
{ 3=𝑝

𝑛 − 𝑚 + 𝑝 = 15
 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟í𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒:

50

𝑎4 + 2𝑎2 𝑏2 + 9𝑏4 = 𝑎4 + 6𝑎2 𝑏2 + 9𝑏4 − 4𝑎2 𝑏2 = (𝑎2 + 3𝑏2 )2 − (2𝑎𝑏)2 =

(𝑎2 + 3𝑏2 + 2𝑎𝑏)(𝑎2 + 3𝑏2 − 2𝑎𝑏) = (𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 3𝑏2 )(𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 3𝑏2 )

4𝑥 4 + 81𝑏4 = 4𝑥 4 + 36𝑥 2 𝑏2 + 81𝑏4 − 36𝑥 2 𝑏2 = (2𝑥 2 + 9𝑏2 )2 − (6𝑥𝑏)2 =

= (2𝑥 2 + 9𝑏2 + 6𝑥𝑏)(2𝑥 2 + 9𝑏2 − 6𝑥𝑏) = (2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑏 + 9𝑏2 )(2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑏 + 9𝑏2 )

16𝑥 4 + 31𝑥 2 𝑦 4 + 25𝑦 8 = 16𝑥 4 + 40𝑥 2 𝑦 4 + 25𝑦 8 − 9𝑥 2 𝑦 4 = (4𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 4 )2 − (3𝑥𝑦 2 )2 =

(4𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 4 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 )(4𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 4 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 ) = (4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 4 )(4𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 4 )

PROFESOR: ANTONIUS BENEDICTUS