Digital Electronics

Unit-4
Topic
• Binary Number System and Representation
• Basic and Universal Logic Gates
• Boolean Algebra
• Simplification of Boolean Algebra using De-Morgan’s
• Simplification of Boolean function using K-Map
Binary Number System and Representation
• Decimal Number System
We are familiar with the decimal number system which uses 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, i.e., ten symbols.
Binary Number System and Representation
• Binary Number System
In the binary system a number is expressed by two symbols or digits, 0 and 1.
Since the total number of symbols or digits used is two, it has a base 2.
Binary Number System and Representation
• Conversion of Binary to Decimal
Binary Number System and Representation
• Conversion of Binary to Decimal
Binary Number System and Representation
• Conversion of Decimal to Binary
Binary Number System and Representation
• Conversion of Decimal to Binary
Binary Number System and Representation
• Conversion of Decimal to Binary
Binary Number System and Representation
• Binary to Octal Conversion
This was used extensively by early minicomputers. The octal system is formed
by grouping bits in groups of 3, starting at the binary point.

• Octal to Binary Conversion

Binary Number System and Representation
• Binary to Octal Conversion
Binary Number System and Representation
• Converting Binary to Hexadecimal
In a group of 4 bits, the decimal number 0–15 can be represented by a
unique symbol. So 10–15 is represented by symbols A, B, C, D, E and F.

• Converting Hexadecimal to Binary

Binary Number System and Representation
• Converting Hexadecimal to Decimal

• Converting Decimal to Hexadecimal

Binary Number System and Representation
• Binary Addition
Binary Number System and Representation
• Binary Subtraction
The computer arithmetic process is done not only with positive numbers; it is
also done with negative numbers.
• Complement of Binary Numbers
• The 1’s and 2’s complement operation is useful to represent the
negative numbers.
• 1’s complement of a binary number is just an inversion of individual
bits.
• The 2’s complement of a given binary number is also found by adding 1
to the least significant bit of the 1’s complement of that binary number.

The 2’s complement of the number (10101011)2 is found by two steps.

First, convert the given number into its 1’s complement by inversion.
Binary Number System and Representation
• Binary Subtraction