Specification for Control Systems for Drilling Well Control Equipment and Control Systems for Diverter Equipment API SPECIFICATION 16D (SPEC 16D) SECOND EDITION, JULY 2004 EFFECTIVE DATE, JANUARY 2005 American I Petroleum Institute Helping You Get The Job Done RightSpecification for Control Systems for Drilling Well Control Equipment and Control Systems for Diverter Equipment Upstream Segment API SPECIFICATION 16D (SPEC 16D) SECOND EDITION, JULY 2004 EFFECTIVE DATE, JANUARY 2005 American LD) Petoieam Institute Helping You Get The Job Done Right"SPECIAL NOTES API publications necessarily address problems ofa general ature. With respect to pation: lac circumstances, local, tate nd federal laws and regulations should be reviewed. 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Questions conceming the iterpretation ofthe content ofthis standard or comments snd ‘questions concerning the procedures under which tis standard was developed should be sboHSE END) 1 soo xSpecification for Control Systems for Drilling Well Control Equipment and Control Systems for Diverter Equipment 1 Scope 4.4 GENERAL ‘These specifications establish design standards for systems, that are used to control blowout preventers (ROPs) and associated valves that control well pressure during drilling operations. The design standards applicable to subsystems and components do not ‘include material selection and manufacturing process details but may serve as an aid to purchasing. Although diverers are not considered well contol devices, their controls are often incorporated as part ofthe BOP control system. Thus, contro systems for diverter equipment are included herein. Control systems for drilling well control equipment typically employ stored energy inthe form of pressurized hydraulic fui (posrer uid) to operate (open and close) the BOP stack components. Each operation of a BOP ‘or other well component is referred to as a control function. The contol system equipment and circuitry vary generally in ccor- ‘dance with the application and environment. The specifications provided herwin describe the following contro system categeries: 2 Conto sytems for surface mou BOP stacks. These systems atypically simple retuntoxeseroir hyiaulic contol systems consisting of a reser fr storing hydraulic Mud, pump equipment for pressurizing the hydraulic Aud, accunulto banks for Storing power id and manifolding piping and contol valves fr transmission of contol id tothe BOP stack function. ‘Control systems for subsea BOP stacks (common elements. Remote control of a seatlor BOP sack requires specialized equipment Some ofthe control systom elements are common w virtually all subsea congo systems, regardless ofthe means sed for function signal transmission. « Diserets hydraulic contol systems for subsca BOP tacks In ation the equipment required for surice-mounted BOP sacks, ous 009[Srecircanon ron ContRot Svsrens FOR DRUG WEL. COLTROL EQUPYENT AND CONTROL SYSTENS FORDVERTER ECUPWENT ——§ 3.49 jumper: A segment of hose or eable used to make 2 conoction gush as a hose reel junction box tothe control manifold 3.50 junction box (J-box) (electrical): An enclosure use to house the termination points of electrical cables and eampo- ‘ents that may also contain leetieal componeuts tequired for system operation 3.51 junction box (J-box) {hydraulic or pneumatic): A bole-on plate having multiple stab-iype terminal fitings used for ‘Quick conneston ofthe multi-hose bundle 1 a pod, hase rel or manifold 3.52. kill ine: A high-pressure line from the mad pumps to connection below a BOP that allows fluid tobe pumped into the ‘well or annulus with the BOP closed during well control operations. 3.53 LMRP (lower marine riser package): The upper section of« two-sestion subsea BOP stack consisting of the hydra. lie connector, annular BOP(S}, bal joint, riser adapte, flexible choke and Kil lines, and subsea control pods Note This intenfees with the Jone subs DOP stack 3.84 limit swit hydraulic, pneumatic or eletial switch that indicates the motion ot position ofa device. 3.55 manifold: An assemblage of pipe, valves, and itings by whieh fuid from one or more sources is selectively directed 10 various systems or components. 3.56 mixing system: A syston: hat mixes» messured amount of water soluble hbriant and optionally lye to fd water and delivers ito storage tank or ese 3.57 muttiplex (MUX) control system: A sysiom utilizing electrical or optical conductors in an armored subsea umbilical ‘able such that, on each conductor, mulliple dstnet functions ae independently operated by dedicated serialized coded commands. Note: Solenid-operted valves in tam atte pieopeated yales assed o fits 3,58 _non-retrievable control pod: od thats fixed in place on the LMIRP and not retrievable independently, 3.59 paging: A computer display method of conveying ot mapping between displays or seeens to allow increased infonma- tion or contol uilizing multiple screens, but not displayed simultaneously 3,60 pilot fluid: Contr fui that is dedicate to the pilot supply system 3,61 pilot fine: line that transmits plot fd ro operate a control valve 3,62. pipe ram BOP: A hydaulicaly operated assembly typically having two opposed ram assemblies that move inward t0 lose on pipe inthe wellbore and seal the anmulus. 3,63. pipe rams: Rams whose ends are contoured 1 seal around pipe to close the annular space, 3.64. pod: See control pod. 3.65 pop-up displaylcontrol dialog box: 4 display or contol that appears oa computer screen to allow increased access toa control item, An auxiliary display of data, « message, ora supplemental operational request, ether asa result of a command given toa control system by an operator, ora system slam notifiation 3.68 potable water: A water supply that is acceptably pure for human consumption. Note: On an offshore rig its usually produced by watermakers a sed as supply water for mixing onto id fra subsea conta syste, 8.67 power fluid: Pressurized Aid dedicated to the direct operation of funetions. 3.68. POR: Procedure qualification record 3.69. procharge: See accumulator precharge. 3.70 pressure biased control system: A discrete hydraulic control system utilizing a means to maintain an elevated pres- ‘sure level (ess than control valve actuation pressure) on pilot lines such thar hydraulic signal transmission time is reduced 3.71 pressure vessel: For BOP contol systems, a pressore vessel isa container forthe containment of intemal fil pressure 3.72. qualification test: A one-time (prototype) rest program performed on newly designed or significa redesigned eon- {rol system or component co validate conformance with design specifications Tri yas peounok Pocvxme we wel psonpoxtarsem Wamp SLL 20 sevoo yeuonppe 04 “poquuods1 voponpovds lou oN uo 2snsauatey eues24 2) reengh6 ABI Specricavon 16D (SPEC 160) 3.73. ram BOP: A blowoot proventor that uses rams o seal ofT pressure inthe wellbore 3.74 rapid discharge accumulators: Accumulators required to satisfy their fonctional fluid demand in less than 3 min. “This includes dedicated shear (both surface and subsea), dead man systems, autoshear accumulates, some acoustic and special purpese accumulates. 3.75 rated working pressure: Tho maximum intemal pressure that equipment is designed to contain or contol under nor ‘mal operating enitions 3,76 reaction time: The actual time elapsed beoween ination of a command to completion of the function. 3.77 readback: An indication ofa remote condition 3,78 reel (hose or cable): A rel, usually power driven, that stores, pays-out and takes-up umbilieals, either control hose bundles or electrical cables. 3,79 regulator (pressure): A hydraulic device that reduces upstream supply pressure oa desived (regulated) pressure, ‘Note: Ir may be manually er remotely apeared and, once se, should main the regulate opr pressure unless reset oa ferent pressure 3.80 reliability analysis: Control systems for well control equipment are custom designed in uecordance with the buyer's requirements. When specifying a highly complex contrel system (¢., one employing an assortment of deepwater features), the buyer may prescribe a level of formal reiablty analysis. One purpose is to identify elements exhibiting unacceptable failure probability Failure analysis, as part ofthe design process, can help to avoid single point fallure modes and the use of unseiable ‘components, ISO 4224 provides guidelines for selecting s suitable procedute for performing system relibility analysis, ‘3.81 relief valve: A device that is built ino a hydraulic or pneumatic system w relieve (dump) any excess pressure 3.82 remote panel: See control panel 3.83. reservoir: A storage tank for BOP contol system Hid 3.84 response tr Funetion. he time elapsed between activation of a fenction at any conerol panel and complete operation ofthe 3.85 retrievable control pod: A subsea pod that may be rin or retroved remotely using a wire line, drill pipe, oF other ‘means, without retrieval ofthe LMRP or BOP stack 3.86 retum-to-reservoir circult: A hyraulic consol circuit in which spent fad is returned to the reservar 3.87 rigid condult: Hydraulic conduit 3.88 riser connector (LMRP connector): hydraulically operated connector that joins the LMRP to the top ofthe lower BOP stack 3.89. selector valve: A three position directional control valve that bas te inlet pox blocked and che operator ports blocked in the center position 3.90 shared: An clemen: or system that may be used for more than one purpose. 3.91. shear ram BOP (blind/shear rams): Rasns having outing blades that will shear tabula that aay be inthe wellbore. ‘Shearing blind rams additionally close and seal against the pressure below. Casing shoat rams are designed specifically to shear casing, and may not seal the well bore 3.92. sheave: A whee! or rollers with a cross-setion designed to allow speeifie size oF rope, cable, wire Hine or hose bundle to be routed around it at a fixed bend radius chat is notmally used to change the dreetion of, and support, the line 3.93 shuttle valve: A valve with owe or more supply pors und only one outlet port "Note When fui flowing trough one o the supply poste tert shut sels the oxen p(s) an allows foo he cls pot only 3.94 solenoid valve: An electra! coil operated valve whieh convolsw hydsalic oF pheumatie function or signal 3.95 spent fluid: Hyelraulic control fluid that is vented ftom a function control port when the opposite Funetion is operate. 20 sod RUOMEE 104 pemue otonoDeL sae ON M0 a8 80 fn poavoue ai s0-S74°S1 Ho plepueis fy uo peOUMoD pSPuoiine te we PaoRPe!ES SM IUMOOD SL, eau ws pana oo a 1022-200 (rt) 10 wee ausyas; nw ie 2 yaazeNDO4 YrOd ‘sUoqd BURL‘Seecrenrion rom Conraee SysTeNS FoR Drea WELL ConTRck EQUIPMENT AND CONTROL S¥STENS FOR DwverTER EaurMENT 7 3.96 stored hydraulic fluid volume: The fluid volume recoverable from the accumulator system between the system raed ‘working pressure and the precharge pressure, 397. straightthrough function: Subsea funesion that is directly operated by a pilot signal without inerface with x pos ‘mounted, plot-operated control valve 3.98 system rated working pressure: The maximum design pressure at which control Mud is stored in the accumulator assembly. 3.99 test pressure: The pressure at which the component or system is tested to verify srsetural and pressure integrity 3.100 type certification testing: Testing by a manufacturer of a representative specimen (or prototype) ofa product whieh ‘quilifies the design and, therefore saidates the integrity of other products ofthe same design, materials and manuiaeture 3.401 umbilical: A control hose bundle or electra! eable used to control subsea functions 3.402 usable hydraulic fluid: The hid velume recoverable ftom the accumulator system between the system rated working ‘presaure and the minimum operating pressure 3.103 vent position: The position of a control vlve that vents spent fluid to ambient or othe reservoir 3.404 vent-to-environment circuit: A hydtaulic or pneumatic contr circuit in which spent uid is vented locally to sea or tmospbere. 3.105 volumetric efficiency (VE}: The ratio of deliverable Mid volume (otal gas volume of a bole, based on design con lions and calculation method (s22 42.3.1), he rig offset perimeter around the all location for which special procedures are to be initiated to pee 1 riser or actually implement the disconnect to prevent damage due to excessive offset. 3107 water-based hydraulic fluld: A control liquid misure composed mainly of water with adlives to provide Iubcity, ant-Foaming, antifreeze, antiecorzesion and anti-bacterial characteristics. 3.408 wellhead connector (stack connector): & hy daulially-operated connector that joins the BOP stack tothe sabsee wellhead, 3A09_ WPS: Welding procedure specification, 4 General Control System Design Requirements 44 GENERAL ‘Well control ystems and equipment denied in Setion 1 and related auxiliary equipment, which may be designed andr sup- plied by control system manufecturers forthe intended use oFeil well dling rys, shall meet or exceed these specifications. Materials soecte to accomplish the design intent shall mect or exceed the requirements ofthese specif ions. 42 DESIGN REVIEW Prior to manufacturing the equipment or issuing equipment from stock to fill the sales order requirements, the manufacturer's responsible engineering authority shall verify that she design satisfies all requirements in accordance with these specifications. ‘The design review wil give panicular eraphasis to the following considerations 424 Service Conditions ‘The manufactuter shall define the following a, Sizing and capacity eeguiremenss. b, System rated working pressure ©. Temperanire Ratings—The control system shall be designed to be operational within the ambient temperatures anticipated ot the operational environment must be conttlled 19 within the temperature ratings of the equipment. 1 yeaa eto “suopdo Buys} 9 94400 eu Tos opine uo unten ponartd a iosn panne aus ro myst we 1064-200 (rt) 40 woo isumsner® API Sccricarion 160 (S°Ec 160) 4. The environment classification temperature range(s) a listed in Teble «, Location. 1. Land, 2. Offshore. ) Surface. i) Subsea. ££ Well Control Equipment Specifcations—Annexes A and B are checklists for use by the purchaser to provide information -S0iSpsia Method B Method € Method B Method B Method C Waid Mata Watod ala, othe [rea a NIST dts, thor feats NIST ts, cane 1S volume design faetr for volume-imited_| 4 volume desig fictor for volume-linited_|1.1 volume design Sater for both yume and condi, | condi, Fy lresiremitedeonons, and, Lo olume dsian factr fer pessurlimied | 1.0 velume design Sets for peessuetimited condition Fz condition Fp 4.23.44 Volumetric Efficiency Calculations ‘The basis ofthe volumetric efficiency calculation is che following equation for Quid withdrawal a the condition of interest VEU FOMOXP) eases) eauop paevouane We way poarpaday em aT Sal aad st oyanposdas iy Ao 95, 3208:5) ze suo Bususoy 22 sano> funn 0. fa steer paruouine anes) Uo PHELPS iy Ut "ids obs ou yt oh 1061-20¢ (re) 0 uno weasicay mat ou) 20h‘SeecricATON FOR CONTROL SYSTENS FOR DRLLNG WELL CONTROL EOUPUENT AN CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR DVERTER EQUPMENT 11 where Yo F, = gas-volume st | (charged, ¥ {88 volume at withdrawal condition of intrest: 2 (eninimum operating pressure), or3 (otal discharge), F = Volume Design Factor forthe condition of interest = F for Condition 2 (pressure-limited), or F, for Condition 3 (volume-imited). Gas volume can expressed by the fllowing: 208 volume at condition 0 (precharge), v=m/p, where m= mass ofthe gas, fy ™ density of gas at condition i (pressure and temperatur). YE;= mip) -(mion)mipad x) VE;= (Vp-p) M00) x) YE, = (p/P) -(e0/0 VF where: Po = density at precharge (adjusted for temperature change from original precharge temperate), {fr stack-mounted accumulators supplementing surface main accumulator supply, the precharge is adjusted forall, (or sometimes part) ofthe head of sca water column (usually 0.445 psi), 6; ® density when aecumulator when fully charged athe “pump stop pressure” plus hydrastatie pressure of control uid ‘column (usually fresh water at 0.433 psi) for sccumlater on main hydraulic supply. ‘For Condition 2 pressure-limited case, VEp = (pp / P2~o/ 91) Fp [pa must be > = po) 2 ~ density wen accumulators tthe minimum operating pressure asthe greater ofthe following: ~ calculated minimum operating pressure plus hydrostatic pressre of sa water column, component minimum operating pressure plus hydrostatic pressure of sea wate column, ser specified minimum operating pressure, such a8 to close annul preventer, operate special equipment, For Conition 3 volume-timited case: YE, = (o0/ps~po'piyy VE, = (1.0-pypi¥F, 63 total discharge case, p= po For Optimum Precharge: VE, =VE,=(10- pois VEy=VE,~(pv/e2- pupa Rearranged for Optimum Precharge Density Pom Fl(F/o2~ (Fe FP) yd euoappe 304 “penned 3] vorenpoides pry on suo sn gounsjo 08108 0, i do epuoi yw fo peck azioyne te to} poanpode, Shen juno Si ‘024-20 (ve) 0 woo vase, nny 2 228H=4094 end sUoAdo Bu “ido ou 900 nad en pay en pean aU2 API Seeorcaron 780 (S76 160) ‘These equations are farther evolved for Methods A,B, end C in the following sections, 4.23.4.2 Method A (Ideal Gas, Isothermal Discharge, Pressures below 5015 psia, 1.5 Volume Design Factor for Volume-limited Discharge, 1.0 Volume Design Factor for Pressure-limited Discharge): Method A (deal ge, isothermal discharge) is consistent with the method used i earlier editions of this publication, and is retained in this document because of long usage with satisfactory tesults inthe Feld for sure accumulator performance Kis a simple calculation, std has provided satisfactory field resus for most surface accumulator sizing for both surface and subsea [BOP stacks, BOP control system surface accumulator banks commonly have relatively long discharge times for theit ful liquid ‘volume discharge, The surface accumnlatar will normally satisty the adiabatic requirement for single functions (eg. losing the annular preventer on a throo-ram BOP stack), due tothe time lag usually expected berween BOP functions. This time lag allows the accumulator to absocb heat from the environment, and the accuralator performance will approximate constant remperarere discharge; in conjunction with the with specified volume design factor allowance for this arrangement, this sizing has usually been adequate, allowing for leld variations in ambient temperature, gauge-reading variances, pump pressure switch sersings, eal 2s compressibility factors, near-adiabatic discharge pressure/temperature drops for single funetons, ete. Method & has been found tobe inadequate for 4, Higher aceurmlator operating pressures (over S015 psia), '. Accuumulators tha require rapid diseharge of most of their Quid at high pressure ratios. “This isthe case for many stack mounted accumulator ciculis and some surface accumulator circuits, such as dedicated shear systems, Method A Caleulations: “The general equations use the appropriate volume design factors and also ae modified to be based on pressure, recognizing that the density ofan ideal isothermal gs is proportional to pressure P: y= kx Frunere kis a constant VEp= (PoP PoiPi V1 [P2 amast be >= Po] YE, = (10-PoPiYLS ows: it Pps essthan hyo oa presse, then Ps = sea watrliydestati absolute pressure (Joes nt eal 7), and VEy~ (Po) Ps Py! Pi)! S iF js leas thar ycostate sea pressure, her P> Sea vate hydrostatic absohte Optimam Precharge Po ~ 1.0 (1.5/P2—08')) Whore Parsas described for associated densitiss pin 423.115 See 4.2.3. for Rotile Volume ealulatin using these Volumetric Eisiencis. See Annex € fr example caloulatons 42.4.3 Method B (Real Gas, Isothermal Discharge, Pressures above 5015 psia, 1.4 Volume Design Factor for Volume-limited Discharge, 7.0 Volume Design Factor for Pressure-limited Discharge): Meatod B (real gos isothermal discharge) shall be sed for hydraulic supply accumulators, both surfvee and underwater, when the pressures excsed 5015 psia. Ths sizing mechod may be used instad of Method A, as its more accurate and may slightly reduce the numberof required bottles because a Tower Volume-Limited Volume Factor is used. 12 autos eu08104 9) roy se athe SA orto euOREpe 04 ‘PomRL =| wofoNpeIs sry OW AO a Ia poe Somn poco a, p0.BPY 31 Go Pi¥Pums [sy vey peDqaMD) paDIDAMNE Le WO} PAINPOK 1081-208 (pe) 0 woo wagsioe mun 2uy Yoaustne) eWUO® “AONE Susu 2 crt nine‘SPECICATION FOR CONTROL SYSTENS FOR DRLLNG WEL CONTROL EQUPMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR DVERTER EQUPUENT 13 ‘Method B Caleulations: For Method B, the general equations become: Ep ~ (Polen po'es¥L.0(ps mist be>= pe) VE, = (10-popiyia Notes on the pressures idee ese desis if Piss than dst sex pres ten Fy ~ sn water hykstaic pesare(cs ot eg Py and VEx~ (si) 14 19, les than hydrostatic peso, then Pca water Pyro soe (Optimum Precharge Density pp ~ 1.0(1.4/p2~0.4/p)) Densities forthe various pressures at the ambient, isothermal temperature are to be based on NIST gas table data (htp:/web- book.nist.gov/chemistry/tud. See 4.23.1 for Botle Volume calculation using these Volumetric Efiiencies ‘See Annex C for example calculations. 42.3.1.4 Method C (Real Gas, Adiabatic Discharge, 1.1 Volume Design Factor (for Both Volume and Pressure Limited Discharge): “Method C (real gas, adiabatic discharge) is required for rapid discharge accumulators. Rapid-discharge accumulators are defined as accumulators required to satisfy their functional volume requirement in less than 3 min. This includes dedicated shear (both surface and subsea stack-mounted), dead man system, autoshear, and some acoustic and special purpose accumulators. Method C ‘may be used instead of either A or B for systems not requiring a rapid discharge. [Note that for a given accurmulatr volume, precharge conelitons, and full-charge conditions, Methods B and C have the same stored hyedraulic fui. The difference between the method B and C is duc to the difference between an adiabatic discharge which ‘will cool the gas significantly for high-pressure ratio, anda isothermal discharge. Optimal accumulator sizing differences will ‘occur because optimal precharge for an accumulator will be diferent when temperature effets are considered. Basically, the pre~ charge pressure after adiabatic discharge, with the lower temperature and pressure that occurs with this discharge, will be slightly above the minimum required operating pressure. For Method C. adiabatic expansion shall be used for discharge pressure temper- ature relationship. This will be conservative with regard to available 28 accumulators will have heat transfer from the ‘environment, but it will occur over a period of time that cannot be accurately assessed. ‘Design charging pressure shall be the “pump start pressure” for accumulats subject to main hydraulic supply pressure luca sions. Design charging pressure shall be the pump shut-of pressure” for afcurmalators that are isolated by check valves) from ‘the main hydraulic supply pressure Muctuations, ‘Method C Caleulations: For Method C; the general equations bocome: VEp = (ov'p2-po'pi)l VE, = (L0-popivlt (oxmust be >= po) CCaleulate the Ps that would result from constant entropy expansion ftom P,|(p,) down to pp, If calculated Ps is less than hydro static sea pressure, then P3 = sea water hycostati pressure. Caleulate p fog this new pressure, and VE, = (99/p3 — po'p1}!1 hid jae; ped osn posbatire ou ¥9-6rY-C1 Ue FueDUES Ue Jo FAN PacHOUyRE We Ly paoroarda sm NATION 5d soa420 (2) Ws agen mn aaron pee ms Baran ses moons 4 peutiod » worries nus ex - e“ | Sexowiexnow 160 ($9E0 160) (Optimum Precharge Deasity Py = Pz COprimnam Prechange P= pressure which gives the density pig (using NIST data) ‘Since this Meth is based on an adiabatic expansion, the densities and temperatures for Conditions ? and 3 must be determined ‘based on a constant entropy fom Condition 1 so the pressure colton of interest based onthe NIST gas table data. [hip/web- bbook:nistgovichemistry/Auid), Forthose special purpose accumulators that rete rapid eharge (in less than 3 min.) the volume calculations forthe Condition density and temperature shall be conducted for both a) the adiabatically compressed remperatute, stating from discharged condi sion at anibient seafloor temperature, and (b) isothermally changed at the arabient seaTour temperature Py Condition 1 (filly charged) pressure used to detenmine density ps, “pump stop pressure" plu hydostatie pressure of contra ui eolumn (usually :mulator isolated by check valve from main hydraulic supply, fiesh water at 0.433 psf) for accu: = “pump star pressure” plus hydrostatic pressare oF onteo Aid column (usually fresh watorat 0.433 psilf) for accu :mulator on main hydraulic supply, = the charging pressure for rapid discharge special puspase accumulators ‘See 4.2.3.1 for Bottle Volume calculation using these Volumetric Eiieiencies. 42.3.2 Stored Hydraulic Fluid Volume ‘The stored hydraulic Hid volume shall be used in determining the pump system sizing and reservoir capacity required. The stored hydraulic uid volume is the hydraulic Muidsfored inthe accumulator ftom precharge condition fo pump stop pressure. 4.2.4 Reservoirs and Reservoir Sizing 42.4.1 General ‘A suitable contol fluid shall be selcted in accordance with 9.5 Water-based hydraulic fluids ate usually & mixture of potable water and a water-soluble lubricant additive, When ambient temper ‘nutes ator below freezing are expected, suficient volume of ethylene glycol or other additive acceptable to the control system ‘manufacturer shall be mixed withthe water-based hydraulic uid to prevent freezing. Hyuraulic uid reservoits shal be cleaned an flushed ofall weld slag, machine cuttings, sand and any ether contaminants before ‘uid is introduced, Cleanout porstharshes shall be provided for euch reservoir to fecltae cleaning, Cleanout ports shall be mi ‘mum 4 in. diameter To prevent overpressurization, each reservoir shell have suitable vents that have flow capacity in exeess of the incoming flow capacity including flow from accurnulators for the mixed fluid reservir). These vents shall nt lend themselves ro being mechan- ically plugged, or capped. Accumulator eapavity that is vented back to reservoir during normal operation ofthe system shal be included in reservoir sizing requirement 4.24.2 Returnto-Reservoir Hydraulic Reservoirs The hyauli fuid reservoir usable capacity shall be at ket wiee the stored hydreulic fd eapaeity ofthe zecumalator system. Ale ‘vents shall be installed of suilicient size to avoid verpressurization ofthe tank during hydraulic Mid transfers or nitrogen transfers if 2 q i # : 3 § 3 a i 5 i ute 209 et ;paasd ssn postane at ho-Meet Lo paes fay ue P DeORIe Pesvelyre Ue ey ouarpcel Se ALCP ‘022 20¢ (ez) 9 wes Yeasunoy IM Yeu yoaNs4994 je} ‘SUodo BusHOD} 9 Sadon jou