Review of Related Literature and Studies

Foreign Literature

According to Naveen 2021, online learning brings parents and instructors into the fold by involving them
in their child's education from the beginning. Instead of discouraging students from enrolling in an
online course, we should assist them and serve as a support system in completing it. Schoolchildren's
mobile applications that give additional learning possibilities have garnered a lot of momentum and
continuously dominating education. Because mobile phones have already made their way into the hands
of kids, these apps are being used to supplement classroom.

According to Gautam 2020, he stated the benefits of online learning to every students and teacher.
Online learning allows teachers to deliver lessons to students in a more efficient manner. In terms of
time and location accessibility, online education allows students to take classes from wherever they
want, it also eliminates the costs of student transportation, meals, and, mainly, real estate and improves
student attendance. Most importantly, online learning adapts to a wide range of learning styles. It is the
most effective method for creating a perfect learning environment tailored to the needs of each student

Another particular article by Hossain and Rahman entitled, “Comparative Study of Internet Usage among
University Students”, 2017 they stipulated that students from their studies need to enhance their
internet usage and further suggested that the university should provide internet facilities and an
environment for students.

In a related article, Tarimo and Kavishe entitled, “Internet Access and Usage by Secondary School
Students in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania”, 2017 found that 82% of students in their study use the
internet for academic purposes.

According to Hess 2014, he investigated the impact of using e-readers and e-books in the classroom,
among 9-10 year olds in the USA. The e-books were used in daily teacher-led guided reading groups,
replacing traditional print books in these sessions. Teachers also regularly used the e-readers in sessions
where the class read aloud, and e-readers were available to learners during the school day for silent
reading. The study found a significant difference in reading assessment scores for the group using the e-
readers. Scores improved for both male and female learners and the gap between males and females
decreased.

According to Benjamin Herold 2016, "Technology in Education: An Overview", he stated that Technology
is everywhere in education: Public schools in the United States now provide at least one computer for
every five students. They spend more than $3 billion per year on digital content. Led by the federal
government, the country is in the midst of a massive effort to make affordable high-speed Internet and
free online teaching resources available to even the most rural and remote schools. And in 2015-16, for
the first time, more tests for elementary and middle grades will be administered via technology than by
paper and pencil.

Foreign Studies

According to Haruna et al., 2016, study entitled, “Impact Of Mobile Phone

Usage On Academic Performance Among Secondary School Students In Taraba State, Nigeria”, mobile
phones are the most necessary medium of
communication for adolescents. It has virtually affected the society's accessibility, security, safety and
coordination of business and social activities and has hence become a part of a culture of the whole
world.

Haque et al. 2016, in a study entitled, “Use of Electronic Devices by the

Medical Students of UniKL-RCMP, Malaysia, and its Influence on Academic Performances”, states that
with the availability of various applications on this technological device, it enables users to socialize,
communicate, take pictures, record videos and some other sophisticated applications making it easy for
users to perform an activity.

The findings of Issa Omar Malecela (2016), study entitled, “Usage of Whatsapp among Postgraduate
Students of Kulliyyah of Education, International slamic University Malaysia”, showed that the level of
ownership and the usage can help increase the use of the gadgets in a more sophisticated and dynamic
manner. The use of electronic software such as smartphones, iPad, and tablet helps users perform
various activities such as sharing of information, internet surfing, document writing and other activities.

A research conducted by Turner 2015, entitled, “Generation Z: Technology and Social Interest”, states
that users who use gadgets are the most explorer in digital information. This is because the convenient
strategy in searching for information helps users improve their search and sharing information methods.

According to Cahyadi, 2014, study entitled, “Analysis of

Utilization of

Gadgets as Effective Learning Media in Innovation Education to improve Student Learning

Achievement”, Smartphone is a set of technological tools that have major applications required in the
needs of life, the Smartphone has incredible capacity, using mobile phone. One of the capacities is able
to operate like computer, and ease the users to bring it everywhere".

Local Literature

As cited by Child Hope 2021, in the article entitled, “The Importance of Technology in the Philippine
Education”, Valenzuela states that Technology is so advanced, so much that it now drives business
growth. Hence, companies maximize this to improve their performance, so they hire tech-savvy
candidates who can contribute to their businesses. In line with this, school is a good training ground for
future professionals. It can help these kids by integrating technology into their system through their
materials, facilities, rooms, and even modules. On the other hand, kids nowadays are digital natives.
Using tech for their daily studies can help them more than it can drag them down.

According to Manila bulletin 2021, in the article entitled, “Filipino Teachers

Join International Webinar for Educational Technology Upskilling”. Abanil

acknowledged the huge challenge to education brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, he also noted
that is also paved the was for a big opportunity to introduce new ways of doing things. “These new ways
of using technology help make the delivery of education more effective even after the pandemic”.
Abanil said. “We hope that this webinar series will give you some insights and some ways you can take
back to your respective classes,” he added.
According to Joaquin 2020, in the article entitled, “The Philippine Higher Education Sector in the Time of
COVID-19”. He require a defined set of regulations and norms based on an innovative educational
structure. This needs a thorough and honest evaluation of the country's readiness to provide learning
programs that are above and beyond the usual. This includes the instructor's ability, the learner's
situation and context, and the effectiveness of the learning environment. These concerns are in addition
to the more obvious ones around internet speed, material pricing, and delivery methods. The best way
to move forward is to take a step back and establish a strategy that includes teachers, students, parents,
school administrators, and technology-based organizations.

According to John Paul Espinosa 2016, entitled “Learning with the Help of Technology”, Technological
advances had greatly changed the education landscape in that teaching is no longer confined to the
traditional face-to-face delivery of lessons. Now, via internet we can also learn not only in the classroom
but outside the school. Through the convergence of modern and traditional methods, students are now
able to experience the best of both worlds. They can learn from school and get additional information or
lessons through the web and

internet.

Local Studies

Cherilyn Sechcico et.al. 2020, study entitled, “Technology: Its Effects on

Academic Performance of Selected Beed Graduating Students at Best link College of the Philippines, S.Y.
2019–2020”. Technology is extremely useful because it helps us connect with other people and allows
us to learn and discover new things. Technology makes peoples’ lives easier and improves their way of
life, especially students. Although technology is finally being integrated into education, its use for
teaching and learning remains a challenge.

For the local context, in the Philippines, several studies showed some contrasting sentiments with
regards to internet connectivity and the use of gadgets or devices for online learning. In a study by
Fabito et al., “Barriers and Challenges of Computing Students in an Online Learning Environment”, 2020,
the group revealed that one of the three barriers and challenges that students encountered in online
learning was a good internet connection.

In addition, by Yra et al., 2020, thesis entitled, “Students’ Online Learning Readiness and Internet
Connectivity: Bases for the Customization of QSU e-Aral”, from another state university in the country,
The study revealed that the students' readiness for online classes however, the burden from computer
and internet rentals in cafes exists.

According to Casillano 2019, study entitled, “Challenges of Implementing an E-Learning Platform in an

Internet Struggling Province in the Philippines”, indicated that only a minimum of the students has
internet access thus impeding them to access the e-learning platform.

In the findings of Jin and Sabio 2018, study entitled, “Potential Use of

Mobile Devices in Selected Public Senior High Schools in the City of Manila Philippines”, the use of
mobile devices has the potential to be used and adapted

for learning.