GENERAL BIOLOGY 2

3rd Quarterly Examination

I. Multiple Choice. Read each item carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on your answer
sheet.

1. What did Gregor Mendel use in his genetic studies?

A. Garden peas C. Ravens
B. Marigolds D. Sweet Corn
2. DNA sequences that control traits are called
A. characteristics C. genes
B. dominant D. recessive
3. An organisms’ physical appearance is its
A. dominant B. genotype C. homozygous D. phenotype
4. Passing of traits from one generation to another is termed as
A. DNA B. genes C. heredity D. purebred
5. Which word is a synonym to homozygous dominant?
A. Hybrid B. Regular C. Purebred D. Irregular
6. The physical feature resulting from a genotype is called
A. dominant C. phenotype
B. homozygous D. recessive
7. A trait that is hidden is called
A. dominant B. homozygous C. heterozygous D. recessive
8. If alleles are written TT, it means the organism would be
A. genes C. homozygous recessive
B. genotype D. homozygous dominant
9. What does a Punnett Square show?
A. All of Mendel’s discoveries about genetic crosses.
B. A model of the possible outcomes of a genetic cross.
C. Only the dominant alleles in a genetic cross.
D. Only the recessive alleles in a genetic cross.
10. An individual who has two of the same allele is said to be
A. Homozygous C. Homologous
B. Heterohomologous D. Heterozygous
11. A gene combination for a trait is called
A. genotype C. heterozygous
B. homozygous D. inheritance
12. If a Purebred Tall Plant and a Purebred short plant are crossed when will be the outcome of the F1
generation?
A. 100% Purebred Short C. 100% Tall
B. 75% Tall and 25% Short D. 100% Purebreed Tall
13. Which combination will result in an offspring being female?
A. XYY B. XX C. XY D. XXY
14. A wrinkled seed shape is the recessive allele, what is the dominant allele?
A. pinched B. round C. smooth D. yellow
15. If alleles are written tt, it means the organism would be
A. genes C. homozygous recessive
B.genotype D. homozygous dominant
16. Which word is a synonym to homozygous recessive?
A. Hybrid B. Regular C. Purebred D. Irregular
17. If a homozygous white guinea pig (bb) is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb), what is the
probability that the offspring will have black hair?
A. 0% C. 50%
B. 25% D. 75%
 18. In a cross of a round hybrid pea with a true breeding round parent (Ww x WW), what genotypic proportions
would be observed in the offspring?
A. Half heterozygous, half homozygous dominant
B. Half round, half wrinkled
C. All heterozygous
D. All round
19. A type of inheritance in which a dominant allele, or form of a gene, does not completely mask the effects of
a recessive allele, and the organisms resulting appearance shows a blending of both alleles,
A. Codominance C. Sex-linked Inheritance
B. Incomplete Dominance D. Mendelian Inheritance
20. A type of inheritance in which two versions (alleles) of the same gene are expressed separately to yield
different traits in an individual.
A. Codominance C. Sex-linked Inheritance
B. Incomplete Dominance D. Mendelian Inheritance

II. Monohybrid Cross. Use Punnett Square to answer the following questions. Show your work. (2 pts=parents
genotypes;1 pt=punnett square; 2 pts=phenotypic and genotypic ratios=TOTAL:5 points)

21-25. Free ear lobes are dominant to attached ear lobes. Determine the genotype and phenotype ratios for a cross
between a heterozygous female and a homozygous recessive male.
26-30. Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. Determine the genotype and phenotype ratios for a cross between a
homozygous dominant female and a homozygous dominant male.

III. Dihybrid Cross

Problem A: Suppose that black hair (B) is dominant over blonde hair (b) and brown eyes (E) are dominant over blue
eyes (e). The father has black hair (heterozygous) and brown eyes (heterozygous) and the mother has
blonde hair and blue eyes. Genotype of father – BbEe Genotype of mother - bbee
31. What percent of the offspring will be totally heterozygous?
32. What is the phenotypic ratio?
33. What percent of the offspring will have blonde hair and blue eyes?

Problem B: Using the same traits as above, cross a completely recessive person with a blonde hair and homozygous
brown eyed person.
34. What percent of the offspring will be totally heterozygous?
35. What is the phenotype ratio?
36. What percent of the offspring will have blonde hair and blue eyes?

IV. Non-Mendelian Genetics

37-39 Mrs. Santos is type “A” and Mr. Santos is type “O.” They have three children named Matthew, Mark, and Luke.
Mark is type “O,” Matthew is type “A,” and Luke is type “AB.” Based on this information:

37. Mr. Santos must have the genotype ______

38. Mrs. Santos must have the genotype ______ because she has blood type A
39. Luke cannot be the child of these parents because neither parent has the allele _____.

40-48. Snapdragons are incompletely dominant for color; they have phenotypes red, pink, or white. The red flowers
are homozygous dominant, the white flowers are homozygous recessive, and the pink flowers are heterozygous.
Give the genotypes for each of the phenotypes, using the letters “R” and “ r ” for alleles:
40. Red snapdragon 41. Pink snapdragon 42. White snapdragon
genotype: ______ genotype: ______ genotype: ______
Show genetic crosses between the following snapdragon parents, using the punnett squares provided, and record
the genotypic and phenotypic percentages below:

a. pink x pink b. red x white c. pink x white

43. Genotypic 44. Genotypic 45. Genotypic
%: ________________ %: ________________ %: ________________
Phenotypic Phenotypic Phenotypic
%: ________________ %: ________________ %: ________________

46. 47. 48.

V. Sex-Linked Inheritance

49-54. In humans, the gene for normal blood clotting is dominant to the gene for hemophilia. Persons with
hemophilia do not have the correct blood proteins for the normal clotting of blood. This gene is on the X
chromosome. Suppose that a woman heterozygous for the trait (but with normal blood clotting) marries a man with
normal blood clotting. Determine the following probabilities.

49. The probability of getting a hemophilic child _________

50. The probability of getting a “carrier” (heterozygous) child __________
51. The probability of getting a normal (neither hemophilic nor carrier) child _________
52. The probability of having a son that is normal ___________
53. The probability of having a son that is hemophilic ___________
54. The probability of having a son that is carrier ____________

55-60. A rancher owns a bull with many desirable characteristics. Unfortunately, he also has a X-linked trait that in
the recessive form leads to no pigment formation in the iris of the eye. This makes the bull very sensitive to sunlight
and could lead to blindness. The rancher wishes to breed him to a cow that will minimize the chances of any
offspring showing this trait. She would especially like to produce another bull with most of his sire’s desirable
qualities but without the non-pigmented eye.

55. What is the bull’s genotype? __________

a. Two cows with the dominant normal colored eyes (XN) are available that have been genetically type for this
particular trait. Cow 1 has a genotype of XN XN and cow 2 has XN Xn.
56. Which of these two cows should the rancher choose as a mate to her bull if she wishes to minimize the
occurrence of the non-pigmented eye in his offspring? ____________

57. 58. Offsprings Genotypes in fraction

59. Offsprings Phenotypes in fraction

b. What percentage of the male offspring from the preferred cross will have non pigmented eyes? 60. _______

Good luck and God Bless!