CARLO JAMES Q.

SABLAN
SHS Teacher 2
What have you learned? 2
 “

1. What can you observe from the picture?

2. What color has the hottest temperature? The coolest?
3. What does this picture tell us?
 “ 𝑋
𝑍 𝑆𝑦𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑙 𝐶

NUCLEAR Where:
Z Atomic number (p)
SYMBOL X Atomic mass (p+n)
NOTATION C Charge (p-e)
 “ What’s the difference?
FUSION When two or more light atoms combine to
form a larger one
VS
FISSION When a large atom splits into two or more
smaller ones
STAR
LIFE CYCLE
STELLAR
NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
Objectives:
► Explain the different stages of star formation
and evolution;
► Write the different reactions that occur during
stellar nucleosynthesis; and,
► Relate the star life cycle to your own life from
past, present, and future.

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Quotation
“Just like each star is unique
yet makes the universe what it
is, the light in you makes you
who you are. That’s exactly
who you need to be.”
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STELLAR
NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
▪ process by which elements are
created within stars by combining
the protons and neutrons together
▪ a collective term for the nuclear
reactions taking place in stars to
build the nuclei of the heavier
elements
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Black
Dwarf

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 Stellar Nebula
◂ All stars form in nebulae, which
are huge clouds of gas
(hydrogen and helium) and
dust. Because of gravity, these
materials are clumped together,
create turbulence, spin, and
start to heat.

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13
 Protostar
◂ It is a hot core formed from
nebula due to the gravity that
pulled Hydrogen gas together.
It spins faster and faster and
becomes ignited. As the
protostar gains mass, it
becomes hotter and more
dense.
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 Protostar
◂ At the center of a protostar, no nuclear
reactions happen. The star is still contracting.
Protostars are only about 150,000 years old.

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 Main Sequence Star
◂ If the protostar’s center gets hot
enough, it goes into main
sequence stage where nuclear
fusion reactions will occur - fusion
of H into He. When this fusion
begins, a star is born. Proton-
proton chain reaction happens.

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 Main Sequence Star
◂ It starts to form when nuclear
fusion occurs at the core of the
star, causing it to begin to
contract, glow and become
stable.
◂ After the main sequence stage,
stars follow different paths due to
having different mass.

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 Low-Mass Star
Red Giant
◂ The star is unable to generate
heat when it runs out of
hydrogen in its core, leading to
its expansion. It cools down
and glows red.
◂ The Helium atoms are forced
to fuse into Carbon through
Triple Alpha Process.

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 Low-Mass Star
Planetary Nebula
◂ This is a region of cosmic gas
and dust formed from the cast-
off outer layers of a dying star. It
not related to planets.

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 Low-Mass Star
White Dwarf
◂ When red giant star becomes
exhausted of nuclear fuel, the
outer material is blown off into
space, leaving the inert Carbon.
The remnant is known as White
Dwarf.
◂ It is white because it is still hot
and glowing.
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 Low-Mass Star
Black Dwarf
◂ This is said to be the remains
of the white dwarf that
cooled down and no longer
emits light and heat. The
Black Dwarf is the death of a
low mass star.

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 Black
Dwarf

Star Life Cycle 22

 High-Mass Star
Red Super Giant
◂ A more massive main sequence
star evolves, cools and expands
faster than low mass star and
will turn into Red Super Giant
star, the largest known star.
Nuclear fusion continues to
occur until Iron is formed
through Alpha Ladder Process
and CNO cycle.
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 High-Mass Star
Supernova
◂ Explosion of star or Supernova
releases large amount of energy.
Because of that, elements are
dispersed into space.
◂ This happens when Iron atoms
no longer fuse in the core;
instead, they collide and recoil.

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 High-Mass Star
Neutron Star
◂ It is believed that a
Neutron Star is formed
from supernova
explosion. This is also the
smallest star.

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 High-Mass Star
Black Hole
◂ Black Hole is a region in
space where gravity is too
strong that no matter can
escape from it, including
light.

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 Black
Dwarf

Star Life Cycle 27

Any question?

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