Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ON
UNDERTAKEN AT
BY
TECHNOLOGY,
FEBRUARY 2024
i
A TECHNICAL REPORT
ON
UNDERTAKEN AT
BY
TECHNOLOGY,
FEBRUARY 2024
ii
CERTIFICATION
Ile Oluji, Ile Oluji Ondo State, in having met the standard as required by the institution and
____________________ ________________
Mr. Omotosho Date
Head of Department
____________________ ________________
SIWES SUPERVISOR Date
__________________ ________________
Mrs. Agunde Date
iii
DEDICATION
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I wish to appreciate God Almighty for granting me the grace and the opportunity to be alive till
I also appreciate the management and the staff of Federal Polytechnic Ile Oluji health Centre for
the knowledge in making experiencing many experiences during the period of SIWES program.
My sincere appreciation goes to the Head of the Department of Science Laboratory Technology
Mr. Omotosho T.P and all the amazing staff of Science laboratory for taking me under their
tutelage and their patient in teaching and equipping me with diverse managerial and knowledge.
Also, my appreciation goes to everyone who supported me financially, physically and also in
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover page
Title Page i
Dedication ii
Certification iii
Acknowledgements iv
Table of Contents v
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
CHAPTER TWO
CHAPTER THREE
1
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Summary 8
4.3 Recommendations 8
4.3 Conclusions
Reference
2
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
SIWES (student’s industrial work experience scheme) is a scheme designed by the federal
ministry of education; the industrial training fund is the National board for technical education
and institution of high students in Nigeria. SIWES (student’s industrial work experience scheme)
is aimed at granting or exposing students to experience the nature of work they’re to encounter
when they finish their program in school depending on one discipline. The scheme also gives
students opportunity to gain experience practically what was not taught in school during their
program, it also helps students to practicalize the theory aspect of their lecture in school. It also
gives the students the opportunity to be versatile. It makes the students popular, it also act as a
medium of job opportunity when they finish their program in school, it gives a detailed account
of all work carried out during SIWES and as well as the problems faced.
The student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was established in 1973/1974 session
by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF). Prior to the establishment of this scheme, there was a
growing concern among our industrialists that graduates of our institutions of higher learning
against this background that the aim of initiating and designing the scheme was hinged.
Consequently, the scheme affords students the opportunity of familiarizing and exposing
themselves, to the needed experience in handling equipment and machinery that are usually not
available in the institutions. The ITF solely funded the scheme during its formative years. It
withdraws from the scheme in 1978 due to the financial problem. The federal government
handed the scheme in 1979 to both the National University Commission (NUC) and the National
Board of Technical Education (NBTE). Later, in November 1984, the federal government
changed the management and implementation of the scheme to ITF and it was effectively taken
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over by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) in July 1985 with the funding being solely borne by
c) It grants students opportunity to practicalize the theoretical aspect of their course in school
d) Expose student to the kind of work experience they will encounter when they graduate
e) Expose students to know the operation and function of the instruments involved in their
course of study.
f) It makes students know how to manage difficult in work when they graduate
a) Students should attend institution's SIWES orientation programme before going on industrial
attachment
c) Students must keep proper records of training activities and other assignments in the logbook
d) Student must arrange their own accommodation during the period of attachment
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CHAPTER TWO
The Ogunsusi Specialist Hospital (Ile-Oluji) is a Private hospital, located at Ile-Oluji 2, Ile-
Oluji/Okeigbo Local Government, Ondo State. It was established on Date Unknown, and
The Ogunsusi Specialist Hospital (Ile-Oluji) is Unlicensed hospital by the Nigeria Ministry of
Health, with facility code 28/01/1/2/2/0002 and registered as Secondary Health Care Centre.
The Medical laboratory perform various tests such as blood sampling tests, urine tests, stool
Company’s vision: To be a world class human resource agency, ensuring the delivery of
Company’s mission: To provide highly skilled and motivated staff with the right attitude to
Core values: Medical excellence based on knowledge, skills and first rate human relations.
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LABORATORY SCIENTIST
CHAPTER THREE
In Ogunsusi Specialist Hospital, where I underwent my SIWES program, we have the following
LABORATORY TECHNICIANS
sections: Reception, Chemical Pathology, Hematology, Microbiology laboratory.
The receptionist on seat, collects samples from patients waiting to be transferred to the
laboratory, put bills on the patient’s cards depending on the kind of tests to be done, register the
MEDICAL CHEMICAL
MICROBIOLOGY PATHOLOGY HAEMATOLOGY
patients cards and then also register results before they are given out to patient, they also give out
universal, anticoagulant bottles to patient and give them necessary instructions on how to collect
HISTOPATHOLOGY
into the bottles that is being given to them. Some of the laboratory materials are stored in the
reception. Listed below are a few steps to follow when dispatching microbiological specimens:
a) Keep a register of all specimens dispatched. Record the name, number, and ward or health
centre of the patient, type of specimen, investigation required, date of dispatch, and the
method of sending the specimen. When the report is received back from the microbiology
b) Check the specimen container is free from cracks, and the cap is leak-proof.
c) Use sufficient packaging material to protect a specimen especially when the container is a
glass tube. When the specimen is fluid use sufficient absorbent material to absorb it should a
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3.2 Microbiology laboratory
This is a serological test carried out to screen a patient blood for the hepatitis B surface antigen.
Procedure:
2. The sample was spun down by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain serum.
3. Using Pasteur pipette, two drops of serum were placed on the absorbent end of the test strip.
4. The test strip was allowed to stand for 2 minutes and the result was observed
RESULT
Positive: Two distinct red lines, one line should be in control region (c) and another line should
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Negative: One red line appears in the control region (c) no apparent red line appears in the test
region (C).
Invalid: This occurs when the control Line fails to appear due to insufficient specimen volume
Aim: To investigate the presence of malaria parasite (plasma odium) in the blood sample
Principle: The thick blood film dictates the parasite present as Giemsa stain is used to stain the
film which helps for easy identification with the addition of immersion oil.
Materials: Clean glass slide, cotton wool, spreader, staining rod, immersion oil, and microscope.
Procedure: Inverse the blood container for the blood to mix then place 1-2drops of blood sample
on a clean, dry grease free slide make a thick film or smear. Allow to air dry and flood the slide
with Giemsa stain and allow for -10 minutes, then allow to air dry. When completely dry, apply a
drop of immersion oil to an area of the cover an area of the 10mm in diameter. Select the
pigment were seen with x100 oil immersion. A thick red dot is found on these black pigments. If
one red dot is seen, it is record as +, if two are seen, it is recorded as ++ etc
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3.3 Hematology Laboratory
a) Blood Group
b) Pregnancy Test
Pregnancy test
Precaution
It is necessary for one to be very careful while collecting and preparing blood samples. A
number of parasitological, bacterial and viral diseases can be transmitted through blood. The
time of collection should be mentioned on the specimen as well as on the result sheet and also
Steps involved
a. Select a sterile, dry plastic syringe of the capacity required, e.g. 2.5ml, 5ml or 10ml
b. Apply a soft tubing tourniquet or Velcro arm bound to the upper arm of the patient
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c. Using the index finger feel for a suitable vein, selecting a sufficiently large straight vein
that does not roll and with a direction that can be felt.
d. Cleanse the puncture site with 70% ethanol and allow drying.
e. When sufficient blood has been collected, release the tourniquet and instruct the patient to
f. Centrifuge for 3-5 minutes (RCF 12000-15000xg), using the shorter time when the RCF is
15,000xg
g. Immediately after centrifuging, first check that there has been no leakage of blood from the
bottle or breakage.
h. Pregnancy Test is therefore carried out by inserting a pregnancy strip in the bottle
containing blood.
Most chemical tests for pregnancy look for the presence of the beta subunit of hCG or human
chorionic gonadotropin in the blood or urine. hCG can be detected in urine or blood after
implantation, which occurs six to twelve days after fertilization. Quantitative blood (serum beta)
tests can detect hCG levels as low as 1 mIU/mL, while urine tests have published detection
thresholds of 20 mIU/mL to 100 mIU/mL, depending on the brand. Qualitative blood tests
generally have a threshold of 25 mIU/mL, and so are less sensitive than some available home
pregnancy tests. Most home pregnancy tests are based on lateral-flow technology.
Results
The strip shows whether the patient is pregnant or not if Positive (double line): the patient is
pregnant
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b) Invalid: No visible band at all. The test is repeated
Precautions
Widal test
Widal test is a test used for the diagnosis of typhoid fever, based on agglutination of salmonella
Aim: To detect the presence of antibodies against salmonella organism that causes paratyphoid
(typhoid fever).
Principle: This is based on agglutination reaction between an antibody present in the serum,
produced specifically against salmonella antigen and the salmonella antigen suspension to form
immune complex.
Procedure:
2. The patient’s blood sample was transferred into a test tube and spun for 10 minutes using the
3. A drop of the serum was placed on each of the depressions on the white tile using Pasteur
pipette.
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4. Equal amount of each of the salmonella antigen suspension (salmonella ‘0’ and ‘H’ antigen
6. The white tile was rocked continuously for about 2 minutes and the mixture was observed for
agglutination.
Result: The result is graded according to the degree of agglutination on each fluid ranging from
1:20<1:80<1:160<1:320. The diagnostic titre value of enteric fever is1:80. Hence, any titre value
Value of Test:
The packed cell volume also called hematocrit, is used to calculate the mean cell hemoglobin
concentration (MCHC) and mean cell volume (MCV). These red cell indices are used in the
investigation of anemia. The PCV is also used to screen for anemia when it is not possible to
measure hemoglobin, and to diagnose polychaemia vera and to monitor its treatment. It is
Specimen:
To measure the PCV, either well mixed well oxygenated EDTA anti coagulated blood can be
Equipment:
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Test Method
1. About three quarters fills either a plain capillary with well mixed EDTA anticoagulated
blood (tested within 4 hours of collection), or a heparinized capillary with capillary tube
2. Seal the unfilled end, preferably using a sealant material. If unavailable, heats seal the
capillary using a small flame from a sprint or a pilot flame of a bursen burner, rotating the
3. Carefully locate the capillary in one of the numbered slots of the microhaematocrit rotor
with the sealed end against the rim gasket (to prevent breakage). Write the number on the
patient form.
4. Centrifuge for 3-5 minutes (RCF 12000-15000xg), using the shorter time when the RCF is
15,000xg
5. Immediately after centrifuging, read the PCV. First check that there has been no leakage of
blood from the capillary or breakage. To read the PCV in a hand held, align the base of the
red cell column on the 0 line and the top of the plasma column on the 100line.Read off the
PCV from scale. The reading point is the top of the red cell column, just below the buffy
Results
Above the packed red cells is a white layer of platelets. Plasma is usually straw colored, but if
bright yellow; it is jaundiced, when colorless; it is iron deficient, when red; hemolysis has
occurred.
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Factors that affect PCV result
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CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 SUMMARY
During my period at the Hospital as a SIWES student, I catalogued some information materials
and I also did some activities at reception such as attending to patient and assisting in registration
of new patient. All skill acquired learnt and taught will be put into practice and work when I am
done with my National Diploma from the Federal Polytechnic, Ile Oluji, Ile Oluji Ondo State.
4.2 RECOMMENDATION
I hereby advice all intending SIWES students to focus on the experience they will acquire rather
than the financial rewards. Also, more public enlightenment awareness should be done to
educate people more on the need to always go for medical check-up and treatment in hospitals
4.3 CONCLUSION
The industrial training programme exposed me to a lot of practical parts of the theory previously
taught and experience in several aspects of medical microbiology. I have learnt how major
diagnostic tests are being carried out to detect various kinds of infections or disease
manifestation in the human system. Also, the training has helped me to learn how to handle
laboratory equipment and use them effectively. I had the opportunity to perform microscopy of
samples which involves preparing slides for staining; viewing prepared slides and identifying
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REFERENCES
ITF (2004). Information and guidelines for Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme:
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