NATIONAL MOCK EXAMINATION – 2020

SOCIAL STUDIES PAPER 1 – MARKING KEY

SECTION A
Q1.
a) Give two (2) reasons for the rapid population growth between 1850 and 1975
- Increased agricultural produce
- Increased industrial produce / improved standard of living
- Improved health / medicines (facilities and services)
- Improved hygiene
2 Marks
b) Describe two (2) problems that are associated with rapid population growth.
- Overpopulation / shortage of resources (land; housing; accommodation) / pressure
on resources
- Conflicts over use of resources
- Squatter settlements / slums: Pollution
- Unemployment: Crimes
- Pressure on social amenities (health / education)
4 Marks

c) Explain two (2) ways of addressing problems resulting from rapid population growth.
- Population policy encouraging limited births (use of contraceptives; early marriages)
- Environmental policies: industries / guard against pollution
- Environmental education
- Population Education
4 Marks

Q2.
a) From the passage identify two (2) differences between America’s Presidential system
of government and the UK’s Parliamentary system of government.

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  Head of state / Leadership: America – President while UK is Prime Minister
 Organs of government: in America the three organs are independent while in the UK
the legislative and executive are combined to form parliament. 2 Marks

b) “The executive makes the day to day decisions and is responsible for running of
government”
i) Describe the composition of the executive in Botswana.
The president; the Vice President; Ministers; Assistant Ministers (Cabinet) and
the civil servants 1 Mark

ii) Give three (3) roles of the executive not mentioned in the passage.
 Makes the National Development Plan of the country
 Makes the national annual budget
 Proposes new laws / policies
 Proposes getting loans from other countries
3 Marks

c) Besides the role of the Opposition in Parliament mentioned in the passage explain two
(2) other roles the opposition in parliament encourages good governance.
- Encourages accountability on the part of the ruling party
- Keeps the ruling party on its toes – encouraging corrupt free practices
- Contributes alternative ideas to government
- They are an alternative choice of government
4 Marks

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 SECTION B
Q3.
a) Define the following concepts’
i) Eco tourism: Is type of tourism that is concerned with protecting and safeguarding the
interest of the environment. 1 Mark
ii) Population density: Average number of people per unit area/ per kilometer square. 1
Mark

b) Explain two ways of resolving conflicts arising from the use of scarce resource.
 Educating the communities on use of scarce resources
 Legislation by the government on use of scarce resources/ arbitration.
 Cooperation/consultation between stakeholders
 Support NGOs that are concerned with environmental conservation.
4 Marks

c) Explain two (2) positive effects of influx foreigners in Botswana.

 Receives skilled people who transfer the skills to the locals – improves productivity.
 Opening of new industries/ business hence creation of employment.
 Increased tax / revenue – contributes to development
 Increased local market/improved purchasing power
 Increased labour force leading to increased production
4 Marks

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Q4.
a) Define the following concepts
i) International Relations: official agreement between countries, socially, economically and
politically / interaction between countries. 1 Mark
ii) Sovereignty: Is the right and power of independent countries to make decisions or run
their affairs without interference from other countries and / or international organisations / act
of being independent. 1 Mark

b) Explain two (2) ways the government is facilitating for peace and harmony among cultural
groups in Botswana.
 Allow intermarriages across ethnic groups
 Amending discriminatory laws e.g. laws which referred to some tribes as major and
others as minor.
 Distribution of resources basing on national needs rather than tribal needs.
 Allowing all tribes to have a say in decision making.
4 Marks

c) Explain the role of International Court of Justice in maintaining peace.

 Tries cases of international disputes.
 Tries people who have committed crimes against humanity.
 Court gives advisory opinions on legal questions to the General Assembly and Security
Council.

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  Interprets treaties / agreements between countries and international organisations
4 Marks

Q5.
a) Define the following concepts.
i) Mfecane- The period of tribal wars that occurred in Southern Africa during the
early parts of the nineteenth century. 1 Mark
ii) Constitutional Democracy - Is a system of government in which political
authority lies in the constitution. 1 Mark

b) Explain two (2) changes brought by the 1934 Native Administration Proclamation in
reducing the powers of the Kgosi and the kgotla.
 The tribal council was formed to replace some of the functions of the Kgotla.
 The chief ruled with the consent of the tribal council
 Dikgosi were no longer allowed to collect tax or raise funds without permission from
the resident commissioner.
 The British government had the power to remove, suspend or banish a chief.
4 Marks

c) Describe two weakness of Botswana‘s first past the post electoral system.
 Lack of direct presidential elections.
 Marginalize small parties as party that wins most constituencies becomes the ruling
party.
 Allow the elected to defect from one party to another without losing their parliament or
council seat.

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  Allows bye elections which are expensive more especially for opposition parties.
 Division into constituencies may bring imbalance in development.
 Unfair reflection of party strengths/ruling party not necessarily the most popular
4 Marks

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