VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY



POWER ELECTRONICS
ASSIGNMENT 01
CLASS TT01--- GROUP 05 --- SEMESTER 232

LECTURER: Dr. PHAN QUỐC DŨNG

Student’s Name Student’s ID Performance Grade

Nguyễn Hồ Phúc
2151236 Flyback
Nguyên
Nguyễn Lê Đức Phát 2111979 Forward + Format
Pushpull (calculate
Nguyễn Minh Hoàng 1810928
+ sketch V)
Pushpull (sketch I+
Nguyễn Quang Huy 2051119
simulation)

Ho Chi Minh city – 2024

 TABLE OF CONTENT

Contents
1.Flyback Converter..............................................................................................3
1.1 Define:.........................................................................................................3
1.2 Sketch waveforms:......................................................................................4
1.3 Simulate with PLECS..................................................................................5
Forward Converter..............................................................................................12
2.1 Define........................................................................................................12
2.2 Sketch waveforms.....................................................................................13
2.3 Simulate with PLECS................................................................................17
3. Pushpull Converter..........................................................................................26
3.1 Define:.......................................................................................................27
3.2 Sketch waveforms:....................................................................................27
3.3 Simulate with PLECS................................................................................32
1.Flyback Converter
Group Vs N1/N2 Lm [H] C R fsw D
[V] [C] [] [kHz]

5 24 3 350 250 3 50 0.6

Equivalent circuit using

a transformer model that includes the magnetizing inductance

1.1 Define:
a)Vout, Pout
 D N2 0.6 1
V o =V s =24 =12(V )
1−D N 1 1−0.6 3
2
V O 122
PO = = =48(W )
R 3
b)ILm min, ILm max

I Lm =I Lm +
max
∆ I Lm
2
=
Vs D
( )
2
N 2 2 V s D 24 0.6 1 2
+ = 2
( 1−D ) R N 1 2 Lmf ( 0.4 ) 3 3()+
24 0.6
2 350 μ 50 κ
=3.7448( A)

I Lm =I Lm−
min
∆ I Lm
2
=
Vs D
2( )
N 2 2 V s D 24 0.6 1 2
N
(1−D ) R 1
−
2 Lmf
= ()
2
( 0.4 ) 3 3
−
2
24 0.6
350 μ 50 κ
=2.9219( A)

c)Output voltage ripple.

∆Vo D 0.6
= = =0.016=1.6 %
Vo RCf 3 250 μ 50 κ
1.2 Sketch waveforms:
1.3 Simulate with PLECS

VSw, VD, V1, V2, VC

VSw
VD

V1
V2

VC
iLm, iSw, iD, i1, i2, iC, is
iLm

iSw
iD

i1
i2

iC
is

Comment: Interference signals from electronic components such as capacitors,

resistors, inductors or transformers affect the signal of the flyback converter, which we
can see when we simulate the circuit on PLECS.
Forward Converter
Group Vs N1/N2 N1/N3 Lx Lm C R fsw D
[H]
[V] [H] [C [] [kHz]
]

5 24 1 2 250 350 150 3 50 0.6

2.1 Define
a) Vo, Po
N2
V o =V s D =24 × 0.6 ×1=14.4 (V )
N1
2
V O 14.42
PO = = =69.12(W )
R 3

b) ILx min, ILx max

i Lx =I Lx +
max
∆ I Lx V o
2
= +(V ¿ ¿ s
R ( )
N2
N1
−V o)
DT
2 Lx
=5.0304 ( A)¿

i Lx =I Lx−
min
∆ I Lx V o
2
= −(V ¿ ¿ s
R ( )
N2
N1
−V o )
DT
2 Lx
=4.5696 ( A )¿
 V s DT 1 44
∆ i Lm= = ( A)
Lm 175

c)Output voltage ripple.

∆Vo 1−D
= =0.0533 %
V o 8 Lx C f 2

2.2 Sketch waveforms

[0:DT]: switch on, D1 on, D2 off, D3 off
Vsw = VD1 = 0 (V)
N2
V D =V 2=V 3 =24(V )
2
N1

V D =−V S−V 3 =−36(V )

3

V 1=V S=24 (V )

N3
V 3=V S =12(V )
N1

V L =V 2−V 0 =9. 6(V )

X

[DT:t0]: switch off, D1 off, D2 on, D3 on

V SW =V S −V 1=72(V )
V D =V D =0 (V)
3 2

V 3=−V S=−24(V )

V D =V 2=−48(V )
1

V 1=¿ V S −V SW =−48 (V )

V L =−V 0=−14.4(V )
X

[t0:T]: switch off, D1 off, D2 on, D3 off

V SW =V S =24( V )

V D =V D =0 (V)
1 2

V D =−V S=−24 (V )
3

V 1=V 2 =V 3=0(V )

V L =−V 0=−14.4(V )
X

i L =¿
X
i C =¿ i L −i R =i L −48

∆ i L =0.82( A)
m

{
0 → 0.82 ,0< t< DT
i L = 0 .82 →0 , DT <t <t 0
m

0 , t 0 < t<T

{
iL X(MIN )
→ i L ,0< t< DT
X( MAX)

iD =
1
i 2=0 , DT <t< t 0
i 2=0 , DT <t< t 0

iD =
2
{ iL X( MAX)
0 0<t < DT
→ i L DT < t<T
X( MIN)

{
¿ 0 , 0<t< DT
i D 3=i 3 ¿ 2i Lm , DT <t< t o
¿ 0 ,t o <t <T

i 1=¿

{ {
¿ i Lm +i 1 ,0 <t< DT ¿ i s w , 0<t < DT
i 2=i D 1 ¿i sw = i =
¿ 0 , DT <t <t o s ¿−(i Lm +i 1), DT <t< t o
¿ 0 ,t o <t <T ¿ 0 , t o <t <T

Vo
i o= =4.8( A)i C =¿
R
2.3 Simulate with PLECS

vSw,vD1,vD2,vD3,v1,v2,v3,vLx

Vsw
VD1

VD2
VD3
V1

V2
V3

VLx

iLx,iD1,iD2,iD3,iSw,i1,i2,i3,iC,is,iLm

iLx
iD1 = i2

iD2
iD3

iSw
i1

iC
iS

iLm
Comment: When the switch is turned on, energy is transferred from the power
source to the load using a transformer. The voltage on the secondary side of the
transformer appears as a pulsed waveform, and its output is analyzed in a similar
way to a buck DC-DC converter. While the switch is closed, energy is stored in
the magnetizing inductance. When the switch is opened, this stored energy can
be returned to the input source through a third winding on the transformer.

3. Pushpull Converter
Group Vs Np/Ns Lm [H] C R fsw D
[V] [C] [] [kHz]

5 24 2 90 25 3 30 0. 4
 Given: Vs = 24 V, Np/Ns = 2, Lx = 90µH, C = 25µC, R = 3Ω, fsw = 30kHz, D =
0.4

3.1 Define:
a)Vout, Pout

( )
Ns
()
2 2
1 V
V out =2V s D=2∗24∗ ∗0.4=9.6 ( V ) Pout = out = 9.6 =30.72(W )
Np 2 R 3

b)ILx min, max

V out 9.6
I L= = =3.2 ( A )
R 3
9.6
∗( 0.5−0.4 )∗1
V out 90∗10
−6
∆ I L= ∗( 0.5−D ) T = 3
≈ 0.356( A)
Lx 30∗10
∆ IL 0.356 ∆ IL 0.356
I Lmax =I L + =3.2+ =3.378 ( A ) I Lmin=I L− =3.2− =3.022( A)
2 2 2 2
c)Output voltage ripple
∆Vo 1−2 D 1−2∗0.4
= = =0.003∨¿0.31%
V 0 32 L x C f 32∗90∗10 ∗25∗10−6∗(30∗103 )2
2 −6

3.2 Sketch waveforms:

vsw1,sw2,D1,D2,P1,P2,S1,S2,Lx
[0 ÷ DT]: SW1 ON, SW2 OFF, D1 ON, D2 OFF
vP1 = vP2 = VS = 24 (V)
v s 1=v s 2=V s
( ) ()
Ns
Np
1
=24∗ =12(V )
2

Vsw2 = 2Vs = 2*24 = 48 (V)

v Lx=v x −V o=V s
( )
Ns
Np
1
()
−V o =24∗ −9.6=2.4( V )
2

[DT ÷ T/2]: SW1 OFF, SW2 OFF, D1 ON, D2 ON

v Lx=−V o=−9 ,6 (V )

[T/2 ÷ T/2 + DT]: SW1 OFF, SW2 ON, D1 OFF, D2 ON

vP1 = vP2 = -VS = -24 (V)

v s 1=v s 2=−V s
( )
Ns
Np
1
()
=−24∗ =−12(V )
2

Vsw1 = 2Vs = 2*24 = 48 (V)

v Lx=v x −V o=V s
( )
Ns
Np
1
()
−V o =24∗ −9.6=2.4( V )
2

[T/2 + DT ÷ T]: SW1 OFF, SW2 OFF, D1 ON, D2 ON

v Lx=−V o=−9 ,6 (V )
3.3 Simulate with PLECS

Vsw1
Vsw2

Vd1
Vd2

Vp1=vp2
Vlx

Id1
Id2