A Study On Road Accidents Analysis and Road Safety Measures at Gabtoli To Manikganj Highway

A Study on Road Accidents Analysis and Road Safety
Measures at Gabtoli to Manikganj Highway
A thesis by
Md. Mahbub Elahi

ID #.CEN 06710028
Ali Hasan
ID #.CEN 06710111
Md. Bulbul Ahamed
ID #.CEN 06710113
Md. Shabbir Hossen
ID #.CEN 066 09934
Supervised by
Md. Kamruzzaman Haque Limon

Senior Lecturer & Assistant Proctor
Department of Civil Engineering

Stamford University Bangladesh
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of
Science (B.Sc.) in Civil Engineering
JULY 2022
i
STAMFORD UNIVERSITY BANGLADESH
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Md. Mahbub Elahi

ID #.CEN 06710028
Ali Hasan
ID #.CEN 06710111
Md. Bulbul Ahamed
ID #.CEN 06710113
Md. Shabbir Hossen
ID #.CEN 066 09934
JULY 2022
A Study on Road Accidents Analysis and Road Safety Measures at Gabtoli to Manikganj Highway
ii
A thesis by
Md. Mahbub Elahi

ID #.CEN 06710028
Ali Hasan
ID #.CEN 06710111
Md. Bulbul Ahamed
ID #.CEN 06710113
Md. Shabbir Hossen
ID #.CEN 066 09934
Supervised by


Stamford University Bangladesh
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of
Science (B.Sc.) in Civil Engineering
JULY 2022
iii
STAMFORD UNIVERSITY BANGLADESH
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
The project and thesis title “A Study on Road Accidents Analysis and Road Safety
Measures at Gabtoli to Manikganj Highway” Submitted by Md.Mahbub Elahi, ID
No. CEN 06710028 and Batch No: 67-C, Ali Hasan, ID No. CEN 06710111 and Batch
No: 67-C , Md. Bulbul Ahamed, ID No. CEN 06710113 and Batch No: 67-C, Md.
Shabbir Hossen, ID No. CEN 06609934 and Batch No: 65-C of the Department of Civil
Engineering has been examined thoroughly and accepted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science (B.Sc) in Civil Engineering on July
27, 2022.
------------------------------------
Supervisor
Stamford University Bangladesh.
iv
DECLARATION
We are Md. Mahbub Elahi, Md. Bulbul Ahamed, Ali Hasan and Md. Shabbir Hossen.
The students of B.Sc. in Civil Engineering hereby solemnly declare that, the works
presented in this project & thesis has been carried out by us and has not previously been
submitted to any other University/College/ Organization for any academic
qualification/certificate/diploma/ degree.
We warrant that the present work does not breach any copyright.
We further undertake to indemnify the University against any loss or damage arising
from breach of the foregoing obligations.
------------------------ -------------------------
Md. Mahbub Elahi Ali Hasan
ID No.CEN 06710028 ID No.CEN 06710111
Batch No: 67-C Batch No: 67-C
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
----------------------- --------------------------
Md. Bulbul Ahamed Md. Shabbir Hossen
ID No.CEN 06710113 ID No.CEN 06609934
Batch No: 67-C Batch No: 66-A
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
v
DEDICATION
We dedicate this thesis to our parents. We would also like to dedicate our thesis to our
honorable supervisor MD.KAMRUZZAN HAQUE LIMON, Senior Lecturer &
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Stamford University
Bangladesh.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The research about ‘A Study on Road Accidents Analysis and Road Safety
Measures at Gabtoli to Manikganj Highway’ has been conducted in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Civil
Engineering. We are able to complete this critical work with the help and cooperation
of many people in different ways. I express my gratitude and thanks to them for this
kind of cooperation. First of all, we would like to show our highest gratitude to the
Almighty Allah for his mercy, blessings and guidance while we were preparing this
thesis. The author expresses her heartiest gratitude and profound indebtedness to Md.
Kamruzzaman Haque Limon Senior Lecturer & Assistant Proctor, Department of Civil
Engineering, Stamford University Bangladesh, under whose supervision this thesis &
project work has been carried out. Without his keen interest, constant guidance,
motivation and encouragement, invaluable suggestions and helpful criticism at every
stage, this work could not be possible to accomplish and materialize. We are very
grateful to all our teachers of the University for their cooperation and dedication
teaching for the achievement of the degree of B.Sc. in Civil Engineering. Co-operation
and assistance of all the officers and staff of the Stamford University Bangladesh are
acknowledged. We also express our heartfelt thanks to the officials of the ARI BUET
who unconditionally helped us a lot in various ways by providing us with all kinds of
information required for this project and thesis. Above all, our thanks are reserved for
us parents and friends for their continuous encouragement and support throughout the
research period.
vii
ABSTRACT
This study is aimed to A study on road accident analysis and road safety measures at
Gabtoli to Manikganj Highway, Before the Padma Bridge was built, it was the busiest
road in the southern part of Bangladesh, road connectivity between the capital and south
and northeast parts of the country, reducing travel time by several hours. Currently the
road has been converted from two lanes to four lanes as a result of road development
work. Investigation was based on field surveys and questionnaire surveys.
Questionnaires were done on drivers and passenger. For this purpose 200 driver and
passenger were selected in each category. Investigation reveals that according to
Drivers the causes of Highway road accident were over speed, overtaking, pedestrian
and Weather at the selected roads on Gabtoli to Manikganj Highway. Passengers said
that the causes of Highway road accident were over speed 38% overtaking 25%,
pedestrian 29% and weather condition 8%, at the selected roads on Gabtoli to
Manikganj Highway. In this particular Highway gain in speed is a tendency of all the
drivers. Most of the speed range found in this Highway for different types of vehicles
such as Bus (40-60 km/hour), Truck (40-55 km/hour), private Car (40-60 km/hour) and
Motorcycle (40-60 km/hour). We analyze vehicle data through driver, traffic police and
speed meter apps of different vehicles. Field survey reveals that there are many urban
areas and sub urban areas including market besides the road as well as road side
activities. There were not enough foot over bridges Gabtoli to Manikganj Highway.
Some more foot over bridges and bus bays are required.
viii
INDEX
Type of Content Page no
DECLARATION v
DEDICATION vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vii
ABSTRACT viii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background 1
1.2 Objective of the study 2
1.3 Scope of thesis study 2
1.4 Organization of the Thesis 2
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Types of Accident 5
2.2.1 Common Type of Accident 5
2.2.1.1 Side Impact Collision 6
2.2.1.2 Head on Collision 7
2.2.1.3 Rear-End Collision 8
2.2.1.4 Single Car Accident 9
2.2.1.5 Sideswipe Collision 10
2.2.1.6 Vehicle Rollover 11
2.2.1.7 Multiple Vehicle Collision 12
2.3 Causes of accidents and its prevention 13
2.3.1 Over Speeding 13
2.3. Drunken Driving 13
ix
2.3.3 Wrong Turning 13
2.3.4 Distraction to Drivers 13
2.4 Others Causes Of Accidents 14
2.5 Prevention Of Accidents 14
2.5.1 Public Awareness 14
2.5.2 Set Speed limit 14
2.5.3 Read Caution signs 15
2.6 Summary 15
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

3.1 Introduction 17
3.2 Source of Information 17
3.2.1 Primary Source 17
3.2.2 Secondary Source 17
3.3 Flow Chart 18
3.3.1 Topic Selection 19
3.3.2 Location Selection 19
3.3.3 Questionnaire Survey 20
3.3.4 ARI Data Collection 20
3.3.5 Site Visit 21
3.3.6 Field Data Collection 21
3.3.7 ARI Analysis 21
3.3.8 Result 21
3.3.9 Recommendation 21
3.3.10 Summary 21
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Introduction 23
x
4.2 Geographic Data of the Study Area 24
4.3 Standard Terminology 25
4.4 Data collection 26
4.4.1 ARI Data (Primary source) 26
4.4.2 Casualties Data 27
4.5 Data Analysis 33
4.5.1 ARI Data Analysis 33
4.6 Field Survey Data 39
4.7 Questionnaire survey Data Analysis 47
4.8 Photographic Survey 63
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 General 75
5.2 Conclusion 75
5.3 Recommendation 76
5.4 References 78
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table 4.1 All causalities data 27
Table 4.2 Distribution of accidents according to contributory factor 28
Table 4.3 Questionnaire field survey Data 39
LIST OF FIGURES
4.1 Fatal data for All Casualties 33
4.2 Grievously data for All Causalities 34
4.3 Simple data for All Causalities 34
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4.4 Over Speed Data only 35
4.5 Careless Driving Data only 35
4.6 Wrong Over Turning Data Only 36
4.7 Pedestrians Activity Data Only 36
4.8 Passenger Activity Data Only 37
4.9 Poor Road Condition Data Only 37
4.10 Defects of vehicles data only 38
4.11 Others data only 38
4.12 Driver drug addiction 48

4.13 Reckless driving 48
4.14 Drivers unaware 49

4.15 Causes of motorbike accident 49
4.16 Causes of freight truck accident 50
4.17 Major reason of accident 51
4.18 Public ages 52
4.19 Reduce pedestrian accident 53
4.20 Main causes of pedestrian accident 54
4.21 Disturbance for non-motorized vehicles 55
4.22 Facilities taken for pedestrian 56

4.23 Control speed 57
4.24 Faults occurs accident 57

4.25 Reason of accident due to speed breaker 58
4.26 Motorbike accident 59
4.27 Children injured 59
4.28 Accident witnessed 60
4.29 Types of Vehicles 60
xii
4.30 Overloading vehicles cause accident 61
4.31 Reduce accident in public area 61
4.32 Causes of unauthorized vehicle accident 62
LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS
4.1 Two Lane Road 23

4.2 Bilamalia Bus Stop 24
4.3 Road View 24
4.4 Nabinagar Intersection 63
4.5 Foot over bridge at dhamrai 63
4.6 Road condition at Golora 64
4.7 Pedestrians not using Foot over bridge to cross the road 64
4.8 Using wrong way for shortcut 65
4.9 Unauthorized vehicle on the highway 65
4.10 Three Person on a Bike without Helmet 66
4.11 Bike Racing On Road 66
4.12 Risky Road Crossing 67
4.13 Truck Accident on the Roadside 67
4.14 Reckless Turning 68
4.15 Dangerous Road Crossing 68
4.16 Crossing road while talking on mobile phone 69
4.17 Road view (Savar highway Police Station) 69
4.18 Unauthorized vehicle on the road 70
4.19 No traffic Signal at the turning point 70
4.20 Savar Highway Thana 71
xiii
4.21 Golora Highway Thana 71
4.22 Manikganj Traffic Police Office 72
4.23 Golora Highway Thana to collect data 72
4.24 Questionnaire data collection 73
xiv
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
xv
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
At present road accidents are regular happenings all over the world. It is increasing day by
day. Thousands of people die every year due to street accidents. Belonging to a country
where road traffic death rate is around 11.6 per populations, where traffic system is so hap
hazardous that traffic jam is a hindrance to development, where sustainable transportation
system development is a challenge for the engineers, I feel to face the challenges of
transportation engineers of my country. If someone watches daily news here, he will find
at least 1-2 accidents causing injuries and death of people. Bangladesh has a very high road
accident rate fatality with official figures indicating more than 60 deaths per 10,000 motor
vehicles. Although Bangladesh is a low-income developing country with a high number of
populations, we believe with the advancement of technology and research the traffic
problems can be much reduced to a tolerable limit. There are lots of discrepancies between
transportation planning and land use here and it's very difficult for the transport officials to
change the system that has already existed for years.
Gabtoli is the largest bus terminal in Bangladesh. From where buses run all over the
country. Mentionable among these routes is Gabtali to Manikganj Highway. This highway
connects some districts of South Bengal with Dhaka through Aricha Ghat. It also connects
Dhaka with Gazipur. The distance from Gabtoli to Manikganj is 52 km. There are two
highway police stations on this route. Glora Highway Police Station (Manikganj) and Savar
Highway Police Station (Dhaka). These include 26 km of Savar Highway Police Station
and 24 km of Glora Highway Police Station. This route has 4 lanes from Gabtoli to
Nabinagar and 2 lanes from Nabinagar to Manikganj. This is the busiest road. Among the
mentionable vehicles on this road are: - Buses, trucks, cars, motor bikes etc. There are also
a variety of non-motorized and unorganized Vehicles moving across the region. We see
the number of vehicles increasing almost every year, which is playing a very effective role
in reducing human suffering. The exception to this is racing, which is one of the causes of
accidents. Some cars are a waste of time to stand there.
1
Nowadays, road traffic accidents have become a great social concern in Dhaka as well as
Bangladesh and the situation is deteriorating. In these circumstances, road accidents in
Dhaka to Manikganj Highway are becoming high. Here the literature percentage is under
85%. So, the pedestrians have not well knowledge and they have not been aware of the
traffic rules and regulations of this city. They cross the roads at any place whenever and as
they want. So, many accidents occur on the roads and some of them even die out of these
accidents.
These factors, together with the large shift of traffic from other modes to road and the
process of rapid urbanization in conjunction with socioeconomic parameters, have resulted
in enormous road traffic accidents problems.
From the above discussion it was felt that a study in this regard would be useful to make
some recommendations to minimize the road accidents and death toll in Dhaka-Manikganj.
So, the present study “A Study on Road Accidents Analysis and Road Safety Measures at
Gabtoli to Manikganj Highway’’ was undertaken as project & thesis work in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of B.Sc., in Civil Engineering. The study was
carried out with the objectives as mentioned in the subsequent subsection of this project
and thesis.
The present study is based on literature review and a compilation of a number of studies
made by different authors as mentioned in the reference section. We believe that gaining
advanced knowledge and research experience in transportation engineering and related
technologies will surely help me to minimize the sufferings of my country's people who
seem to revolve between an identity crisis of “developing” and “near developed”.
1.2 Objective of the study
The specific objectives of the study as flowing:
1. To identify the road accident patterns that exist in the Gabtolito ManikganjHighway.
2. To determine the contributing factors of road accidents with respect to vehicles,
drivers, pedestrians etc.
2
3. To identify the major causes of road accidents on the Gabtolito ManikganjHighway.
4. To suggest some solutions which will help to reduce road accidents into our study area.
1.3 Scope of thesis Study
This study focuses on the Road Accidents in ‘Gabtoli to Manikganj Highway ’. This study
can be used as a secondary source. All the topics discussed here are only in the perspective
of this Highway; no other Highway is taken into the consideration (2000-2015).
1.4 Organization of the Thesis
Chapter-1: Presents Introduction including Background, Objective and Scope of thesis

Study.
Chapter-2: Presents Literature Review with Classification of Accident, Elements of Road

Traffic Accident and Evaluation and Monitoring of Road Safety.
Chapter-3: Presents Methodology of the study, Study Area and Flow chart.
Chapter-4: Accident Terminology, Presents Data Collection and Analysis Accident

Statistics, Analysis Photos of the visited area and Accident Severity Analysis.
Chapter-5: Presents Conclusion and Recommendations.
3
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
4
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Literature review is very important before entering into the process to attain the specific
objectives of the thesis work. It helps to understand and get the overall idea about the
topic to work on. So, it is necessary to conduct a review of literature on the subject matter
of the thesis. This chapter presents an extensive review of literature on different types of
accidents and prevention in ‘Gabtoli to Manikganj Highway’.
2.2 Types of Accidents
Different types of accidents are occurring on different roads. Some types of accidents are
showing below:-
2.2.1 Common Type of Accidents
Accidents can happen in many different situations. They might occur due to speedy
highway driving or bumper-to-bumper traffic, but they can also occur on side streets and
in parking lots. How vehicles collide with other vehicles, objects, and even pedestrians
impacts the resulting injuries.
5
2.2.1.1 Side Impact Collision
As its name suggests, this type of collision happens when one vehicle is hit on the side by
the front, or rear, of another vehicle. These accident types can be particularly dangerous
because the side of the vehicle has less padding to absorb the impact and protect passengers.
To help with the impact of this type of collision, it is important to purchase a car that has
side airbags for head protection to avoid serious injury.
Photograph: 2.1 Side Impact Collision
6
2.2.1.2 Head on Collision
As far as types of accidents go, this is by far the most dangerous, often resulting in serious
injuries if not death. While different types of car accidents can result in more or less serious
injuries, the head-on collision causes the most serious injuries. These common car
accidents often happen due to confusion while driving, such as turning into oncoming
traffic or entering the highway in the wrong direction. It can also be caused by distracted
driving, or drunk driving.
Photograph: 2.2 Head on Collision
7
2.2.1.3 Rear-End Collision
These types of auto accidents happen when one car hits the rear- end of the car directly in
front of them. This can be caused by a lack of attention (looking at the satellite navigation
system, telephone, or otherwise distracted), as it usually occurs when the car in front
suddenly brakes or slows down, or in some cases when the car behind suddenly accelerates
without properly noting the space between cars. In this type of collision, injuries to people
in the car in front are usually more severe than those of the car behind.
.
Photograph: 2.3 Rear – End Collision
8
2.2.1.4 Single Car Accident
These types of accidents involve running off the road or hitting something along the road,
for example a tree or wall. Many factors can be at play for a single car accident to occur.
As it involves only one vehicle, it is often caused by driver behavior. Falling asleep,
swerving to avoid an obstacle, or driving drunk can all cause the driver to lose control of
their vehicle. However, mechanical faults such as brake failure may also be the cause of a
single car accident.
Photograph: 2.4 Single Car Accident
9
2.2.1.5 Sideswipe Collision
Sideswipe accidents occur when two vehicles, traveling in the same direction, collide
together along their sides, right side hitting left side. One possible cause may be a distracted
driver moving out of their lane and bumping into a car in another lane. This surprise
element causes drivers to react automatically, swerving to avoid the impact, which can
result in other cars being hit. Slamming on the brakes is another trigger reaction to these
types of accidents, and may cause rear end collisions.
Photograph: 2.5 Sideswipe Collisions
10
2.2.1.6 Vehicle Rollover
This type of accident can happen with all car types, but are more common with taller,
narrower vehicles, such as SUVs, or Lorries, due to their high center of gravity. With a
vehicle rollover, the vehicle literally flips on its side or ends up on its roof. Although speed
contributes greatly to vehicle rollovers, other environmental factors can play a part in this
type of accident, such as road conditions or a lack of barriers on the road. However, it is
statistically proven that the behavior of the driver is to blame more often than not.
Distraction, speed, and impaired driving are all common culprits.
Photograph: 2.6 Vehicle Rollover
11
2.2.1.7 Multiple Vehicle Collision
A multiple vehicle pile-up describes an accident where many vehicles are involved. These
are the most common type of car accident seen on freeways and highways where there is a
greater concentration of traffic and a higher risk of collisions. Due to the higher number of
cars involved in these types of car crashes, the injuries to passengers are often serious or
fatal, and damage to vehicles is costly. Cars caught in this type of accident can be hit more
than once as there can be a type of domino effect with cars spinning and hitting other cars.
Photograph: 2.7 Multiple Vehicle Collision
12
2.3 Causes of accidents and its prevention:
Accidents are unplanned, unintended and unexpected events that result in an exposure to a
risk. Many accidents occur due to human factors. These factors include unsafe acts, un-
mindfulness, negligence, lack of knowledge and lack of training etc.
The main causes of death and injury on roads remain speeding, wrong turning and reckless
driving.
2.3.1 Over Speeding
When we drive over speed we lose control easily. Most of the fatal accidents occur due to
over speeding. If given a chance man is sure to achieve infinity in speed .But when we are
sharing the road with others users we will always remain behind some or other vehicle.
Faster vehicles are more prone to accidents than slower one and the severity of accidents
will also be more in case of faster.
2.3.2 Drunken Driving
Drunk drivers can become drowsy or fall asleep at the wheel, and veer into oncoming traffic
in a head-on collision. In addition, alcohol reduces a person's vision, ability to comprehend
traffic signs and signals, and comprehension of the actions of other drivers, making this
type of wreck a likely outcome.
2.3.3 Wrong Turning
The most common accident on the highway is due to a wrong turn. When a car takes a
wrong turn, the car coming from the opposite direction has an accident before it breaks.
2.3.4 Distraction to Drivers
The major distraction nowadays is talking on mobile phones while driving. Act of talking
on the phone occupies a major portion of the brain and the smaller part handles the driving
skills. This division of the brain hampers reaction time ability of judgment .This becomes
one of the reasons for crashes .One should not attend to telephone calls while driving. If
the call is urgent one should pull out beside the road and attend the call.
13
2.4 Others Causes Of Accidents
Drivers: Over-speeding, rash driving, violation of rules, failure to understand signs,

fatigue, alcohol.
Pedestrian: Carelessness, illiteracy, crossing at wrong places moving on carriageway,

Jaywalkers.
Passengers: Projecting their body outside the vehicle, by talking to drivers, alighting and
boarding vehicles from the wrong side, traveling on footboards, catching a running bus etc.
Vehicles: Failure of brakes or steering, tire burst, insufficient headlights, overloading,

projecting loads.
Road Conditions: Potholes, damaged road, eroded road merging of rural roads with
highways, diversions, illegal speed breakers.
Weather conditions: Fog, snow, heavy rainfall, wind storms, hail storms.
2.5 Prevention Of Accidents
Accident prevention refers to the plans, preparations and actions taken to avoid or stop an
accident before it happens. It is a legal obligation of organizations to comply with the laws,
standard practices, and safety observations to avoid emergencies and accidents. Many
accidents occur due to human factors. Accidents will continue to happen if preventative
measures are not taken. Accident prevention can be achieved by commitment and
cooperation between management, safety programs, safety culture and accountability.
2.5.1 Public Awareness
It is possible to reduce road accidents by raising public awareness about proper road
crossings, use of foot over bridges, non-crossings, compliance with traffic signals etc.
2.5.2 Set Speed limit
One is in better control of the vehicle. Find out what causes you to speed up? Is there an
urge to speed when you have a driver close behind? Is it an effort to keep up with the
14
traffic flows .It is especially important to lower speed while nearing schools, U turn area,
Bazaar area.
2.5.3 Read Caution signs
Caution signs are very important as they warn about accident prone spots so that the driver
can reduce the speed of the vehicle .Signboards on the road are vital clues about road design
so that the person behind the wheel can exercise caution.
2.6 Summary
Most road crashes are caused by Reckless Driving & Wrong T. Studies have heard that
more than 80% of all fatal accidents involve driver error. Pedestrians and drivers need to
be more aware to avoid accidents. Road signals should be obeyed. All the information
about the accidents that have taken place in the past should be acted upon. And appropriate
action should be taken under traffic law. Road accidents cannot be totally prevented but by
suitable traffic engineering and management the accident rate can be reduced to a certain
extent.
15
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
16
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
3.1 Introduction
Methodology describes the procedure that has been followed to operationalize the research
design for the collection and analysis of the information with the research. Data from both
primary and secondary sources has been used for this study. This study also maintains the
following methodology for the achievement and successful accomplishment of the
dissertation work. Data analysis has been performed by Ms Excel done by questionnaires
survey
3.2 Source of Information
The purpose of this project, collection of appropriate, precise, standardized and accurate
information was required from the Accident Research Institute (ARI). In bringing this
report to existence, data was collected from both primary and secondary sources; special
consideration was given so that chances of biases could not arise. The sources used were:-
a) Primary source
b) Secondary source
3.2.1 Primary Source
Primary sources are original materials on which other research is based. They are usually
the first normal appearance of results in the ARI data & also from print or electronic
literature or journal. They present information in its original form, neither interpreted nor
condensed nor evaluated by others. Structured questions were constructed as the main link
in getting the primary data. We used data from ARI as the primary data.
3.2.2 Secondary Source
We are using field survey data as a secondary source. The total number of questionnaire
surveys taken for this study is 200. Secondary sources are those, which simplify the process
17
of finding and evaluating the primary literature. Secondary data may be available which is
entirely appropriate and wholly adequate to draw conclusions and answer the question.
3.3 Flow Chart
18
3.3.1 Topic Selection
The first step aims at Topic Selection. In this Study we chose this topic because it has never
been discussed before. The purpose of discussing this issue is so that people can know and
be aware of road accidents.
3.3.2 Location Selection
Gabtoli is the largest bus terminal in Bangladesh. From here buses of all districts of
Bangladesh run. Of which Gabtoli to Aricha Highway is significant (N5). Aricha Ghat of
this route connects the capital with different districts. Half of this route is 4 lanes and the
rest is 2 lanes.
For which the traffic pressure on this route is high. That is why we selected this route.
19
3.3.3 Questionnaire Survey
The second step aims at Question prepared. Based on the field observation and
reconnaissance several draft questionnaires were prepared. We have come up with 21
questions on this topic where the cause of the road accident and the way to remedy it can
be known.
3.3.4 ARI Data Collection
We collect information from ARI by accident. From 2000 to 2015 we get a lot of accident
information. We can find out from this information many types of accidents. It includes
over speeding, crossing and overtaking etc.
20
3.3.5 Site Visit
Our chosen area is Gabtoli to Manikganj Highway. Work is underway on two lanes and
four lanes of the national highway. There are thousands of vehicles on this highway every
day and there are no shoulders in many places on this road. These are the accident-prone
places on this highway: Gabtoli Bus Terminal, Savar, Nabinagar, , Dhamrai Bus Stand,
Savar Highway Police station, Kalampur, Golora Highway Police Station, Jaigir . Every
day one or another accident happens in these places. On this day we see an accident in
Boliyarpur where 5 people died in a collision between a passenger bus, a mini track and a
staff bus.
3.3.6 Field Data Collection

In the field survey we collect data from 200 people. And based on this information we can
understand that here pedestrian crossing overtaking over speed and careless driving cause
the most accidents.
3.3.7 ARI Analysis

We have created a Column Chart by analyzing ARI data. This data shows that over
speeding and careless driving cause the most accidents.
3.3.8 Result
From ARI data and Field data we understand Careless driving, over speed and pedestrian
crossings are the main cause of accidents.
3.3.9 Recommendation
Everyone should remind one thing that man is not a motorized engine. You should check
all the functions of your vehicle when you drive. Please wear a seat belt or helmet. Never
try to make phone calls when you're driving and don't drink and drive. You must know
about traffic rules, sign signal traffic lights and everything related. We will be aware when
we cross the road.
3.3.10 Summary
A statistic about what people should do about the type of accident is presented in our
discussion on various structurally planned and unplanned aspects. Our main goal is the
safety of every human life which we have tried to highlight here.
21
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
22
4.1 Introduction
An accident is the cry of a lifetime. So, this is the major issue. Among the issues, the
importance of roads and traffic is significant. We have collected all the information of the
accident from Dhaka Gabtoli to Manikganj Highway and presented it here.
4.2 Geographic Data of the Study Area
Figure: 4.1 Two Lane Road
23
Figure: 4.2 Bilamalia Bus Stop
Figure: 4.3 Road View
24
4.3 Standard Terminology
At the very outset of the study few important terms used in the text are described in order
to aid in comprehension. Some widely used terms relating to accidents and accident
locations are given below.
Accident
The term 'accident' is used to mean an event that produces, or has the potential to produce
an injury. An Accident which occurred or originated on a road open to public traffic
resulting in either injury or loss of life or damage to property, in which at least one moving
vehicle was involved.
Fatal Accident
An accident in which one or more Persons are killed outright on the spot is called a fatal
accident.
Grievous Injury Accident
An accident in which a person who has received injuries such as fractures, Concussions,
internal lesions, crushing, Severe cuts and lacerations, severe general shock requiring
medical treatment and detention in hospital.
Simple Injury Accident
An accident in which a person sustained injury but need not be admitted to the hospital. It
can also include an accident victim who sustained injuries and was treated in hospital but
not detained overnight.
Property Damage/Collision type accident
When motor vehicles hit pedestrians, another vehicle in traffic, parked vehicle, animal,
fixed object, etc. in an accident.
Carriage way
A portion of a road improved, designed or ordinarily used for vehicular traffic is termed as
carriageway. It also includes shoulders and areas at the sides or center of the carriageway
used for standing or parking of vehicles.
25
Intersection
A place in which two or more road crossings are termed as intersections. For this study it
also includes a 15 meters area within the intersection.
Midblock
The length of road beyond 15 meters of adjacent intersection is termed as midblock.
4.4 Data collection
4.4.1 ARI Data (Primary source):
A 16 years road accident data set dating from 2000 to 2015, supplied by Accident Research
Institute (ARI) was used. The aim of this sector is to develop an accurate and
comprehensive accident and casualty database.
The Preparation of this project analysis of road accidents in ‘Gabtoli to Manikganj

Highway’ have been done properly.
26
4.4.2 Casualties Data:
Table: 4.1 All casualties data
Grievously Simple Total

Year Fatality
injured Injured
2000 41 27 7 75
2001 29 12 12 53
2002 17 20 18 55
2003 29 26 7 62
2004 23 21 14 58
2005 0 0 0 0
2006 52 37 0 89
2007 5 1 1 7
2008 19 4 7 30
2009 12 8 0 20
2010 27 10 0 37
2011 35 8 2 45
2012 9 1 0 10
2013 0 0 0 0
2014 5 0 0 5
2015 4 6 2 12
Total 307 181 70 558
27
Table: 4.2 Distribution of accidents according to contributory factor-1
Careless Driving
Year Over Speed Sleep
Driving Vehicle Close
2000 0 0 0 0
2001 1 0 0 0
2002 0 0 0 0
2003 0 0 0 0
2004 2 0 0 0
2005 0 0 0 0
2006 0 0 0 0
2007 0 0 0 0
2008 5 0 0 0
2009 13 0 0 0
2010 4 0 0 0
2011 4 0 0 0
2012 1 5 0 0
2013 0 0 0 0
2014 0 1 0 0
2015 8 2 0 0
Total 38 8 0 0
28
Distribution of accidents according to contributory factor-1
Wrong
Wrong Wrong
Year Signal of Drunk Driver
Overtaking Turning
Driver
2000 0 0 0 0
2001 0 0 0 0
2002 0 0 0 0
2003 0 0 0 0
2004 0 0 0 0
2005 0 0 0 0
2006 0 0 0 0
2007 0 0 0 0
2008 0 0 1 0
2009 0 0 0 0
2010 0 0 0 0
2011 1 3 0 0
2012 0 0 0 0
2013 0 0 0 0
2014 0 0 0 0
2015 0 0 0 0
Total 1 3 1 0
29
Passenger Poor Road Geometric Faults

Year Pedestrian
Activity Condition of Road
2000 0 0 0 0
2001 0 0 0 0
2002 0 0 0 0
2003 0 0 0 0
2004 0 0 0 0
2005 0 0 0 0
2006 0 0 0 0
2007 0 0 0 0
2008 5 1 0 0
2009 0 0 1 0
2010 6 0 0 0
2011 11 0 0 0
2012 2 0 0 0
2013 0 0 0 0
2014 1 0 0 0
2015 0 0 0 0
Total 25 1 1 0
30
Defects of
Year Bad Weather Overload
Vehicle
2000 0 0 0
2001 0 0 0
2002 0 0 0
2003 0 0 0
2004 0 0 0
2005 0 0 0
2006 0 0 0
2007 0 0 0
2008 0 1 0
2009 0 0 0
2010 0 1 0
2011 0 4 0
2012 0 0 0
2013 0 0 0
2014 0 0 0
2015 0 0 0
Total 0 6 0
31
Year Type Burst Animal Activity Other
2000 0 0 0
2001 0 0 0
2002 0 0 0
2003 0 0 0
2004 0 0 0
2005 0 0 0
2006 0 0 0
2007 0 0 0
2008 0 0 0
2009 0 0 1
2010 0 0 0
2011 0 0 0
2012 0 0 0
2013 0 0 0
2014 0 0 0
2015 0 0 0
Total 0 0 1
32
4.5 Data Analysis
4.5.1 ARI Data Analysis

ARI data has been analyzed through column charts.
4.5.1.1 Casualty Data Analysis
Fatality
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Figure: 4.1 Fatal data for All Casualties
Summary: This chart shows that, there has been fatality almost every year. The maximum
fatal rate of all casualties is in the year of 2006.
33
Grievously
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Figure: 4.2 Grievously data for All Casualties

Summary: There has been more grievously in the early years. In which, the maximum is
in 2006. In this year the road conditions were not good which may be a big reason for
accidents.
20
Simple
15
10
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Figure: 4.3 Simple data for All Casualties

Summary: Here the simple casualties have been more in the early years. The highest
was in 2002. It goes without saying that there have been no simple casualties since
2004.
34
Over Speed
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Figure: 4.4 Over Speed Data only

Summary: Here the maximum accidents occur in over speeding is in the year of 2009.
There have also been some accidents due to over speeding in 2015, 2008, 2010 and 2011.
Careless Driving
6
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Figure: 4.5 Careless Driving Data only

Summary: There have been only 3 years of accidents data for careless driving. In these
the maximum was in 2012.
35
3.5
Wrong Over Turning
3
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Figure: 4.6 Wrong Over Turning Data Only

Summary: There were only 3 accidents data due to wrong over turning in 2011. There
have been no accidents in other years.
Pedestrain Activity
12
10
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Figure: 4.7 Pedestrians Activity Data Only
36
Summary: Between 2008 to 2012 there were accidents for pedestrian’s activities. At this
time the facilities for pedestrians were less.
Passenger Activity
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Figure: 4.8 Passenger Activity Data Only
Summary: There was only one accident in 2008 for passenger activities. There have been
no accidents in other years.
Poor Road Condition

1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Figure: 4.9 Poor Road Condition Data Only
Summary: There was only one accident in 2009 for poor road condition. There have been
no accidents in other years.
37
Defects of Vehicle
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 2014 2015
Figure: 4.10 Defects of vehicles data only

Summary: There have been only 3 years of accidents for defects of vehicles. In these the
maximum was in 2010.
Others
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Figure: 4.11 Others data only
Summary: There was only one accident in 2009 for other activities. There have been no
accidents in other years.
38
4.6 Field Survey Data
We are using field survey data as a secondary source. The total number
A questionnaire survey taken for this study has 200 responses. With this survey question a
pie chart.
Table: 4.3 Questionnaire field survey Data

(%) of
Objective Question Option Response Response
Yes 76 38%
A. Do you think
a driver’s drug
addiction is one No 32 16%
of the major
causes of an
accident? May be 92 46%
Excessive trip 188 34%

Driver Fault
B. Why are the
drivers doing For overtaking 194 35%
reckless
driving?
Careless driving 175 31%
Uneducated 176 54%

C. Why are
drivers unaware
Unseen the traffic 147 46%
about traffic
board
signs?
39
Questionnaire field survey Data
(%) of
Question Option Response
Objective Response
Over speed 200 27%
Inexperienced 184 24%

driver
D. What are Risky overtake 197 26%
the causes
of More than two 141 19%
motorbike people are
accidents? traveling
33 4%
Unfit bike
Driver fault
192 26%
Overload

E. What are driver
the causes
of the 138 19%
Unfit vehicles
accident of
the freight
truck? Driving by helper 173 24%
Illegal parking 65 9%
40
(%) of Response
Objective Question Option Response
Crossing 187 34%
F. What is the
major reason
for accidents Over speed 190 34%
in the study
area?
Careless 181 32%
Driver
fault <18 42
21%
G. What is 20-30
your age? 57 28%
30-50 75 38%
>50 26 13%
41
(%) of
Objective Question Option Response Response
Use zebra crossing 169 19%
Use footpath 184 21%
A. How to Use foot over bridge 190 21%

reduce
pedestrian
accidents? Traffic sign 175 20%
Increase awareness 182 19%
Pedestrian Due to distraction 140 33s%

Fault B. What are the
main causes of Having poor 111 27%
pedestrian visibility
accident
Suddenly run into 167 40%
the street
C. Do you face Yes 156 78%

any disturbance
for non-
motorized No 44 22%
vehicles?
D.Is there any Yes 132 66%

facilities that
have been taken
No 68 34%
for pedestrians?
42
Objective Question Option Response (%) of
Response
Use traffic signs 192 31%
Increases public 135 22%

A. How to awareness
control the
speed? Through proper 170 28%
enforcement of
traffic laws
Informs people 113 19%
Geometric about damage due
Fault to excess speed
B. What kind of Use normal 137 25%
faults causes elements
accidents due to the
road? Settlement 78 15%
Improper 103 19%

application of
elevation
Rough road 112 21%
Pothole 108 20%
C. What are the Faulty speed 178 33%

reasons for accidents breaker
due to speed
breakers?
Unnecessary speed 165 30%
breaker
Speed breaker 198 37%

marking
43

Response
1-2 21 10%
A. How many
accidents are caused
by motorbikes? 2-5 67 34%
5-10 80 40%
Basic More than 10 32 16%

Informatio
n about
occurred
Accident 1-3 35 17%
B. How many
3-5 64 32%
children were
injured in the
5-10 83 42%
occurrence?
More than 10 18 9%
C. How many <4 28 14%

accidents have you
witnessed in the
study area? 4-6 48 24%
More than 6 124 62%
44
Response
Bus 187 20%

A. Which types of
vehicles cause more Truck 182 19%
accidents?
Tempo 17 2%
Others
Laguna 151 17%
Informati
on about
occurred Rickshaw 145 16%
Accident
Motorcycle 164 18%
Bicycle 26 3%
Others 37 4%
B. Does overloading Yes 142 71%

of heavy vehicles
cause accidents?
No 13 6%
May be 45 23%
45
(%) of
Objective Question Option Response response
Traffic police 118 13%
Use traffic sign 161 18%
C. What can be done

to reduce accidents Increase awareness 168 18%
in public areas?
Legal parking 128 14%
Foot over bridge 169 18%

Others Use proper speed 172 19%
Informati breaker
on about
occurred Under ages driver 184 21%
Accident
driver
D. What are the Over speed 102 11%
causes of
unauthorized vehicle Excessive 144 16%
accidents? passengers
Uncontrollable 171 19%
engine
Passengers 155 17%

fluctuations on the
road
46
4.7 Questionnaire survey Data Analysis
The total number of questionnaire surveys taken for this study is 200. We
have prepared a total of 21 questions and through these questions. We have
collected information about the accident on Gabtoli to Manikganj Highway. Questionnaire
survey Data has been analyzed through pie charts.
Driver Fault
A. Do you think a driver's drug addiction is one of the major causes of an accident?
0%
38%
46%
Yes
No
May be
16%
47
Figure: 4.12 Driver drug addiction
Summary: Here 46% of people said drunk drivers have accidents and in contrast 16% of
people say they don't have accidents and 38% of people say accidents can happen.
So, drivers should not drive under the influence of alcohol.
B. Why are the drivers doing reckless driving?
0%
31% 34%
35%
Excessive trip Overtaking Careless driving
Figure: 4.13 Reckless driving

Summary: Here we can see that all the values are close; the overtaking is a little higher
(35%). So to reduce reckless driving, overtaking, excessive trip and careless driving has to
be reduced.
48
C. Why are drivers unaware about traffic signs?
0%
46%
54%
Uneducated Unseen the traffic sign
Figure: 4.14 Drivers unaware

Summary: Most of the drivers in our country are uneducated. 54% of the people here
think so. Moreover 46% of people think unseen the traffic sign. So, divers need to be
educated and traffic signs need to be clear.
D. What are the causes of motorbike accidents?
4%
19% 27%
26% 24%
Over speed Inexperience driver

Risky overtaking More than two people are traveling
Unfit bike
Figure: 4.15 Causes of motorbike accident
49
Summary: All the factors here are important. Currently, bike accidents are on the rise.
So in order to prevent bike accidents, over speed, inexperienced drivers, overtaking and
excessive riding should be avoided. And the administration needs to be tough on this.
E. What are the causes of the accident of the freight truck?
9%
26%
24%
22%
19%
Over load Inexperience driver Unfit vehicle Driving by helper Illegal parking
Figure: 4.16 Causes of freight truck accident
Summary: Most of the vehicles in the country are freight trucks. That is why this
vehicle is a big part of the accident. I can see here that accidents happen for all
reasons. These include overload (26%), second is driving by helper (24%),
followed by inexperienced drivers (22%), and unfit vehicles (19%), the latest
illegal parking (9%). So avoiding freight truck accidents all these issues should be
avoided.
50
F. What is the major reason for accidents in the study area?
0%
32% 34%
34%
Crossing Over speed Careless
Figure: 4.17 Major reason of accident
Summary: The Study area maximum accidents both Over Speed (34%), crossing (34%)
and careless (32%). At the present time, Over Speed has become a form of competition.
There is a reason for this reckless attitude of the drivers. Many riders cross the speed limit
in areas where it is dangerous to do so. It is important to maintain the distance between
your vehicle and the vehicle.
51
G. What is your age?
13%
21%
<18
20-30
30-50
38%
28% >50
Figure: 4.18 Public ages
Summary: Here the majority of drivers age are 30-50 (38%), then 20-30 (28%), then less
than 18 (21%) and more than 50 (13%).
52
Pedestrian Fault
A. How to reduce pedestrian accidents?
20% 19%
19% 21%
21%
Use zebra crossing Use footpath Use footover bridge Traffic sign Increase awareness
Figure : 4.19 Reduce pedestrian accident
Summary: Here the value of all of them is almost the same. So in order to reduce
pedestrian accidents, all these issues need to be spread among the public. At the same time,
the facilities for pedestrians should be increased.
53
B. What are the main causes of pedestrian accidents?
0%
33%
40%
27%
Due to distraction Having poor visibility Suddenly run into the road
Figure: 4.20 Main causes of pedestrian accident

Summary: We can see here that sudden run in the street is the highest 40%, then due to
distraction 33% and having poor visibility 27%. Therefore, it is understood that the main
cause of pedestrian accidents is crossing the road everywhere. So people need to be aware
of this to reduce accidents. The visibility of the road should be increased also. For this we
should have to clear the roadside obstructions.
54
C. Do you face any disturbance for non-motorized vehicles?
0%
22%
78%
Yes No
Figure: 4.21 Disturbance for non-motorized vehicles
Summary: Here, 78% of people feel disturbed by non-motorized vehicles.

Therefore, non-motorized vehicles should be reduced on the road for
uninterrupted movement, or separate lanes should be kept for their movement.
55
D. Are there any facilities that have been taken for pedestrians?
0%
34%
66%
Yes No
Figure: 4.22 Facilities taken for pedestrian
Summary: Two-thirds of the places here have facilities for pedestrians. The rest
of the part is not there, so in this one part also shoulder, foot over bridge, sidewalk
has to be made for pedestrians. This will reduce pedestrian accidents.
56
Geometric Fault
A. How to control the speed?
19%
31%
28%
22%
Use traffic sign

Increase public awarness
Through proper enforcement of traffic laws
Informs people about damage due to excess speed
Figure: 4.23 Control speed

Summary: Accidents are more for over speed. So, all the issues are important to reduce
the over speed. Of these, traffic signs (31%) and enforcement of traffic laws (28%) are
more important.
B. What kind of faults causes accidents due to the road?
20% 25%
21%
15%
19%
Use normal elements Settlement Improper application of elevation Rough road Pothole
Figure : 4.24 Faults occurs accident
57
Summary: Potholes have been used in some places on this road; normal elements have
been used in some places. Again there have been road settlements in several places and
the roads are bad in some places. And in some places improper application of elevation
have been applied. All these faults cause accidents. The authorities should take
surveillance of all these matters.
C. What are the reasons for accidents due to speed breakers?
0%
37% 33%
30%
Faulty speed breaker Unnecessary speed breaker Speed breaker marking
Figure : 4.25 Reason of accident due to speed breaker
Summary: Accidents occur due to some fault of the speed breaker. The maximum is speed
breaker marking 37% then the faulty speed breaker is 33% and 30% for unnecessary speed
breakers. So the use of unnecessary speed breakers and faulty speed breakers should be
reduced on the road. Also all speed breakers have to be marked by color.
58
Basic Information about Occurred Accident
A. How many accidents are caused by motorbikes?
16% 10%
1 to 2
2 to 5
34%
5 to 10
40%
More than 10
Figure: 4.26 Motorbike accident

Summary: Currently, the rate of motorbike accidents is increasing. 40% of the
eyewitnesses have seen 5-10 accidents. 34% 2 - 5 have seen 16% more than 10 and 10%
people have seen 1-2 motorbike accidents.
B. How many children were injured in the occurrence?
9% 17%
42%
32%
1 to 3 3 to 5 5 to 10 More than 10
Figure: 4.27 Children injured
Summary: 41% of the eyewitnesses saw 5-10 children injured, followed by 32%
3-5, 18% 1-3 and 9% more than ten children were injured.
59
C. How many accidents have you witnessed in the study area?
0% 14%
24%
62%
<4 4 to 6 More than 6
Figure: 4.28 Accident witnessed
Summary: 62% of the eyewitnesses here have seen more than 6 accidents. Then 24%
are seeing 4-6 accidents. And 14% of people have seen less than 4 accidents.
Others Information about occurred Accident
A. Which types of vehicles cause more accidents?
3%4% 20%
18%
16% 20%
2%
17%
Bus Truck Tempo Leguna Rickshaw Motorcycle Bycycle Others
Figure: 4.29 Types of vehicles
Summary: Buses and trucks account for 20% of accidents, followed by motorcycles at
18%, Laguna at 16%, rickshaws at 16%, bicycles at 3% and others at 4%.
60
B. Does overloading of heavy vehicles cause accidents?
0%
23%
6%
71%
Yes No May be
Figure: 4.30 Overloading vehicles cause accident

Summary: Overloading is a big cause of truck accidents here 71% of people think
accidents are due to overloading. 8% of people don't think so. And 22% of people think
maybe. So, overloading should be avoided to reduce accidents.
C. What can be done to reduce accidents in public areas?
19% 13%
18%
18%
18%
14%
Traffic police Use traffic sing Increase awareness

Legal parking Foot over bridge Use proper speed breaker
Figure: 4.31 Reduce accident in public area

Summary: Accidents are more common in public areas. Here, all things are equally
important to reduce accidents. So these issues have to be complied with.
61
D. What are the causes of unauthorized vehicle accidents?
17% 21%
19%
16%
16% 11%
Under age driver Inexperience driver

Over speed Excessive passenger
Uncontrollable engine Passenger fluctuations on the road
Figure: 4.32 Causes of unauthorized vehicle accident
Summary: Unauthorized vehicles on the road are increasing day by day. Many accidents
happen for them. In this case, all the aspects of the chart play an important role. So these
issues should be avoided to reduce accidents.
62
4.8 Photographic Survey
Photos: 4.4 Nabinagar Intersection
Photos: 4.5 Foot over bridge at dhamrai
63
Photos: 4.6 Road condition at Golora
Photos: 4.7 Pedestrians not using Foot over bridge to cross the road
64
Photos: 4.8 Using wrong way for shortcut
Figure: 4.9 Unauthorized vehicle on the highway
65
Photos: 4.10 Three Person on a Bike without Helmet
Photos: 4.11 Bike Racing On Road
66
Photos: 4.12 Risky Road Crossing
Photos: 4.13 Truck Accident on the Roadside
67
Photos: 4.14 Reckless Turning
Photos: 4.15 Dangerous Road Crossing
68
Photos: 4.16 Crossing road while talking on mobile phone
Photos: 4.17 Road view (Savar highway Police Station)
69
Photos: 4.18 Unauthorized vehicle on the road
Photos: 4.19 No traffic Signal at the turning point
70
Photos: 4.20 Savar Highway Thana
Photos: 4.21 Golora Highway Thana
71
Photos: 4.22 Manikganj Traffic Police Office
Photos: 4.23 Golora Highway Thana to collect data
72
Photos: 4.24 Questionnaire data collection
73
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
CHAPTER FIVE
74
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 General
The objective of the study is Gabtoli to Manikganj Highway. It is a much better highway
than any other highway. That’s why the accident rate here has come down a lot. People in
our selected areas are now much more aware.
5.2 Conclusion
An accident is the cry of lifetime. Road accidents are a nationwide tragedy, which is on the
increase day by day. It represents a large public problem, as the victim and his family are
left in a state of injury and death. Sometimes accidents can poison a family. Accidents
usually happen with cars and pedestrians or with more than one vehicle and the vehicle
falls into a ditch. The rate of bike accidents has increased a lot among the youth. Every
day a young person is injured or killed in a bike accident.
The importance of databases is essential for any road safety. This method stores and
analyzes traffic accident data collection. Accident database in Bangladesh is based on a
police report. Accident-based databases, however, should be reported more widely. The
problem can be solved through our combined efforts. Improving awareness and training is
urgently needed in the current situation.
According to the departmental statistics of accidents, Dhaka division has the highest
number of accidents and deaths. In 2021, the whole country 7,809 people were killed and
9,039 injured in 5,629 road accidents. The number of accidents on our selected road is less
than that.
In this thesis an attempt has been made to find out traffic accident trends in Gabtoli-
Manikganj Highway. Also an attempt to find out severity of accident, Analysis of accidents
by collision, weather, locations, pavement, road surface condition and alignment can be
undertaken. Road safety initiatives should be taken to manage hazardous condition,
locations by imposing appropriate safety provisions. There is no substitute for personal
awareness to avoid road accidents.
5.3 Recommendation
1. A road accident chapter can be introduced in primary level to give initial
knowledge about accidents to the children to increase awareness from childhood.
2. The number of highway police, traffic police and their facilities should be
increased.
3. Drivers should not drive the vehicle during bad weather.
4. The driver should check the vehicle fitness of the vehicle before starting the
journey.
75
5. Everyone should obey traffic laws, if necessary, punish for disobeying traffic
laws.
6. Sufficient footpaths and footway should be constructed for free movement of
pedestrians on major roads.
7. Some foot over bridges are needed to be constructed on DhakaGabtoli to
Manikganj Highway.
Further Study
1. The study has found that road users are interested in local accident information and such
information may affect people's safety awareness.
2. However, in order to find out whether local accident information has more impact on
people's safety awareness than high level accident statistics, we need to include more kinds
of road users in the study.
3. We may also need to divide these people into several subgroups, such as drivers, cyclists,
pedestrians, and so on. This is because different road user groups may have different
requirements in accident information.
4. Other information would have little impact on their safety awareness. Moreover, we
need more experiments to find out ways to improve the impact of localized road accident
information on people's safety awareness.
76
REFERENCES
References
77
1.Accident Research Institute (ARI), BUET.
2. Bangladesh Road Transport Authority (BRTA)
3.Google Map
4.Jagonews24
5. A Thesis “A Case Study on Road Accident In Dhaka City and Some Recommendations”
by the Students of Stamford University Bangladesh.
4. A Thesis “Road accident analysis and investigation” by the students of Stamford

University Bangladesh
5. A Thesis “A study on the accidents occurred on The National Highway-1” by the

students of Stamford University Bangladesh.
6. Academia.edu/Document in road accident analysis.
7. A Thesis “A Study on Road Accident Analysis and Prevention on ‘Dhaka –

Mymensingh Highway” by the students of Stamford University Bangladesh.
8. A Thesis “A Study on Road Accidents at Some Selected Locations in Dhaka City” by

the students of Stamford University Bangladesh.
9. A Thesis “A Study on the severity of Highway Accident in Bangladesh” by the students

of Stamford University Bangladesh.
78
THANK YOU
79

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A Study on Road Accidents Analysis and Road Safety

Measures at Gabtoli to Manikganj Highway

Md. Mahbub Elahi

Md. Kamruzzaman Haque Limon

Department of Civil Engineering