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Cross-topic exercise I (Ch 1-6)

Multiple-choice questions

Level 1

Biomolecules, cell membrane, enzymes

Directions: Questions 1 and 2 refer to the diagrams below, which show the structure of three
types of biomolecules (P, Q and R).
P Q

Key:
R phosphate group
amino acid
fatty acid
glycerol

1 Which of the three types of biomolecules can be found in the cell membrane?
A Q only B P and R only

v
C Q and R only D P, Q and R
c
2 Which of the following combinations about the breaking down of biomolecule P into
simpler units is correct?
Type of reaction involved Type of enzyme involved
A condensation amylase
B condensation lipase
C hydrolysis amylase
D hydrolysis lipase

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 Cross-topic exercise Exercise I (Ch 1-6)

Scientific investigation, enzymes, nutrition in humans

Directions: Questions 3 and 4 refer to the diagram below, which shows six test tubes. Each of
them contains a cube of milk agar in an enzyme solution of different pH values
and temperatures. The two enzymes are obtained from the pancreatic juice of
humans.

amylase protease amylase

solution, solution, solution,
pH 4, pH 4, pH 4,
20 °C 20 °C 40 °C

milk agar milk agar milk agar

cube cube cube
Tube 1 Tube 2 Tube 3

protease amylase protease

solution, solution, solution,
pH 8, pH 8, pH 8,
20 °C 40 °C 40 °C

milk agar milk agar milk agar

cube cube cube
Tube 4 Tube 5 Tube 6

3 Which two tubes should we compare if we want to study the effect of temperature on the
activity of the enzyme which catalyses the digestion of milk agar?
A Tubes 1 and 3
B Tubes 2 and 6
C Tubes 4 and 6

v
D Tubes 5 and 6
c
4 In which tube does the milk agar cube show the greatest decrease in size after a period of
time?
A Tube 1
B Tube 2
C Tube 4

v
D Tube 6
c
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 Cross-topic exercise Exercise I (Ch 1-6)

Level 2

Subcellular structures, cell membrane, nutrition in humans

Directions: Questions 5 and 6 refer to the diagram below, which shows an epithelial cell of a
villus in the small intestine and how two substances, X and Y, are absorbed into
the cell through the cell membrane.

X Y

epithelial cell of villus

0
5 Which of the following statements about the adaptive features of the epithelial cell for
absorption are correct?
(1) There are many microvilli on the cell.
⼀

8
(2) There are many mitochondria in the cell. Dactrepovess
⼀

(3) The cell membrane is differentially permeable.

⼀

A (1) and (2) only ⼀

B (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) only ⑤
D (1), (2) and (3)

X
c

6 Which of the following are most probably substances X and Y?

X Y
A water oxygen
B oxygen fatty acid
C vitamin D water
D amino acid sodium ion
c
v
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 Cross-topic exercise Exercise I (Ch 1-6)

Subcellular structures, magnification, biomolecules

Directions: Questions 7 and 8 refer to the electron micrograph below, which shows an
organelle found in a pancreatic cell.

membrane-
bounded
sacs
ribosomes
X

(´ 36 000)

7 A student measured the width (X) of the membrane-bounded sac in the electron micrograph
above as 4 mm. Which of the following shows the correct formula for calculating the actual
width of the membrane-bounded sac (expressed in µm)?

A B

v
C D

8 Which of the following substances could be produced at the organelle shown?

A DNA
B enzymes
C glucose
D glycogen
B
c

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 Cross-topic exercise Exercise I (Ch 1-6)

Level 3

Subcellular structures, nutrition in humans

Directions: Questions 9 and 10 refer to the pie charts below, which show total
membrane surface areas of different organelles relative to the total membrane
surface areas of all organelles in two types of human body cells (I and II).

Cell type I Cell type II Key:

rough ER

smooth ER

mitochondrion

cell membrane

nucleus

others

9 Which of the following can be deduced from the pie charts?

(1) Cell type I requires less energy than cell type II.
(2) Cell type I secretes more proteins than cell type II.
(3) Cell type I is smaller than cell type II in size.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
c

10 Which of the following are most probably cell types I and II?
。
Cell type I Cell type II
A Red blood cell White blood cell

v
B Stomach cell Red blood cell
C Liver cell Epithelial cells in oesophagus
D Pancreatic cell Liver cell

⑩
c

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 Cross-topic exercise Exercise I (Ch 1-6)

Short questions

Level 1

Biomolecules, food substances, nutrition in humans

1 Complete the table below to show the subunits of different food molecules, their functions in
organisms and enzymes for their digestion in human body. (6 marks)
Food Enzymes for its digestion
Subunits Function in organisms
molecule in human body
“
—

← ⼆
As the major storage form

v
a b ⼀ c
of carbohydrates in plants

Triglycerides d As an energy reserve e

、
To produce enzymes,

%
Proteins f antibodies, haemoglobin Pepsin and proteases
and some hormones 5

Movement of substances across cell membrane, enzymes, food tests, nutrition in humans

2 A student used the set-ups below to study digestion and absorption in humans. The tubes
were placed in a water bath at 35 °C. After 20 minutes, he tested the water outside the
dialysis tubing using Benedict’s test.

Tube P Tube Q Tube R

dialysis dialysis dialysis

tubing tubing tubing

nalte
distilled distilled distilled
water water water
solution solution solution
containing containing containing
starch saliva starch and
saliva

v v
Which of three tubes is/are likely to give a positive result in the Benedict’s test? Explain

㉞
briefly. (4 marks)

√
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 Cross-topic exercise Exercise I (Ch 1-6)

Level 2

Scientific investigation, enzyme activity, nutrition in humans

3 A student studied the effect of pH on the activity of an enzyme in a digestive juice using
gelatin blocks. Gelatin is a kind of protein extracted from animals. The student mixed the

follow.
⼀
时
digestive juice with buffer solutions of different pH values and set up the experiment as

0
pH 2.5 pH 4.5 pH 6.5 pH 8.5
drops of digestive
juice of different
pH values

gelatin block

after one hour

appearance of
gelatin blocks

栗 bufler

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a e
Identify the independent variable of the experiment. (1 mark)

b Identify two controlled variables of the experiment. (2 marks)

c From the results, deduce the part(s) of the digestive system where the digestive juice

品
works. (3 marks)

IFakalire → Smallitfine

@
Calkaliaeybicaroaate)

/
Hp 1
H= 8
8 .
,
筑 《
E
amomt of
,

largest block
gelaindigested
5

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 Cross-topic exercise Exercise I (Ch 1-6)

Microscopes, subcellular structures, properties of cell membrane

4 Fig 1 below is a photomicrograph of an Amoeba taking up a food particle. Fig 2 is an

electron micrograph of a white blood cell engulfing a foreign cell.

Fig 1 (´175)

(´13 300)
Fig 2

Omordetar
,

(
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a State two advantages of the electron microscope over the light microscope based on 2

v
Fig 1 and Fig 2. (2 marks)
A
b State two structural similarity between an Amoeba and a white blood cell. (2 marks)'
时 3
c Name the process that both Amoeba and white blood cell carry out to obtain particles
from the surroundings. State and explain one property of the cell membrane that allows
hareancleus

ve
the cells to carry out this process. (3 marks)

ev 1

?
纳
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 Cross-topic exercise Exercise I (Ch 1-6)

Level 3

Subcellular structures, prokaryotic cells, properties of cell membrane

6 The diagram below shows a cell of Candida albicans, which is a fungus that can cause lung
infections in humans.

b
and a bacterial cell. 典
Based on the above diagram, state two difference between a cell of Candida albicans

A membrane protein called TMP1 is present in the cell membrane of a Candida

(2 marks)

albicans cell. The protein is responsible for transporting sugar molecules into the cells.
⼀
i With reference to the structure of cell membrane, explain why a membrane
protein is needed for transporting sugar molecules into the cells. (2 marks)

ii Explain how the organelles P and Q are involved in the production of TMP1.
(2 marks)

Sugar is polar .

epenedbyphosphlipidbilga
.
O
Trey ae

v
~
2

316
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 Cross-topic exercise Exercise I (Ch 1-6)

Structured questions

Level 1
Movement of substances across cell membrane, enzyme activity, food test, nutrition in humans

8 A student used the set-up in Fig 1 to investigate the digestion of starch. The dialysis tubing
allows molecules smaller than starch to pass through. The concentration of starch and that
of reducing sugars inside and outside the dialysis tubing were measured at regular intervals.
Fig 2 shows the change in the concentration of reducing sugars in the set-up during the
experiment.

。
dialysis tubing containing
starch solution and amylase reducing sugars

concentration

8 starn
v
distilled water
at 37 °C
¢
time
⼀

⼀
T

。
Fig 1 Fig 2
Swrmrundigsolutr
| malfise fudshenanagh
µ

sfaonfo lage

⼀
⼀
v 、
a State and explain where starch and reducing sugars can be found in the set-up at
|
b
time T.
∞ (3 marks)

Sketch a curve on Fig 2 to show the change in the concentration of starch in the
experiment. (2 marks)
1

V …* 「
c Suggest one test for detecting each of the following substances in the experiment.

i
Describe the positive results of the tests. …
i starch (2 marks)
ii reducing sugars (2 marks)

d If distilled water at 15 °C was used in the experiment, would it take a shorter or longer
time to reach the concentration of reducing sugars at time T shown in Fig 2? Explain
briefly.
v (2 marks)
2
←
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 Cross-topic exercise Exercise I (Ch 1-6)

Microscopes, subcellular structures, prokaryotic cells, movement of substances across cell membrane

9 A student is observing a blood smear under a light microscope. The photomicrograph below
shows the image he is observing.
wate potatial ofd 51 71 比
pro fen
、 .

- -

water than rel

nigher
个⽵ blod cells. Thore nin

beanot artewovent
GllayoeV

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aebr ht
fundistillen
.

cells
adult the red blood
,

fralal →
-

X osmosisoctws
ecell
」

ie -
的 BG
Unncleas → ie
maybust
.

_ → lm ,

Nodlls
haemolysis ,

observed
Can be
im the bloodsmear ,

(´100)

。
a Explain why distilled water should not be added to the drop of blood when preparing a
blood smear for observation.
← ⼀ (2 marks) 0

b The student wants to observe cell X in detail at high-power magnification. Describe

0 質的 smx
what he should do. (4 marks) 0
c meteuyteanfee
个
The diagram below shows the amounts of some substances (in percentages of total cell
mass) in cell X. fiedofview s
others (7%)
unti
polysaccharides (2%)
phospholipids (4%) _ i
foeus 55
l .

protein
(17%)
water
(70%)

State how will the percentages of the following substances be different in the following
? 1

。
cells. Explain your answer. UllmloseduralD
(

* 时
i Polysaccharides in a plant cell
v (2 marks)

。 →
⼀

⼀
、

⼀
ii Phospholipids in a bacterial cell (2 marks)

、↓ fXmenbrae 。
bounelagandu
⑩
-

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 Cross-topic exercise Exercise I (Ch 1-6)

Essays

Movement of substances across cell membrane, nutrition in humans

14 Protein is one of the components of cell membrane. Describe the arrangement of protein
molecules in the cell membrane according to the fluid mosaic model. Discuss the functions
of these proteins in human nutrition. (11 marks)

Enzymes, nutrition in humans

15
⑩
c/⼀ /
Enzyme activity is easily affected by the pH of the environment. Describe and explain the
1 8

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aicpao
⼀

。
effect of pH on enzyme activity and discuss how a suitable pH is provided for the action of (

digestive enzymes in the human digestive system. mos (10

⼀ marks)

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