MOTIVATION

Rosa N Mathew
 
“Motive is derived from Latin
word “Mooveers”
‘To Move’
Def; “Process of arousing movements in
organism.”
“The factor directing and energizing the
human behavior and other organism”
 Dalton E. McFarland defines motivation
as: ”Motivation refers to the way in which urges,
desires, drives, striving, aspirations, or needs direct,
control or explain the behavior of human being".
 NATURE
 One motive may result in many different
behaviors: 
 Motives are the energizing forces within us:
 The same behavior may result from many
different motives
 Motives may operate in harmony or in
conflict
• Behavior can be used as an estimate of an
individual's motives.
• Motives come and go
• Motives interact with environment
Components

 Activation

 Persistence

 Intensity
 TYPES OF MOTIVE
◦Biological Motives
Natural,
biogenic,
Primary
Equilibrium is disturbed
 Hunger drive

Subject
swallows
balloon, which
measures
stomach Stomach contractions
contraction
Subject presses Hunger pangs
key each time 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

when hungry 9 10
Time in minutes
Motivation-Hunger
 Glucose

◦ the form of sugar that

circulates in the blood
◦ provides the major source of
energy for body tissues
◦ when its level is low, we feel
hunger
Motivation-Hunger
 Set Point
◦ the point at which an individual’s
“weight thermostat” is supposedly set
◦ when the body falls below this weight,
an increase in hunger and a lowered
metabolic rate may act to restore the
lost weight
 Metabolic Rate
◦ body’s base rate of energy expenditure
Motivation-Hunger

 The

hypothalamus
controls eating
and other body
maintenance
functions
“ Hunger centre”-
 “Satiety centre”- Lateral

hypothalamus- ( strive to death)

 Ventromedial Hypothalamus( over

eating)
 THIRST DRIVE
 Thirst a regulatory device that controls the intake
of water into the water
 regulated by two bodily fluid balances:
 A. Intracellular
 B. extracellular

 In the first case, high intracellular(within-cell)

sodium levels dehydrate cells, causing stimulation of
receptor cells in the hypothalamus.
 This 'drink' centre activates the thirst drive and we
engage in drinking behaviour.

 A second thirst regulator, sensitive to the functioning

of the kidneys, appears to monitor
extracellular(between cell) fluid levels. This regulator
interacts with the first one to produce the internal
signal of thirst. 
 SLEEP
 Necessity
 Natural reaction to fatigue
 Hypothalamus induces sleep
 Accumulation of lactic acid.
 SEXUAL DRIVE
 Nervous system
 Interaction of neuronal and harmonal
activity
 Gonadotropic is produced in pituitary gland
 Contolled by hypothalamus
 This stimulates sex behavior
Limbic system and Amygdala-
discriminating environment and social factors in
sex bahavior

Habbit and experience play an important role

 SOCIAL MOTIVE
 Sociogenic motive
 Result of social effect
 Complex motives
 Secondary drive
 E.g.; achievement, power
 Affiliation Motives : 
 The need to associate with others and maintain social

bonds. Includes one’s need for companionship,

friendship, & love Strong evolutionary basis Quality
of people’s relationships is a major determinant of
their happiness
 Achievement Motivation
◦ a desire for significant accomplishment
 for mastery of things, people, or ideas
 for attaining a high standard

◦ McClelland and Atkinson believed fantasies

would reflect achievement concerns
 Achievement motivation or the need for
achievement is the psychological drive to excel, a
social form of motivation to perform at a high
level of competence.
 It is sometimes abbreviated to N Ach or nach.

Usually this is understood to mean competing in

socially valued activities where achievement can
be recognized and given appropriate recognition
either by the group of internally by the performer.
 Introducedby Henry Murray in 1938 in
his book "Explorations of Personality"

A sense of overcoming obstacles or

being regularly willing to take on
difficult tasks.
 POWER MOTIVE
 Tendency to seek impact, control or influence over
others

 Powerful individual

 Belong to organisation

 Men high in power needs tend to be aggressive

 Women express it in a restrained way

SELF ACTUALIZATION
Theories of Motivation
Incentive theory

 Reward
 Reinforce
 Behaviorist
 Belief
Drive theory
OPTIMAL PROCESS THEORY
 K Y OU
TH A N