1 Reflection and Refraction….

LAWS N CONCEPT

2 Refractive index IN DETAILED

3 Lens and mirror – (Ray diagram + use )

4 Sign convention + formulae
Q Differentiate between Reflection and Refraction of light.
[CBSE 2012]
REFLECTION OF LIGHT

The phenomenon of bouncing back of ray of light after falling on a polished surface
is known as reflection of light.
TYPES OF REFLECTION
WHAT IS REFRACTION?

The bending of a ray of light when it enters from one medium to other is known as
refraction of light.
BENDING TENDENCY
LAWS OF REFRACTION
LAWS OF REFRACTION
Q Refractive index of Diamond is 2.42, what is the meaning of this
statement?
[CBSE 2011]
Refractive index and optical density of medium
Various formula of refractive index
Q State the laws of refraction of light. Explain the term `absolute
refractive index of a medium' and write an expression to relate it with
the speed of light in vacuum.
[CBSE 2018]
REFRACTION THROUGH GLASS SLAB

Refracted Ray

Incident Ray

Emergent Ray

Glass Slab

Torch
Q How can you identify the three types of mirrors without touching them?
[CBSE 2012]
LENSES AND MIRRORS

Plane Concave Convex Concave Convex

Mirror Mirror Mirror Lens Lens
TYPES OF SPERICAL MIRRORS

Convex Concave

Diverging mirror Converging mirror

IMPORTANT RAYS

F P
RAY DIAGRAM – Concave Mirror
Q Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a concave mirror
when an object is placed
(a) between pole and focus of the mirror
(b) between focus and centre of curvature of the mirror
(c) at centre of curvature of the mirror
(d) a little beyond centre of curvature of the mirror
(e) at infinity
[CBSE EXEMPLAR]
 OBJECT AT INFINITY
Case (i)

F P

Position of Image : At focus

Nature of Image :
 OBJECT BEHIND ‘C’
Case (ii)

C F P

Position of Image : Between C and F

Nature of Image :
OBJECT AT ‘C’

Case (iii)

C F P

Position of Image : At C

Nature of Image :
OBJECT BETWEEN ‘C’ AND ‘F’

Case (iv)

C B F P

Position of Image : Beyond C

Nature of Image :
 OBJECT AT ‘F’
Case (v)

C F P

Position of Image : At infinity

Nature of Image :
OBJECT BETWEEN ‘F’ AND ‘P’
Case (vi)

C F P

Position of Image : Behind the mirror

Nature of Image : Virtual

Erect
Enlarged
RAY DIAGRAM – Convex Mirror
IMPORTANT RAYS

P F
OBJECT AT INFINITY OF A CONVEX MIRROR
Case (i)

P F

Position of Image : At ‘F’ Behind the mirror

Nature of Image :
OBJECT BETWEEN P & F BEHIND THE MIRROR
Case (ii)

P F

Position of Image : Between P & F

Nature of Image :
Image Formed by Plane Mirror
Uses of a concave mirror
Uses of a convex mirror
Q A child is standing in front of a magic mirror. She finds the image of her
head bigger, the middle portion of her body of the same size and that of
the legs smaller. The following is the order of combinations for the
magic mirror from the top.

(a) Plane, convex and concave

(b) Convex, concave and plane
(c) Concave, plane and convex
(d) Convex, plane and concave
[NCERT EXEMPLAR]
 LENS
A lens is a transparent medium bound by two spherical surfaces.

Converging Diverging

Real focus Virtual focus

 TYPES OF LENS

CONVERGING LENSES DIVERGING LENSES

Bicon-vex Plano convex Concavo – Convex Biconcave Plano concave Convexo – Concave
RAY DIAGRAM – Convex Lens
IMPORTANT RAYS

F1 O F2
Q Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a convex lens
when an object is placed
(a) between optical centre and focus of the lens
(b) between focus and twice the focal length of the lens
(c) at twice the focal length of the lens
(d) at infinity
(e) at the focus of the lens
[NCERT EXEMPLAR]
 OBJECT AT INFINITY

1st CASE

2F1 F1 O F2 2F2

Position of Image : At focus

Nature of Image :
 OBJECT BEHIND 2F1

CASE 2

2F1 F1 O F2 2F2

Position of Image : Between F2 and 2F2

Nature of Image :
 OBJECT AT 2F1

CASE 3

2F1 F1 O F2 2F2

Position of Image : At 2F2

Nature of Image :
OBJECT BETWEEN 2F1 & F1

CASE 4

2F1 F1 O F2 2F2

Position of Image : Beyond 2F2

Nature of Image :
 OBJECT AT F1

CASE 5

2F1 F1 O F2 2F2

Position of Image : At infinity

Nature of Image :
OBJECT BETWEEN F1 & O

CASE 6

2F1 F1 O F2 2F2

Position of Image : On same side as Object

Nature of Image :
IMPORTANT RAYS

2F1 F1 O F2 2F2
RAY DIAGRAM – Concave Lens
Q Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a concave
lens when an object is placed
(a) at the focus of the lens
(b) between focus and twice the focal length of the lens
(c) beyond twice the focal length of the lens
[NCERT EXEMPLAR]
OBJECT AT INFINITY

1st CASE

2F1 F1 O F2 2F2

Position of Image : At focus

Nature of Image :
Any Position other than infinity

2nd CASE

2F1 F1 O F2 2F2

Position of Image : Between F1 & O

Nature of Image :
POWER OF LENS
MAGNIFICATION
ALL FORMULAE
ALL FORMULAE
SIGN CONVENTION