2: Anthrozoology

I. ANTHROZOOLOGY
A. Definition
 relationship between human and non-human animals
 co-evolution, and how we might want to ensure that this co-evolution works out
 for the better of all of the lives involved, on our planet
 Reciprocal action, effect, or influence
 Taps into many disciplines: anthropology, psychology, geography, history, veterinary
medicine.
 began with a recognition that humans have interacted with other animal species
intentionally (eg. domestication of animals)

B. Perspectives
1. Scientific (Sci Method)
 Which animal did man first interact?
(Canines; site at Ein Mallaha)
 Where did man first interact with
animals? (caves and forests)
 When did man first interact with
animals? (40,000 YA; prehistoric
cave paintings)
 Who initiated the first man-animal
interaction? (by capturing
animals/by following man)
 Why was there man-animal
interaction? (for survival, more
efficient hunting)
 What were the first animals
domesticated by man? (hunting,
settling, expansion/warfare)
2. Christian (Creationist Method)
 Which animal did man first interact?
(Serpent; Genesis 3)
 Where did man first interact with
animals? (Garden of Eden)
 When did man first interact with
animals? (10,000 to 12,000 ya)
 Who initiated the first man-animal
interaction? (Serpent talked with
Eve)
 Why was there man-animal
interaction? (for Eve to eat the
forbidden fruit)
 What were the first animals
domesticated by man? (sheep of
Cain and Abel)

C. Trivias
1. Angono - Binangonon Petroglyphs 2. Map Panel Drawing by Jesuit, Murillo
 the oldest known work of art Velarde
in the Philippines  White monkey + pygymy
 Highly significant cultural carabao + bats
landmark
 Included in the list of the
Natural Cultural Treasure of
the country
 Human and animal-like
features are engraved on the
rockwall
 Made up of volcanic tuff

VMED 101. Animal Welfare 2nd Semester 2324 | ipluna

II. DOMESTICATION
 select, isolate, & breed a subpopulation of wild spp.
 adapt to man & the env’t he provides
 for a dependable supply for human use
A. Behavioral Characteristics for the Domestication of Vertebrate Animals
Social Structure of Populations
Intra- and Interspecies
Aggressive Behavior
Sexual Behavior
Parental Behavior
Response to Humans
Temperament
Locomotor activity & habitat
choice
Feeding Behavior
Favorable
 Dominance hierarchy
 Large gregarious social
groups
 Males affiliated with social
group
 Non aggressive
 Promiscuous mating
 Male dominate female
 Male initiated
 Sexual signals provided by
movements or posture
 Precocial young
 Young easily separated from
parents
 Tameable/ readily
habituated
 Short flight distance from
man
 Nonaggressive toward
humans
 Readily controlled
 May solicit attention
 Limited sensitivity to
changes in environment
 Limited agility
 Small home range
 Wide environmental
tolerance
 Non-shelter seeking
 Generalist feeder or
omnivorous
VMED 101. Animal Welfare 2nd Semester 2324 | ipluna
Unfavorable
 Territoriality
 Family groups important
 Males typically live in separate
groups
 Naturally aggressive
 Form pair bonds prior to
mating
 Females dominate males
 Female initiated
 Sexual signals provided by
color markings or morphology
 Altricial young
 Prolonged period of parental
care
 Difficult to tame
 Long flight distance from man
 Aggressive toward humans
 Difficult to control
 Independent/ avoids attention
 Highly sensitive to changes in
environment
 Highly agile/ difficult to contain
or restraint
 Requires large home range
 Narrow environmental
tolerance
 Shelter seeking
 Specialized dietary
preferences/ requirements
 B. Dog Breeds
 Dog breeds are not different species
 All are Canis familiaris
 Differences came from human selection of desired characteristics and purposes
 Some breed developed in non-western countries

1. Japanese

a. Japanese chin b. Hokkaido Inu

2. Indian

a. Chippiparal (energetic, affectionate, dignified) b. Mahratta Greyhound (courageous, agile, loyal)

c. Jonangi (spunky, vigilant, loyal) 3. Philippines

a. Manila Dog from 19th C

VMED 101. Animal Welfare 2nd Semester 2324 | ipluna

 C. How we’ve used animals?

1. Work Animals
 Draft/draught
 riding animals or mounts
 pack animals (carrying loads)
 harness (pulling sleds, wheeled
vehicles, plows),
 guard
 search/retrieve (including for
truffles, bomb detection)
 herding
 cormorants used in China and
Vietnam to catch fish.
Evidence: archaeological findings in Sta. Ana,
Manila (dog skeletons that carried heavy weights)
2. For testing of substances
3. Assist in hunting
4. Sources of food (animal itself, farmed,
wild, by-products)
5. Clothing (wool, leather)
6. Medicine (apdo ng sawa, titi ng buwaya,
bear bile as covid trt)

Dutch government decided in 2013 to phase out mink farming, but gave farm owners until 2024 to do this.
Other countries that continue to allow mink farming and the dirty fur trade are Denmark and China.
China also farms racoons and rabbits for fur.

7. Expanding functions
 Seeing-eye dogs  Detection dogs (volatile
 Emotional support animals compounds, bombs, illegal
 Companion animals (oxytocin) substances)
 Therapy dogs in hospitals  Embracing cows (koe knuffelen)

III. COSMOLOGY AND HUMAN PERCEPTIONS OF ANIMALS

 cross-cultural differences in our perceptions of animals
 relating to a wider perception of the world
 Traditional: environment and animals are under our dominion; for human benefit
 Today: more liberal; more of stewardship; need to care for creations

A. Filipino Worldview C. Cultural Histories

 Supernatural > preternatural >
humans > animals
 Fear of hayop - association
w/preternatural, eg. Aswang
 How me use animals to refer to
humans: hayop, balyena, kulasisi,
baboy, ahas, buwaya (metaphors)
B. Cultural Ecology
 looks at culture as an adaptation
to the environment (eg. Bahay
kubo)
 analysis of how culture (concepts
and practices) change across time
D. Human Relationship with Dogs
 Marvin Harris: position of the dog
in different societies can affect
their being considered edible or
not
 Dogs are more valuable as
companions and assistants
 In agricultural societies, the dog is
not so useful.
 Elderly taking in pets as surrogate
children.

VMED 101. Animal Welfare 2nd Semester 2324 | ipluna

IV. COEVOLUTION
 Cats had very few genetic changes.
 Dogs more active co-evolution with humans.
 Artificial selection (humans breeding dogs) intensified the genetic changes.
 When we allowed pets into our bedrooms, and beds, even more revolutionary changes
happened

A. Constellation of changes in our relationships to our pets:

 Fancy names
 talking to them (in English even!)
 dressing them up,
 rise of pet cemeteries
 “Memorializing” dogs: giving them honors and burials

B. Note that:
 Even human malnutrition and unhealthy lifestyles (lack of exercise, eating junk foods,
smoking) can be adversely transferred to pets.
 Not everything “good” for humans are good for dogs (and cats and other animals) (eg.
Chocolates)

V. ETHICS AND ANIMALS AS ENTERTAINMENT

 Bull-fighting
 Cock-fighting
 Animals harmed during playtime
 Zoos, marine and aquatic parks w/performing animals
 Ecotourism programs
 PETA (People for Ethical Treatment of Animals) advocating animal rights and raid science labs.

VI. WHEN THE ZOO TOOK PART IN THE ELECTIONS

 Lions, crocodiles, snakes, bird, seals, monkeys, ostrich, fish, elephants

VMED 101. Animal Welfare 2nd Semester 2324 | ipluna