rate

IUPAC

① Eency
a

&prefix
of carbal of catoms
No.
Rix ->
AlkQues
-

- -x
I meth 1c =C =

2 etk Alkanes Alkencs Alkynes.

- - -

enttan-2
#11.
3 prop Chan +2 CH2n
4 bute Alkenes Alk Dnes
n 1,2
5
pent n 2,3...-
=
--- =
H 1, 3...
=

CHY single 6 nex ethere C2Hz ethyre

C2Y
CHY double 7
nept City-methane C2Hy propyre
8 2 Ho-etare C3H6 propere
22 triple Oct

9 na
Csts cutobutyne
propane Cyty but one
-

-
D Lewis bot Dash structure 10 dec CyHIO-butare

structurally - -
condensed struktural formula

Eane C2H6
-
- Band line
presentiation H H
I I ①??
④ molecular
H H
1 -
3 -
c -

4 :C:C:n
① formula
--
I -

i
I
i i Mt: Cls

n n: C in
n
I -

⑦ CH342-ethave
n
R
↳
②
CHy
n -

c=
c -
n
③.
n I U
-

③ ①
4..:: c..4 I -
c

ete
-
C
② nC CH = U

0 =
- n
& e
me
-

n:C ! C :n

CEC

① att ⑦
ane I I
n

①u
_ic--"
-
n

13 4 4
=
-

<3
n
-

a n

=: : in C134) 143
=

n nu ⑤
18
⑦ H,C2 1- --
- N
①x

welanes,e
(1C( x
=

in

% C
X

4, propare -," CnHan-4

plane solid
x4
to
warder , --
an * walcynes

m Betyne

anause
#

-oper
⑪ ↓
agenes e
-

154012
 No. of carbon
corp Name of
alkane alkylgrp.
gic
-

I methore
Y X
methyl Cty-
open chain closed chain
2
Aliphatic comp. Ring comp. ethone
ethyl C3C-
Acyclic comp cyclic comp.
Niko
berie > Nitroalkanes. [R-NO2} (R I4).
nitromethire
Homocyclic/ NO2
+ ,
0-eg: 0Cb-NO2
Heterocyclic c N
-

carbocyclic -
I
-is ② CC-NOz nitro ethane.

I
I
I j I
I
Alicycic Acomatic Alicyclic Aronectic Alcohols
1 EROn3 (RFU).
(Homos chomo) (Hetero) /Hetero)
n
-

-n eg:0 UbOU methyl alcohol.

-

CCOU -ethyl alcohol.

- Y . -
4

L -"N
11- ⑧ Phenols [Ar-on3 Colson phenol
CGH12
26116
W
"For n Furan
,OH carbolic acid
cyclohexane Benzene
Hydro
most aromatic comp. Furan

- N -
N N
8 Amines. ER-NB3 [PAUS
7

I eg:ethylamine
NR
- -

-
naphthalene.
a
C45-NG
piperidine pyridine CHRI
cyclopen fere
On
phenol ⑩ Ethers [R-o-R'3 [REU, D'En)
1 (R Ra RER').
-4
=

-
0 - -

win Aniline
eg: Ct-0-c dimethyl
ether

- S Ct-0t-4 ethyl metry

I -
-
-

↳
-
ener

I
CH-4-0-43-C
- thio ethere
sulphur diethyl ether

ups [R=
#Final 4 4/any basic Hc}
⑪ Aldehydes. [R-403 (R H) =

① Hanes [R-H 3 (R FU) 0

formaldehyde
I eg:ctly-methane -H eg:H-40
13-40 acetaldehyde.
- -

---
I
Cats/cb-4b-ethane
C348/13C43-propane O

⑯ Ketone R -
-
R(R =n,R(h)
⑥ Ines [R-CH CH-R3 =

acetone
0
Il
I R RW
=

RER -
- !- - eg: toc=
c ethere - - - -
eg: 45-4-4 kefore
iy
I
c,
BC-xc=
Cty--2-45etnyl metrol
propere E

ketore

③ As ER -c C = -
R3
R-coon (R=n)
⑬ Carboxylic Alic

H-coon Gormic acid

- -on
eg: c
HC= ethyre eg
4 CEC -n
acetic acid
-

H=<-43 propyle acool

-

④ halides: -

R-H-ER-X3 (REU) ⑭ Esters R- -OR' (RAU, REn)

g?Ehaon
EX F,4, Br,I 3
=

-- anen
in in
- - -

n -c c X eg: ctyc methylchloride

acetate
- -

in i cyctaby ethil Bromide

C3-ch-1 2-Flow propore.

Ester
Iyanides/Anitriles
-on
⑤ (REH)
Aides
[R-NN 3 R-
- Acid anhydrides
↳
=
N
Methyl cyanide
- -

eg:Ct-CN
I
chlorides.
(Acetonitrile(
Acid
CG-C-CN Cetyl cyanide)
<propio nitrile)
 *
iso alkave

#mogous
series
Names
-

T
I I

xy
comman / IUPAC
abcd alar
trivial
name
Cuts 43 aboch

(C
name
each
every comp.
few comps. O
-> NPR
1948 Ct ttY C-- b ->
-
-
acetore-

prop-2-one CIUPAC)
-popano
or
-=
Fetore
a-types
# ketone 3)

C-4b-4b-ctb-Hz

*]
CB-CG-C-c n-butane
Cho -
e

CAB

az-e e ↳H10 as
are Ab -> iso
alkane

IUPAC Name
-
-> Alkanes
① Identify the longest chain in
↓
methane the compound.
CHy methane

-
② Number the 'Catoms in any I direct

ethane citer L-R (R -> 1. i so alkyl

C-4
ethane ->
selectthe no. substituents
in which the are numbered least.

Uz- cb-43 propane

propare Ab
③ substituent
Name the along with its position.
Name alphabetically b for use-di, bi, tetra, D sea
alky
-Y
same sub etc.

C3-C-4 es n-butane -

for multiple sub.

butane
test

Sas I iso ④
--
-

butane Name the longst din

2-methyl propane.

- text alkyl

Ct-C -( -(b -2z

⑬,
n-pentane
pentane
M Ab
:
iso pentane
~I 4
↳A
- be 2-methyl butane
⑧

I S

Quus
neopentane

e
e
2,2-dimethyl propane.

un
4
/
n I
UB-C-Cb-C-4-C3 n-hexane I text butove
↑I
-
-
a

⑬-
nexane.
C

un iso nexave
butyl ⑭eng
C
- 34 52 2-methyl pentane
D I

jaan-as
I w Cty-c-4-
e

is
23
-
4 52
3-methyl penfare

↳
43 2,3-dimethyl
-

butone

↳
HB-c-Hb-CB new nexure

a 2,2-methyl before
 AB
10
A ① el:Identify longest chain.

I
0
0

U
I I

AZ-p-4b-ch-b; I
T
-
- HR-C-e-4-42-C-43
-

M
AB pan-abx
1
② I
2:If 2 chains are of some length, choose the one with

more no. of substituents.

-
-
-

-
- -
-
is the e

③ Rule 3:Number the

longestchain, should
substituent

always gets the lower number.

-ein-s-us
④ Rule 4:Always use 'lowests um Locant's
of enk'

v 6 5 4 3 2 I 2,3,5-trimethyl
U-CH-CH-43 =10

is
-

is
I

as 43

cy-c-C-t-c-U-43 e
ic
iso
-
e
2,4,5 trimethyl
--
- 2 - C

⑭ I
=

us -as-G-C-C-GH-C-43
⑤ Rutt:Name substituents
the as
allyl and parent chain

alkans.
as

I a) If multiple Club
same alkyl grp exist =

⑭ Mathe
cuse di, hi, tetra, penta, etc)
⑭ methy
b) If multiple diff alky gap exist
name
=

alphabetically

--as--an--ab 2) In Alphabetical order:- don'tconsider the

goi, hi, tetra, penta, etc).

words

and
mater ↳-as-a-s a,u-dimens pene

·i
amno
4-E- 2,2,6-trimethyl octane sanzmannet

methy methyl

Dean
inQat Diese

Ab
4-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl hex are correct.

a,2,6-Timetage 4- [7-methyl propyl] octane

2,2-dimethyl-4-ethyl hexane incorrect

&
-

metho

·14 u 58 7 8
X

fer n-anare
Ct-Ce-GH-Gb-4-CH-41-4
i
an
8540 32

an -
8 +
I
W

& erg

re
3-ethyl-6-methyl octane correct.

6-ethyl- 3-methyl actore incorrect

5-
[2,2-dimethyl propyl] nonave
arange Pakis
6 5

the
2-eylbutye

5-[2-ethyl butyl]-3,3-dimental nomare

⑭
up--a-bis(l-methyl ethyl)-n-mee

ta
I-methyl ethyl

①
a-G-ab-c-eat--
ub-c

⑲Pres
-.C
I
e
⑪
netk
2
·e-ub
ab 4 Cb-4-4-C-C-CH-GL-4b
-

"
I

A ③
⑧ ab
-

c- ab-ub

A Hb C4-c-4-4h-4-43
in-cu-ch-ab 8 -

E 5,3,9-tm 5 -

P are
an
CABCHO
-
etnand

emaro
Con

[ n
P

*
⑪ I

Alkylene
"
Alkene
/I

A P L
s

I <

-> :ene in in
u c c
43
=

Ab 4b
-

othere
-
=

-
fly
one

-iR-= But---one
--an
ispenetr
--But-zene W
4-methyl pent-2-ene

u itz, semanyproperance -
e
I
c
c -c
- - -

c -c- ↳

Alkylene) lkyne

iA
-
-
-

C 4 C-c=
R -

-
propyre prop.lyve
gre (H
M
c
=
-

c c c
=

- Ecc Ec c
- -
-
-

d But-I-yhe
But-2 tre
&c ① B
F
FA

U B I

n5 c 22
BC
-
- -

12 I

in
always only
act as substituentgroups can never be seen
parentchain. a mo
I

2 2
we
metaland
Bromo Schlone 1800 2 men

a B2 Butte
alaye halide Halo alkane
C
21 X

?s
chow 2
Horo

1 ?
-

bromo
-

jodo.

chlow But
2 -
Bromo 3
⑭Sema
3-11 2 "Il as
y
u 1 42
-
-

vicinal
second last dibalide
Ab -
e
I
Ab
Hz-CH-Gb-Ab
-

c
-c -
ct -Ctb

e B
4-CH-CH2 Butane

#
C-H-cy-c-C-CH2-G-4
-

2-Bromo
C-CH-C propyl 2-methyl
43-4-c
chlow ethane
I u-e-c -nccit Uz-Bu
I- flow propane sec propyl/

isopropy'fourid.*PPM
I come 2 methyl But are
ethyl chloride
 R-on as for
methyl alcohol
-

alcohol
at
andre

up. ah-43
⑰ tesente

it us
at
on u

n - -- -n Fland 20

R
,
in on
Ar as
X

mh
I ....
-->
>L

C-c- C e

↳
I 2

propan
-
1-o propan-1-ol -

2-propanol 1- propanol isopentyl

Ether allys alky etwer alkoxy allove
-
-

R 0 R C-c-c
are
- -

Ol
-

⑬Methane Methyl-propyl ether

1-
methoxyl propare
2 -

methoxy propane

methyl
Ethyl ether

aci
-is-on
- -

Alkanoacid form, acid

u
methanoic Acid

is acetic acid
0
43 0 -

ethanoic acid

propanoic acid
⑧
-

C-C --on
-

propanoic acid

5 carben valent aid

-on
H
acid
-propanoic
 n
-
- on 0 A terminal

n
-

Il - -

fromminnam
kene
-
(Aix) aldehyde Alkanal B
0

I
n -
c -
4

formaldehyde
methanal
!
an
queen
11
HB -c
-
n

acctore/NPR
Etharal
0

* H
Ab-4b
-

proporal

up
a
methyl proposal
Alkanome
-
-

R - -
R

O
11

Ab -
-

propon are -

i
4- 1 4-c
-

is
1-12 193
-
3 butonome

O Pentan -
3-one

11
- - Dee
C ----
I 2

2 - - -
-

I
Penton-zone

2 re

Alkyl
chloride
- ⑳
-

n -

4-
 Acidomide
-
-

acid anhydride
=-
20

9
⑥

H c 0
=
-
-

---

-4 0 4P -c
xz -4
- -

ethanoic propanoic anhydride

r
propyl acetate
-> a propyl thanat
Cy
⑮- 0-
u
alkyl alkanoate
 S 0

Il O

yethanoate
#
Nomenclature

① Select mostsenior
the F.G. -
principle F.G. (PFG)
② longestchain including PFG.
-PFG* no awarded.
③ Numbering:
9

④ ane'->P.F.G. nomendature replace.

order:
ity O
O ⑧
11 11
-

coon>-siy> -
> -
OR - -- - -
c -

N >

I -n <- N - Nc Y-
y x on 7-NR>
- - -

cyanide isocyanide
(junior) (Seniors

xc x =

- c=c-

Always substituents.
#

① Halogens IF, U, Br, I)

② -
R

③ Phenysgrp."-colsor-ph (Ihenyl)
Benzene

④ -

NO2 (Nito group)

⑤- OR (ethers).
 Red-stell *
Rale
Pent-1-one-4
you
green-IOPAC 13
- -

4 5

c= C
=

blue-commen c c -c -

or
-
=

i -
= c
pent- 3-ene-1yhe

washed
as parent
④I chaine
chain

2-hydroxy propanoic acid ↓ A

attached allove
&
Lactic acid. directly

u
5
I -
>2 same
stainingFig
⑧

a
-oxopentanoic acid
·xc2-on
↓
no
↳ -ketopentanoic acid. o U

Propane-1,2,3,-tri carboxylic acid

Mi
H 04

0 att-uk-a
5-0x0
pentanoic acid propane-1,2,3-In carbonitrile
5- form ye pentanoic acid

once-a-co
XYY 0
propane-1, 2, 3-tri carbaldehyde

0
-D-M-co
11

sketo/s-oxo hexanoic
-
MHz
acid Nk
12N
- c0 =

propane-1, 2, 5-picasboxamide

04

WY an
I 4 3 2 1

ACH-C-CN e
bat
d
⑭
9

memes
no
A
3 -

Cyno methyl)- pentane-15-dinitrite

0
-
↳-
u-Hb-roon,
exanoic acid.
M2-room
hexanoic acid
5-formyl 3 -

Karboxymethyl) pentan-1,5-dioic acid

 htte
the #A
compounds

-
cy doprop are cyclobutane
3- Karbamoyl methyl)-Penfane 1, 5-diamide
methyl O
common name
I
·

Finge
GAP--
# 32

I-ethyl-2-methyl cyclopentane
2 0-oxalic acid nooc-coon 1- methyl cyclopropane
ethane dioic acid

acid
3
3
M
-

malonic 400c-UR-coon I

propone dioic acid 2

2

4 S-succinic acid
noos-(un),-coon
3 I

butane dioic acid

7X
5
glutaric acid
n00s-4th)s-wool 1 3 3
=
+
+

G-
dioic acid 1. 1 1 3 5v
pentane Ethyl-4-propyl cyclohexane
+ =
+

-I

6A- adipic acid n00c-k4y)y-coon 3- Ethyl-1,I-dimethyl

=P
↳exane dioxic acid cycle nexare

in

I
pemilic acid y00c-(CR)5-cool 2
3

acid.
heptane dioic Y

(polymers).
Ediol G-ethyl-1,2-dimethyl cyclohexane

Mon
did
Ethane
12 2 -

E, 1,4-DiM C.H.

no etylene glycol
1- propyl cyclopropane
propane-wire
no
- on
glycerol
5
3 N
2

4 IX 3-cyclobutyl hexane
2
H
0
I COOK acid 44
I I

o
/ But-c-ene-1,4 dioic 26 X
I i
6
(is) 2
on
T3 3
maleic acid 6
I
2

- cool
3
methyl cyclonex eve 4
5
63
54
4 - w04 I
ethyl cyclohexene

I cyclopentan one

But-c-ene-1,4 dioic acid

OH

(trans) I cyclobutanol
noo
-

no

X
fumaric acid no

on
 rg

sparent CHICN
⑭ chain
O
o
methyl canide o
e ethane nitrile

0
2
③

substituent
->
Yo
cyclopentanone
Xcyclopentone cyanide
cyclopentane carbonitrile
3 o 3-oxo cyclo hex are
carbaldehyde
cyclopentance carbaldehyde O

Ilu
O
3

Il
2
NH2

Oo4 ''oove d
3-methyl cyclohexane carboxamide
3-0x0 cyclopentance carboxylic acid Methyl (4-oxocyclohexane)
carboxylate

sti-
O
propan-1-ol
Il
2 3

3
I
4
I
amon
2 on I

butanoic acid
" 3

4
cyclopentere

3-cyclohexyl prop---ene 4-cyclohexyl 2- (cyclopent- 3-enly) propon-1-ol

mC
Ab

ricanas
HOOC- - as-h-ub-on
on -

↑
-C'-hydroxy-2'metyl propyl)-cyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid.

.
4- [4'-hydroxy cyclohex-2tne]- 3-methye butanoic acid.

on
O
Il

YYYYIS
no

on
-
1-
Ethyl 4-cyclopentyl Benzene

cyclopentyl Benzene

i -
x FY1 -4
It :NO2
Dicyclobutyl methane
1-(3'- Ethyl cyclohexyl)-3-niho benzere