1. Which of the following is not associated with the emergence of humanitarianism?

A. The stoic natural law

B. Enlightenment
C. Christianity
D. None
ANSWER: D
2. Of the following, on is necessarily true about International Humanitarian Law and
International Human Rights Law
A. There is complementarity between them
B. They are convergent
C. They overlap each other
D. The former existed before the latter
ANSWER: D
3. Which of the following is the basic principles of International Humanitarian Law?
A. The distinction between civilians and combatants
B. The principle of proportionality
C. The prohibition to inflict unnecessary suffering
D. All
ANSWER: D
4. Of the following, one is necessarily true about acts of humanitarian intervention
A. The use of force by one state in another state to protect anyone
B. The direct provision of humanitarian services in the territory of other nations without
the consent of the recipient nation
C. Acts intended to protect nationals of the intervening states
D. None
ANSWER: A
5. Of the following, one is true about the concept of human security
A. It has roots in the central principle of international humanitarian law
B. It suggested an escape from mere poverty
C. It enjoys an authoritative and consensual definition
D. It suggested an escape from mere war
ANSWER: A
6. The movement of Humanitarianism is apparently different from human rights in that:
A. It is grounded upon the moral significance of the individual human beings
B. It is geared towards the campaign against abuses on the ground of human rights
C. It is geared towards the campaign against abuses in the name of humanity
D. Both are inseparably linked
ANSWER: D
7. Among the following act which one is excluded in war crimes?
A. Torture
B. Lawful deportation or transfer
C. Killing perfidiously individuals belonging to a hostile nation or army
D. Pillage of public or private property.
ANSWER: B
8. Complex arrangement of elements related to a whole refers:
A. Cultural Institutional Theory
B. System theory
C. Delegation Theory
D. Social Interpretive Theory
ANSWER: B
9. Which one is not true about Devolution and decentralization?
A. Devolution is the most expansive form of decentralization
B. Both likes deconcentration and delegation
C. Devolution occur in the absence of political decentralization,
D. Devolution and political decentralization are tightly linked as concepts
ANSWER: C

10. The processes where the power of politics and certain functions are transferred from a
higher level of government to a lower one is:
A. Political decentralization
B. Administrative decentralization
C. Economic decentralization
D. Political regionalization
ANSWER: A
11. The concept of good governance has historically shared a strong association with:
A. Western models of government and administration,
B. Western liberal democratic politics
C. None western models of government
D. None Western liberal democratic politics
ANSWER: B
12. A movement in political theory that claims political decisions should be the product
of reasonable discussion and debate among citizens refers to:
A. Economic Governance
B. Economic movement
C. Deliberative democracy
D. Political movement
ANSWER: C
13. Which one is a top down steering mechanism designed to improve elite control over
the outputs of highly complex systems
A. Culture Governance
B. Multilevel Governance
C. Economic Governance
D. Democratic Governance
ANSWER: A

14. Ethiopian Modern state formation process was the product of the following except?
A. The derive to centralize historic Ethiopia
B. The derive to expand to the rich lands in the centre North
C. The scramble of Africa by European states
D. None of the above
ANSWER: D
15. Which one of the following is true about the Aksumite Paradigm in relation to what
should be the appropriate framework of analysing the modern Ethiopian state?
A. It accepts the image of modern Ethiopia as a non colonial empire state
B. It views Ethiopia as a nation state in that the Ethiopian ruling classes cannot be
identified with a particular ethnic group.
C. Its image is one of Ethiopia as a colonial state.
D. The process of modern Ethiopian state formation was preceded by long process of
socio cultural developments
ANSWER: B
16. Modern Ethiopia as a political entity with a well defined territorial boundary was
imagined during the period:
A. Tewodros II
B. Yohannes IV
C. Minilik II
D. Emperor Hailesillase
ANSWER: B
17. What are the factors influencing the evolution of Ethiopias political settlement as
historical and contemporary?
A. Centralization, control and coercion
B. Exclusionary rule with ethnic undertones
C. A volatile and insecure region
D. All of the above
ANSWER: D
18. Which one does not characterize the Zemene Mesafint era
A. It was disintegration of the state.
B. Fragmentation of a country in to several units regions provinces.
C. Effective central control or authority
D. A and B are correct
ANSWER: C
19. What were the innovations made by Emperor Haile Sillase in his 1931 written
constitution?
A. He institutionalized the ministerial system
B. He introduced the concept of a fixed annual budget for government.
C. He recognized and emphasized the institutional character of the courts of law
D. All of the above
ANSWER: D
20. All are the justifications of Ethiopia for adopting Ethnic Federalism in post 1991
except?
A. The belief that the distinctiveness of a particular people and their right to self rule in
their homeland.
B. it allows ethnic communities to live in accordance with their customs and traditions.
C. It enables National Integration and Political Stability
D. All are correct
ANSWER: C
21. Which one the following is not true about politics?
A. It is a human normal civility process.
B. It is the science of government which is a state centered in which most people, most
institutions and most social activities can be regarded as being outside politics.
C. It is essentially about conflict resolution
D. It was first used by Aristotle to refer to the general affairs operating in the Greek city
states at the time.
ANSWER: B
22. Identify the true statement regarding the notion of politics and governance from
Empirical and Normative perspectives
A. Empirical political theory focuses on the observation and explanation of political
phenomena and involves formulating and testing hypotheses through experimentation.
B. Normative political theory focuses on what ought to be and explores the values and
ideals of a political system.
C. In theoretical terms, governance is the process of governing in which the process of
governing need not be consciously undertaken by a hierarchically organized set of actors.
D. As a concrete theoretical concept, governance refers to all processes of social
organization and social coordination.
ANSWER: D
23. In what way government is different from governance? Identify it.
A. The former is the name given to the entity exercising legitimate authority and merely
an instrument for the purpose of governance
B. The latter is a more comprehensive concept than the former.
C. The latter can be considered as the actor of the former.
D. All of the above
ANSWER: D
24. Which one of the following idea is right regarding the origin of state?
A. The Natural theory which claims that the state to be of a divine creation.
B. The Social Contract Theory as state is a product of the agreement of the people
C. The Marxist Theory that the state emerges due to warfare within a society due to intra
societal war carried out between classes.
D. A and C are correct
ANSWER: C

25. Many states in the world are in favors of establishing federal state structures rather
than other. Why?
A. It plays a great role in uniformity of decisions, political activities and services;
B. effective in managing economic and cultural diversities;
C. It does not encourage inter regional competition
D. There is constitutional decentralization of power at the center
ANSWER: B
26. According to Aristotle ancient classification of government, which one is considered
as the best form of government?
A. Aristocracy and Monarchy
B. Democracy and Polity
C. Oligarchy and polity
D. Oligarchy and monarchy
ANSWER: B
27. In which political system, power is exercised by a small group with minimum popular
input?
A. Totalitarianism
B. Democratic
C. Authoritarianism
D. A and B are correct
ANSWER: C
28. Which one of the following statement true about the nature of international Relation?
A. It is an interdisciplinary field of study in which it is interconnected with other
disciplines in social science
B. It is dynamic which discusses the changing pattern of contemporary world.
C. The state has always been a major player in international relations
D. All are correct
ANSWER: D

29. What is the main difference between international relation and international politics?
A. International Politics focuses on the political dimension of international relation.
B. International Relation is wider in its scope than international politics that encompasses
the political, economic, cultural and other aspects of international relations.
C. States are the actors of international relation either sovereign or not.
D. A and B are correct
ANSWER: D
30. One of the following is not true about the theories of International Relation?
A. Liberalism argues that relations between nations are not always a zero sum game
B. Realists are basically concentrated on the Sate as the unit of analysis.
C. Realists have optimistic view of human nature.
D. All except C
ANSWER: D
31. One of the following is wrong with relations to Liberal theory of International
relation.
A. States are considered necessary evil in the functioning of the IR system.
B. It is distinctive approach to IR that emphasizes the social dimension of world politics.
C. State cooperation is in the common interest of all in the international system
D. It emphasizes on economic ties between nations as basis to establish and preserve
order within the international system.
ANSWER: B
32. Which one of the following is not the contemporary global issue in today world?
A. Terrorism
B. Climatic change and global warming
C. Nuclear Weapon
D. None of the above
ANSWER: D
33. The short Range foreign policy objectives of state relation with all of the following
except:
A. Governments meet economic betterment demands and needs through international
action
B. It is a goal for which most people are willing to make ultimate sacrifices.
C. Self preservation of political and economic systems, the people and its culture, and the
territorial integrity of a state.
D. They are usually stated in the form of basic principles of FP and become article of
faith that society accepts without any questioning.
ANSWER: A
34. The Foreign Policy Behavior of state which is being displayed Least Developed
countries is:
A. Self Abnegation
B. Self Preservation
C. Self Extension
D. A and C
ANSWER: A
35. Theoretical and ideological perspective which defends a strong and pervasive role of
the state in the economy is:
A. Mercantilism
B. Realism
C. Liberalism
D. Marxism
ANSWER: B
36. One is NOT true about neoclassical institutionalism, regarding the purpose of
institutions
A. It beliefs that institutions are created primarily to solve economic problems
B. It believe that business corporations are created to reduce transaction costs and the
later
C. It believes that institutions are created by powerful groups to promote their own self
interest.
D. It believes Institutions are the consequence of historical accident and self reinforcing
and cumulative processes
ANSWER: B
37. The post war era from 1945 to the early 1970s is:
A. the Bretton Woods era or that of embedded liberalism
B. the Bretton Woods era or that of embedded Mercantilism
C. the period of neo mercantilism or neo protectionism
D. the economic liberal period or liberal interlude
ANSWER: A
38. The international monetary system is a place where:
A. The structures within which foreign exchange rates are determined
B. International trade and capital flows are accommodated
C. Balance of payments adjustments made
D. All
ANSWER: D
39. Which one is not correct about economic liberalism and economic nationalism?
A. The later leads to peace and the former lead to war
B. The former leads to peace and the later lead to war
C. The former is an exceedingly broad doctrine while the later is not
D. Both leads to war
ANSWER: B
40. Which one is the predecessor of World Trade Organization?
A. IM
B. GATT
C. WB
D. ITO
ANSWER: B

41. Development value dubbed as To be Able to Choose is referred to as __

A. Sustenance
B. Self esteem
C. Freedom
D. Self concept
ANSWER: C
42. Which one is wrong as far as balanced growth is concerned?
A. It can be managed with less resource.
B. Balanced growth means equal growth
C. No sector should be discriminated
D. Requires comparatively less capital
ANSWER: B
43. Which one true about the relationship between Economic growth and Development?
A. Attainment of growth is equated with development
B. Economic growth should be predecessor for development
C. Economic growth is sufficient condition for development
D. Development is impossible without Economic growth
ANSWER: D
44. The validity of Lewis theory of development is strongly proofed if:
A. The marginal product of labor in agriculture is zero.
B. Absence of reinvestment of profits by capitalists
C. Capacity of Urban industries to accommodate surplus rural labor
D. An increase in wages in the traditional agricultural sector
ANSWER: C
45. From followings which one not correctly describes modernization views of
development?
A. Transfer of capital and technology leads to convergence among societies.
B. Traditional value as obstacles to economic growth
C. Assume that all societies should follow the same path to development
D. Believes that development mainly occur from internal sources.
ANSWER: D
46. From Components of neo liberalism which argue that markets alone are efficient for
economic efficiency and stimulation of economic growth.
A. Free market approach
B. Public choice theory
C. Market friendly approach
D. All
ANSWER: A
47. The type of regionalization based on the operational structures of its activities is:
A. Natural
B. Cultural
C. Functional
D. Homogeneity
ANSWER: C
48. Following alternatives which one is false about a demand driven model of regional
growth?
A. It assumes that there is a perfectly elastic demand for the regions products.
B. It makes regional activity depend on the availability of demand for region outputs.
C. It emphasizes the backward linkage and output orientation of activities.
D. The approaches emphasize forward linkages among regional activities.
ANSWER: D
49. From theories of Regional Growth, which believe that development originates in a
relatively small number of center of changes located at the points of highest interactions?
A. Core Periphery Theory
B. The endogenous theory
C. Growth Pole Theory
D. Cumulative Causation theory
ANSWER: D
50. From theories of Regional Growth, which one is not more focused on distinguishing
the existence of leading and lagging region in the process of development?
A. Economic base theory
B. Growth centred theory
C. Comparative advantage school
D. Export base theory
ANSWER: A
51. Which of the following is accurately describes the belief of the structuralism theory
of development?
A. Free trade is the best to promote development
B. Raw material Export led growth holds the key to development.
C. Developing countries should protect domestic industry from competition by imposing
the policy of import substitution
D. Allow Developing countries to import capital for produce manufactured goods.
ANSWER: D
52. From the following which one is not component of Population studies?
A. Size
B. Structure
C. Distribution
D. None
ANSWER: D
53. The concept of demography is _______
A. Identical with the concept of population studies
B. Narrower than the concept of population studies
C. Wider as compared to that of population studies
D. Unrelated to the concept of population studies
ANSWER: B

54. Which one is odd about Malthusian theories of population?

A. War
B. Contraceptive
C. Famine
D. Drought
ANSWER: B
55. From the following alternatives theories, which not categorized under top down
approach?
A. Growth pole
B. Core periphery
C. Dependency
D. Comparative Advantage
ANSWER: C
56. From the following alternatives of population theories, which assume population as
an asset of development?
A. Zero Population
B. Malthusian
C. Anti natalist
D. Pro natalist
ANSWER: D
57. From the following which one is true about Gender equality?
A. It recognizes that women and men have different interests.
B. Focused on increment of women participation on a development program
C. It ensure equality of outcomes
D. None
ANSWER: B
58. From Feminist theories which focus on gender analysis of global economy?
A. Liberal
B. Radical
C. Development
D. Marxist Socialist
ANSWER: C
59. From the following gender need, which is not the category of Practical gender need?
A. Immediate
B. Current condition
C. Long term
D. Material
ANSWER: C
60. From Gender mainstreaming which is focused on identifying the existed problem that
contribute to gender inequality?
A. Gender budget
B. Gender planning
C. Gender Analysis
D. Gender mapping
ANSWER: C
61. From the following alternatives which is not features of sex?
A. Permanent
B. Fixed
C. Culture based
D. Universal
ANSWER: C
62. An approach which seeks to integrate woman in to development process is:
A. Women in Development
B. Women and Development
C. Gender and Development
D. Gender equity
ANSWER: A
63. From the following alternatives of gender perspectives, which more focused on
ensuring equivalence in life outcome of men and women?
A. Equity
B. Equality
C. Women in Development
D. Practical gender need
ANSWER: A
64. The perceptions and the misperceptions that the parties hold towards self and the
other is:
A. Contradictions
B. Behavior
C. Attitudes
D. All
ANSWER: B
65. Imagine that Part X and Part Y may live in one country and they are disagreeing in
their competing issues. Due to this, they interred to the Conflict. Party Z may inter to that
conflict from another country. The result of this Conflict may be:
A. Lose Lose for three parts
B. Lose Lose for Part X and Part Y, but Win for Part Z
C. Win win for Part X and Part Y
D. Win Win for three Parts
ANSWER:B
66. Which one of the following is the fastest growing ADR mechanism?
A. Mediation
B. Reconciliation
C. Conciliation
D. Negotiation
ANSWER:A
67. Phases of conflict Framework for Conflict Analysis in which One side might defeat
the others, or perhaps call a ceasefire is
A. Outcome
B. Crisis
C. Confrontation
D. Pre Conflict
ANSWER:A
68. The Principle of Peace Building that involve people not merely as beneficiaries but as
active participants is.
A. Inclusiveness and diversity
B. Integrity
C. Participarory
D. Holistic
ANSWER: C
69. The stage of conflict which is usually termed as post conflict or post agreement is
A. Regeneration
B. Limiting Damage
C. cooling the cools
D. none
ANSWER:A
70. Which of the following statements are correct about the politics and public
administration dichotomy?
A. politics has to do with policies or expressions of state while administration has to do
with the execution of these policies
B. the realm of politics is policy making whereas, the realm of administration is policy
execution
C. Politics and public administration in Ethiopia is differentiated on the basis of their
institutional.locations but difficult to separate in practice.
D. All
ANSWER: D
71. Which of the following is taken as a pillar for public administration?
A. Efficiency
B. EffectivenesEffectivenesEffectivenesEffectivenesministersministers both public and
private sectors is:
A. Public Management
B. Public Administration
C. New Public Management
D. New Public Governance
ANSWER: A
72. Which is correct statement about public administration?
A. It is government administration
B. It is concerned with the activities of the executive branch of the government at all
levels.
C. It is a profession
D. All
ANSWER: D
73. Among the following, one does not characterize bureaucracy.
A. Rule orientation
B. Hierarchical structure
C. Impartiality or apolitical in nature
D. None
ANSWER: D
74. Which of the following is not among the ethical principles of Ethiopian public
service?
A. Transparency
B. Confidentiality
C. Honesty
D. None
ANSWER: D
75. Human resources management refers to:
A. All managerial activities
B. The administration, controlling and management of affairs of people, line or staff,
engaged in civil services.
C. It is a branch of public administration which is concerned with effective management
of people at work in government organizations, institutions and departments
D. All
ANSWER: D
76. Seeing the masses as largely passive, no interest and ill informed about public policy
making is the main tenet of:
A. Group theory
B. Rational choice theory
C. Elite theory
D. Institutional theory
ANSWER: C
77. The primary thing which involve in policy making process is:
A. The actor
B. The government
C. The problem
D. The stakeholder
ANSWER: C
78. Giving feedback is the main concern of:
A. Policy adoption
B. Policy formulation
C. Policy evaluation
D. Policy implementation
ANSWER: C
79. Public policy implementation is more difficult in case:
A. When leadership is incapable.
B. When there is lack of consent from the community
C. When corruption escalates
D. All
ANSWER: D
80. Why we need to study public policy?
A. We all positively or negatively affected by public policy; thus, we want to know
something about public policy.
B. We want to study public policy to have the knowledge or skill of making our own
choices
C. We want to study public policy to know the range of issues over which debates and
controversies occur in the society
D. All
ANSWER: D
81. Ethiopian governments face a challenge in:
A. Policy implementation
B. Policy evaluation
C. policy formulation
D. policy approval
ANSWER: A
82. Policy analysis refers to:
A. It is the study of public policy
B. It describes and investigates how and why particular policies are proposed, adopted
and implemented
C. It studies the causes, consequences, processes and implementation of public policy.
D. All
ANSWER: D
83. Identify correct statement about public sector reform
A. Reforming the structure of the organization
B. Injecting new idea and new people in a new combination of task
C. Injecting real effectiveness, competence and financial quality in public sector.
D. Injecting good governance principles in government institutions
ANSWER: C
84. The cause for the underdevelopment of third world countries proposed by first wave
of institutional reform is:
A. Unwillingness of third world countries to reform their institutions.
B. Fear of unexpected results of the reform
C. Lack of managerial capacity of third world countries
D. Lack of resources
ANSWER: C
85. Among the following, one is not the key areas in civil service reform program in
Ethiopia?
A. Human Resource Management
B. Ethics and Anti Corruption Commission
C. Expenditure Control and management
D. None
ANSWER: D
86. Among the following one is correct statement regarding the organizational principles
of the civil service.
A. Job security and political isolation principle
B. Merit based principle
C. Standardized rules and regulation principle
D. All
ANSWER: D
87. __________is the agreement concluded between customers and public sectors which
help customers to be informed and consulted about the level and quality of services they
will receive from public sectors.
A. E government
B. Citizen Charter
C. BPR
D. Total Quality Management
ANSWER: B
88. Among the following one is wrong statement regarding third wave of institutional
reform.
A. Emphasis on bottom up approach
B. Adoption of reform according to the context of the third world countries.
C. Focus on outcome than outputs.
D. None
ANSWER: D

89. Among the following one is not the lessons learned from second wave of institutional
reform
A. Market is sufficient condition to bring development
B. Strong and capable government institutions are needed to bring development
C. One size does not fit all
D. All except C
ANSWER: A
90. Which of the following statements is wrong about Machiavellis view point on human
nature?
A. Human beings have unlimited wants and no means of satisfying them
B. Human beings are naturally not royal and stupid
C. Human beings never stop blaming a prominent people and those on political power,
when they do not get what they want.
D. None
ANSWER: D
91. According to the animal rights movement, the experimentation on animals for
medical and cosmetic research is wrong and all living species are equal and equally worth
of dignity and freedom. This is advocated by:
A. Emmanuel Kant
B. J S Mill
C. Bentham
D. Karl Marx
ANSWER: A
92. Which of the following statements is correct about Hobbes view point on power and
human nature?
A. More power allows an individual to acquire more pleasure and avoid more pain
B. All humans want more power
C. All individuals seek their own pleasure, power and prestige and soon they are in
conflict with each other
D. All
ANSWER: D
93. A philosopher who rejected the inalienability and inviolability of natural rights like
the right to life, liberty and property is:
A. J Locke
B. J J Resseau
C. Bentham
D. All
ANSWER: C
94. Which of the following statements is wrong about Locke nature of government?
A. People have a right to change the government, when it violates the original trust
B. A government is a servant of the people
C. Executive is subordinate to legislature
D. None
ANSWER: D
95. It is private ownership of property that corrupts humans, thereby making them greedy,
selfish, arrogant and uncooperative. This refers to:
A. Capitalism
B. Communism
C. Neo classical liberalism
D. Post modernism
ANSWER: B
96. Anarchism refers to:
A. A natural state of society in which society are not governed by government
B. It is governmental authority that imposes unfair rules on people and steals their money
C. All state authority and other authorities are unjust
D. All
ANSWER: D
97. Theory of international political economy that favors global economy to be governed
by a single dominant state is:
A. Liberalism theory
B. Mercantilism
C. Hegemonic stability theory
D. Structuralism
ANSWER: C
98. In which overt violence refers to action that people decisively do the harm others?
A. Fire out
B. Crisis
C. Confrontation
D. Coals
ANSWER: B
99. Of the core principles of humanitarianism, the most controversial is:
A. Accountability
B. Subsidiary of sovereignty
C. Non partisanship
D. Independence
ANSWER: C