Activity 2.

1 – Introduction to Statistics
General Instruction: Answer the succeeding questions after each problem.
1. Briefly explain the terms population, sample, representative sample, random sample,
sampling with replacement, and sampling without replacement.
Population - A population consists of all elements —individuals, items, or objects —
whose characteristics are being studied. The population that is being studied is also
called the target population.
Sample - Sample is a portion of the population selected for study.
Representative Sample - It is a sample that represents the characteristics of the
population as closely as possible.
Random Sample - A sample may be random or nonrandom. In a random sample, each
element of the population has a chance of being included in the sample. However, in a
nonrandom sample this may not be the case.
Sampling with replacement - In sampling with replacement, each time we select an
element from the population, we put it back in the population before we select the next
element. Thus, in sampling with replacement, the population contains the same number
of items each time a selection is made. As a result, we may select the same item more
than once in such a sample.
Sampling without replacement - Sampling without replacement occurs when the
selected element is not replaced in the population. In this case, each time we select an
item, the size of the population is reduced by one element. Thus, we cannot select the
same item more than once in this type of sampling.

2. Give three (3) examples each of sampling with and sampling without replacement.
Sampling with replacement
1st example:
Suppose I would like to take a sample of 2 students with replacement.
On the first random draw, I might select the name nior. Then I place the name back in
the hat and draw again. On the second draw I might select the name nior again. Thus
our sample would be :{nior, nior}.
2nd example:
Suppose I have a bowl of 50 unique numbers from 0 to 49. I want to select a ramdom
sample of numbers from the bowl. After I pick a number on the bowl, I put it back in the
bowl. The number that i put on the bowl can be selected more than once so it is an
example of sampling with replacement.
3rd example:
I have a spinning wheel with 5 different colors on it. On the first spin the pointer point
the color blue then on the second it point again the color blue.
Sampling without replacement
1st example:
A five card poker is dealt from an ordinary deck of playing cards. Typically, once a card is
dealt it is not possible for that card to appear again until the card is reshuffled and dealt
again.
2nd example: