Activity 2.

1 – Introduction to Statistics
General Instruction: Answer the succeeding questions after each problem.
1. Briefly explain the terms population, sample, representative sample, random sample,
sampling with replacement, and sampling without replacement.
Population - A population consists of all elements —individuals, items, or objects —
whose characteristics are being studied. The population that is being studied is also
called the target population.
Sample - Sample is a portion of the population selected for study.
Representative Sample - It is a sample that represents the characteristics of the
population as closely as possible.
Random Sample - A sample may be random or nonrandom. In a random sample, each
element of the population has a chance of being included in the sample. However, in a
nonrandom sample this may not be the case.
Sampling with replacement - In sampling with replacement, each time we select an
element from the population, we put it back in the population before we select the next
element. Thus, in sampling with replacement, the population contains the same number
of items each time a selection is made. As a result, we may select the same item more
than once in such a sample.
Sampling without replacement - Sampling without replacement occurs when the
selected element is not replaced in the population. In this case, each time we select an
item, the size of the population is reduced by one element. Thus, we cannot select the
same item more than once in this type of sampling.

2. Give three (3) examples each of sampling with and sampling without replacement.
Sampling with replacement
1st example:
Suppose I would like to take a sample of 2 students with replacement.
On the first random draw, I might select the name nior. Then I place the name back in
the hat and draw again. On the second draw I might select the name nior again. Thus
our sample would be :{nior, nior}.
2nd example:
Suppose I have a bowl of 50 unique numbers from 0 to 49. I want to select a ramdom
sample of numbers from the bowl. After I pick a number on the bowl, I put it back in the
bowl. The number that i put on the bowl can be selected more than once so it is an
example of sampling with replacement.
3rd example:
I have a spinning wheel with 5 different colors on it. On the first spin the pointer point
the color blue then on the second it point again the color blue.
Sampling without replacement
1st example:
Suppose i have a 10 ballsl then i need to shoot all of that balls on the ring without
picking the balls that I already shoot. This is an example of sampling without
replacement Because we cannot select the same ball more than once in this example.
2nd example:
Suppose we have the name of 5 students in a box.
• Tom • Tyler
• Juan • Andy
• Kaila
Each time we pick a name it will be remove from the box so that we would not select
the same name.
3rd example:
Suppose I have a bowl with 20 unique marbles. I want to select a ramdom sample of
marbles from the bowl. After I pick a marbles , I removed it from the bowl the pick
another marbles again. The marbles that I already pick cannot be selected more than
once so it is an example of sampling without replacement.

3. Briefly explain the difference between a census and a sample survey. Why is
conducting a sample survey preferable to conducting a census?
- A survey that includes every element of the target population is called a census while a
survey conducted on a sample is called a sample survey. Often the target population is
very large. Hence, in practice, a census is rarely taken because it is expensive and time-
consuming. Usually, to conduct a survey, we select a sample and collect the required
information from the elements included in that sample. We then make decisions based
on this sample information.

4. Explain whether each of the following constitutes a population or a sample.

a. Weight loss of all recorded overweight individuals in Camarines Sur
- It is a population because it considered all recorded individuals that are being studied.
b. Credit card debts of 100 families selected from Iriga City
- It is a sample because it is just a part of the population.
c. Number of home runs hit by all Major League baseball players in the 2009 season
- It is a population because it is a complete set.
d. Number of votes received by Sarah Geronimo in Mnet Asian Music Awards from
chosen Popsters (fans of Sarah Geronimo)
- It is a sample because only chosen popsters are given.
e. Amount spent on subscription on Spotify by selected CSPCeans
- It is a sample because it is just a subset of the population from which data is collected
f. Number of personal fouls committed by all NBA players during the 2019–2020 season
- It is a population because it is the particular group of interest.
g. Yield of potatoes per acre for 10 pieces of land
-
h. Weekly salaries of all CSPC employees of a company
- It is population because it consist of all person or things being studied
i. Cattle owned by 100 farmers in Iowa
- It is a sample because it only represent the group of interest.
j. Number of computers sold during the past week at all computer stores in Naga City
- It is q population because it is the broader group of what the researchers intend to
generalize the results their study.