Lesson 1

Parameter,
Statistic, and
Sampling Plan
 Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to

● properly distinguish between parameter and statistic;

● correctly identify the different random sampling methods;

and

● accurately solve real-life problems involving random

sampling.
 Essential Questions

● What are the advantages and disadvantages of simple

random sampling over the other random sampling
methods?

● What are the factors to consider in selecting the sampling

method to be used?
 Warm Up!

This lesson will tackle about the different random sampling

techniques. To introduce the concept of random sampling, let
us use an online tool called Random Name Picker.

(Click the link below to access the website.)

“Random Name Picker!” ClassTools.net. Retrieved 30 July

2019 from https://www.classtools.net/random-name-picker/
 Warm Up!

1. Divide the class into 10 groups.

2. Click Edit/Save. Type “Group1, Group 2, …, Group 10” and

click Submit.

3. Click on the wheel. The chosen group will have to give one
word related to the word “random.”

4. Repeat the activity 4 to 5 times.

 Guide Questions

● What are the words related to the word “random”?

● What is the probability of each group being chosen first?

● Is using the online tool fair for every group? Explain.

 Learn about It!

Population
1 group where members have something in common, that is, the total set of
observations that can be made

Examples:

• the population of senior citizens in Metro Manila

• the population of students in the senior high school
program
 Learn about It!

Sample
1
2 a smaller group or subset of the population in question

Examples:

• a sample of 500 senior citizens from Metro Manila

• a sample of 1000 grade 11 students from Metro Manila
 Learn about It!

Parameter
1
3 describes an entire population

Example:

45% of the senior citizens in Metro Manila are male.

 Learn about It!

Statistic
1
4 describes only the sample

Example:

Twenty-five out of the 100 randomly chosen grade 11

students belong to STEM strand.
 Learn about It!

Simple Random Sampling

1
5 The simplest way of getting random sample where each member of the
population has an equal chance of being chosen as the sample.

Example:
To choose the sample, arrange the elements of the
population in order, and then use a computer or a scientific
calculator to generate as many random numbers as required.
The sample will be composed of those elements which
correspond to the random numbers.
 Learn about It!

Stratified Random Sampling

1
6 This involves selecting a simple random sample from each of a given number of
subpopulations. Each subpopulation is called a stratum (plural: strata),

Example:
If a study is taking senior citizens into consideration, the
population may need to be subdivided into subgroups like 60-
69 years old, 70-79 years old, etc. The sample will be chosen
from each subgroups.
 Learn about It!

Cluster Sampling
1
7 The population is first divided into separate groups called clusters. Then, a simple
random sample of clusters from the available clusters in the population is
selected.

Example:
If the population is composed of all the senior citizens from
Metro Manila, the clusters could be senior citizens from the
different municipalities and cities in Metro Manila.
Data is then gathered from selected clusters, like 5 cities.
 Learn about It!

1-in- Systematic Random Sampling

1
8 This involves the random selection of one of the first elements in an ordered
population, and then the systematic selection of every th element thereafter.
The value of is first calculated by dividing the population size by the sample size.

Example:
Suppose there are 500 grade 5 students and you need to
select 50 students as your sample.
Dividing the population size 500 by the sample size 50, we get
10. That means, every 10th student will be included in the
sample.
 Learn about It!

Multistage Sampling
1
9 Two or more probability techniques are combined. It can be described as
sampling within the sample.

Example:
If the population is compose of all the senior citizens from
Metro Manila, we can use clustered sampling where the
clusters are the municipalities and cities in Metro manila.
Then from the selected clusters, we can use stratified
sampling and divide into different age groups.
 Try It!

Example 1: Suppose the quality manager wants to know the

average life of the battery they manufacture. He asked his
employees to obtain 100 random sample of batteries and
test how long the batteries will last. From the sample, it was
found out that the average life of the battery is 1 100 hours.
Identify the parameter and statistic.
 Try It!

Example 1: Suppose the quality manager wants to know the

average life of the battery they manufacture. He asked his
employees to obtain 100 random sample of batteries and
test how long the batteries will last. From the sample, it was
found out that the average life of the battery is 1100 hours.
Identify the parameter and statistic.

Solution:
In the study, 100 batteries are chosen as sample and it was
found out that the average life is 1 100 hours.
 Try It!

Example 1: Suppose the quality manager wants to know the

average life of the battery they manufacture. He asked his
employees to obtain 100 random sample of batteries and
test how long the batteries will last. From the sample, it was
found out that the average life of the battery is 1100 hours.
Identify the parameter and statistic.

Solution:

The statistic describes the sample. Therefore, 1 100 hours is

the statistic in the study.
 Try It!

Example 1: Suppose the quality manager wants to know the

average life of the battery they manufacture. He asked his
employees to obtain 100 random sample of batteries and
test how long the batteries will last. From the sample, it was
found out that the average life of the battery is 1100 hours.
Identify the parameter and statistic.

Solution:

The parameter is the average life of the battery they

manufacture.
 Try It!

Example 2:
Ms. Cruz wants to know the average weekly allowance of the
grade 10 students. She randomly asked 50 students how
much their weekly allowance is. She found out that the
average weekly allowance of these 50 students is ₱375.
Identify the parameter and statistic.
 Try It!

Solution:
In the study, 50 students were chosen as sample and it was
found out that their average weekly allowance is ₱375.
The statistic describes the sample. Therefore, ₱375 is the
statistic in the study.
The parameter is the average weekly allowance of grade 10
students.
 Try It!

Example 3: The Marketing Department of a certain university

is doing a satisfaction survey. To do this, the staff takes an
alphabetized list of student names and picks a random
starting point. Then every 15th student is given a survey
form. Determine whether the survey employs simple random
sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, or 1-
in- systematic random sampling.
 Try It!

Example 2: The Marketing Department of a certain university

is doing a satisfaction survey. To do this, the staff takes an
alphabetized list of student names and picks a random
starting point. Then every 15th student is given a survey
form. Determine whether the survey employs simple random
sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, or 1-
in- systematic random sampling.

Solution:
Since this survey chooses every th element as member of the
sample, it employs a 1-in- systematic random
sampling.
 Try It!

Example 4:
Mr. Johnson ordered 20 boxes of tiles for his house
renovation. To make sure that they are not damaged, he
randomly selects 4 boxes and checks the tiles in those 4
boxes. What type of sampling did Mr. Johnson used?
 Try It!

Solution:
The tiles were divided into 20 boxes (groups). A random
sample of 4 boxes (4 groups) were chosen and the tiles
from those boxes were checked.
The sampling method used is cluster sampling.
 Try It!

Example 5:
The IT department is doing a survey on the quality of the
internet connection in the school. Since they have all the
students’ identification number in their database, they
generated 100 random identification numbers using a
computer and those students were asked to participate in
the survey. What sampling technique is used in the survey?
 Try It!

Solution:
Since no groups were used, this is not stratified nor cluster
sampling.
Also, this is not 1-in-k systematic random sampling because
they didn’t pick every kth student.
Each student had the same chance of being selected.
Therefore, they used simple random sampling in this survey.
 Try It!

Example 6:
A statistical company was commissioned to do a survey on
which TV network is most preferred by the viewers in Metro
Manila by age group. What type of sampling method can be
used? Explain.
 Try It!

Solution:
The target population in the study are the Metro Manila
viewers.
To do this,
1. the population can be divided into cities and
municipalities (clusters).
2. Then, from the selected cities and municipalities (clusters),
they can further divide into different age groups (strata) and
then randomly select participants from each of the age group.

Therefore, a multistage sampling can be used in this survey.

 Try It!

Example 7:
The school nurse wants to know the average weight of the
Grade 11 students in their school. The total number of Grade
11 students from their school is around 1 500. Since the
population is too large and she has limited resources to do
the study, she decided to take a random sample of 150
students. What sampling technique can she use in the study?
Explain.
 Try It!

Solution:
The school nurse can do
1. Simple Random Sampling
She can get the list of all students from the registrar.
Note that the student number is unique for every student.
Using a computer, she can generate 150 random student
numbers for her study; or
2. 1-in-k Systematic Random Sampling
She can get an alphabetized list of names of the
Grade 11 students and pick a random starting point.
Then, she can get every 10th student to be part of her
study.
 Let’s Practice!

Individual Practice:
1. Ms. Cruz wants to know the average weekly allowance of
the grade 10 students. She randomly asked 50 students
how much their weekly allowance is. She found out that
the average weekly allowance of these 50 students is .
Identify the parameter and statistic.

2. The school canteen is doing a survey on the food

preferences of the students. They printed 100 survey
forms and they randomly select 10 students from each
grade level from grade 1 to grade 10. What type of random
sampling is used?
Key Points

Population
1
1 A group where members have something in common, that is, the total set of
observations that can be made

Sample
2 a smaller group or subset of the population in question

Parameter
3 describes an entire population

Statistic
4 describes only the sample
Key Points

Simple Random Sampling

1
5 The simplest way of getting random sample where each member of the
population has an equal chance of being chosen as the sample.

Stratified Random Sampling

1
6 This involves selecting a simple random sample from each of a given number of
subpopulations. Each subpopulation is called a stratum (plural: strata),

Cluster Sampling
7 The population is first divided into separate groups called clusters. Then, a simple
random sample of clusters from the available clusters in the population is
selected.
Key Points

1-in- Systematic Random Sampling

1
8 This involves the random selection of one of the first elements in an ordered
population, and then the systematic selection of every th element thereafter.
The value of is first calculated by dividing the population size by the sample size.

Multistage Sampling
1
9 Two or more probability techniques are combined. It can be described as
sampling within the sample.
 Synthesis

● How is the cluster sampling different from the stratified

random sampling since both of them divides the
population into groups?

● What are the advantages of knowing how to select

samples randomly?

● How do you compute the mean of a set of data?