Practical Research 2

Quarter 2 – Module 2:
Sample and
Sampling Procedures
After going through this module, you are expected
to describe sampling procedure and sample.

Samples and Sampling

Before we start a new lesson, read some portions of

the research sample and try to answer the questions
that follow each example.
Population – the complete collection to be studied; it contains all
subjects of interest.
Example:
1. Scores of entire students of secondary level
2. All children of any age who have older or younger siblings.

Sample – part of the population of interest; a sub-collection selected from a

population.
Example:
1. Satisfactory rating of employees in an office
2. The 40 employees who actually participate in one specific study about time
management
Application:
A Car Company wants to know the top 3
features of cars that are most important to
licensed drivers in the Philippines . The 2. Which of these is the
company telephones 100 Alabang sample in this survey?
residents and asks a series of questions. Justify your answer.
a. 100 licensed drivers in
1. Which of these is the population in this Alabang
survey? b. all licensed drivers in
Justify your answer. Alabang
a. all licensed drivers in Alabang c. 100 licensed drivers in
b. all residents in Alabang the Philippines
c. all licensed drivers in the Philippines d. all licensed drivers in
d. all residents in the Philippines. the Philippines.
Sampling Method
- This refers to the way the samples are chosen from the
population.
Probability or Random Sampling
- This method follows a systematic way wherein
every element of a population has a chance of being
included in the sample.
Non-probability or Non-random Sampling
- This method does not ensure that every element of
the population may be selected as a part of the
sample.
NOTE: The selection of the sample is based on the need of the study.
Sampling Procedures or Techniques

A. Probability or Random Sampling

1. Pure Random Sampling or Simple Random Sampling
- Otherwise known as “fishbowl” method or “lottery”
method.
- Each member in the population has an equal chance to be
selected as sample.
Example:
You want to select a simple random
sample of 100 employees of Company
X. You assign a number to every
employee in the company database
from 1 to 1000, and use a random
2. Systematic Sampling
- This technique uses a formula to decide
the elements to be included in the
sample: n =
where n = nth element in the population;
N = the population
k = the sample size
Example:
If N is 100 and k is 20, then n = = 5. Thus, n = 5.
Hence, every 5th element of the population is selected for the
sample.
3. Stratified Sampling
- If the population can be divided into subgroups or
stratum that are more or less homogeneous or have
shared similarities, then this technique is useful.
Example:
Grade 7 junior school students may be grouped in strata of different
sections. Each section or class has to be represented in the sample.
4. Cluster sampling
- When the target respondents of a study is spread
across a geographical location, and the respondents
are quite heterogeneous, this techniques may be used.
Example:
A researcher’s needs to interview
coffee drinkers whose age range
are from 21 to 45 and residents of
Zone 3 of Barangay Barako.
The groups he may form may be
based on residents by street or by
block.
5. Multi-stage sampling
- This is like an extension of cluster
sampling because it can cover a
wider geographical area.
- The stage may start with the
barangay level, then municipal or
city, provincial, regional, and
national levels.
B. Non-probability or Nonrandom sampling.
1. Accidental Sampling
- In this type of sampling, there is no system
being followed.
- The researcher includes anyone he meets along
the way as his sample participants.
2. Convenience sampling
- This type of sampling is the fastest
and easiest because the researcher
will contact his friends or anybody
who is in his phone directory to get
their responses to a survey or interview.
Online surveys use this technique.
3. Judgmental or purposive sampling
- This technique is used when the researcher needs to
look for subjects based on the purpose of his study.
Example:
The grade 11 General Academics Strand
(GAS) students would like to find out the
different career choices of senior high
school students enrolled in the GAS
strand since the students enrolled in this
strand are those who have not clearly decided
on the career path to take. Purposively, only GAS students should
be selected as sample respondents.
4. Quota Sampling
- This technique is used by the
researcher if he needs participants
with specific characteristics but quite
hard to reach or find, so he sets a
specific number or quota to make
his findings reliable.

Example:
Find identical twins for a
comparative study.
5. Snowball Sampling
- This technique will require the
researcher to use his network or
find one respondent who can refer
other possible respondents for the
study.
- Usually, a researcher uses this
technique when he has limited
knowledge on how to get hold of
his needed individual or group
respondents.
Choose the sampling method that applies in the given situation.
1. Every tenth person boarding a plane is searched thoroughly. What
type of sampling method is used?

a. Systematic Random Sampling

b. Cluster Random Sampling
c. Stratified Random Sampling
d. Simple Random Sampling
2. At a local community College, five math classes are randomly
selected out of 20 and all of the students from each class are
interviewed. What type of sampling method is used?
a. Systematic Random Sampling
b. Cluster Random Sampling
c. Stratified Random Sampling
d. Simple Random Sampling
3. The students in a given school are classified according to year level. Twenty
students from each group will be randomly chosen to participate in a study
involving students' study habits.
a. Systematic Random Sampling
b. Cluster Random Sampling
c. Stratified Random Sampling
d. Simple Random Sampling
4. A survey on the satisfaction of homeowners living in a certain
subdivision with the security features in their place is to be
conducted. A sample of 100 homeowners will be drawn for this
survey by assigning a number from 1 to 1,000 to the homeowners
based on an alphabetical list to determine the
homeowners who will participate in the survey.
a. Systematic Random Sampling
b. Cluster Random Sampling
c. Stratified Random Sampling
d. Simple Random Sampling
5. The researcher would like to conduct a study of individuals with
rare diseases. What type of sampling will be used?
a. Snowball Sampling
b. Purposive Sampling
c. Convenience Sampling
d. Quota Sampling
6. A new NGO wants to establish itself in 20 cities. It selects the top
20 cities to serve based on the proximity to where they’re based.
What type of sampling will be used?
a. Snowball Sampling
b. Purposive Sampling
c. Convenience Sampling
d. Quota Sampling