RIZAL’S LIFE: Exile,

Trial, and Death

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Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Analyze the factors that led to Rizal’s execution.
2. Analyze the effects of Rizal’s execution on Spanish
colonial rule and the Philippine Revolution

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REASONS OF
RIZAL'S ARREST
01 When Rizal returned to Manila on June 26, 1892, he was
already declared as an enemy of the state because of Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol ordered the arrest as a
his novels.
03 political move to appease the friars. He published in
Graceta de Manila that the grounds for Rizal's arrest
The La Liga Filipina, a social reformist group advocating were his anti Catholic and anti-friar stance which

02 social reforms through legal means, was considered a

threat by the Spanish authorities which led to Rizal's 04 manifested in his writings

arrest on July 6, 1892.

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1.
EXILE
Rizal's life in Dapitan from
1892 to 1896

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EXILE
1. Arrival in Manila and La Liga Filipina:
In June 1892, Dr. Jose Rizal returned to Manila and was greeted
by prominent patriots like Apolinario Mabini and Andres
Bonifacio. Together, they established La Liga Filipina, a group
aimed at promoting reforms and unity. This marked the beginning
of Rizal's active involvement in the Philippines' quest for change.

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EXILE
2. Exile in Dapitan and Community Contributions:
During his exile in Dapitan, Rizal continued his medical studies and
engaged in a wide range of activities. He supported the local community by
winning a lottery and using the funds to buy land. On this land, he
established a school, clinic, and home. Rizal also had a romantic
relationship with Josephine Bracken, and the two secretly married. His
projects in Dapitan included creating a large map of Mindanao,
implementing a water system, and installing lamp posts throughout the
town.
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EXILE
3. Involvement in Revolution and Arrest:
When the revolution began in Manila in 1896, Rizal was
informed about the Katipunan's plans. He expressed a desire to
serve as a surgeon in Cuba to end his exile. However, his return to
the Philippines was met with arrest. Rizal was taken into custody
and imprisoned at Fort Santiago in Manila, marking a turning
point in his life and his role in the country's history.

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2.
TRIAL
Journey of Jose Rizal to
Bagumbayan from his last
homecoming to his trial
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TRIAL
November 20, 1896
- Colonel Francisco Olive an advocate of the
Spanish military tribunal assigned as Judge to Rizal.

- Five days preliminary investigation was conducted.

- Rizal was blamed for being the leader of the

revolution by increasing the people’s ideas about the
rebellion and making illegal organizations.

- Rizal was not allowed to interrogate his witnesses

and only allowed to choose his lawyer from a list of
young Spanish officers who were not in the law.
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TRIAL
-Rizal chose Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade who was the
bodyguard of Rizal when he first came home.

-Two kinds of evidences were presented during the

investigation,*Documentary and testimonial*.

-Fifteen documents against Rizal and ten witnesses

for testimonial. And all efforts were made by Lt.
Taviel de Andrade to defend Rizal of his innocence
but Rizal was still found guilty.
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Rizal cited twelve points to prove his innocence:

1. Rizal was against rebellion as testified by Pio Valenzuela.
2. No letter consisting of revolutionary elements was addressed to
the Katipunan was written.
3. Without his consent, the Katipunan used his name as one of the
passwords.
4. If he was guilty, he could have left the country while in exile; he
would not have built a home, and would not have bought a parcel
of land to put up a hospital in Dapitan.
5. The revolutionists could have consulted him if he was the leader.

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Rizal cited twelve points to prove his innocence:

6. He did not deny that he wrote the by-laws of the Liga
Filipina, but to make things clear, it is a different organization
from Katipunan. The former being a civic association and the
latter being a revolutionary society.
7. After the first meeting of the Liga, the association banished
because of his exile in Dapitan and it did not last long.
8. He had no idea, that the Liga was reorganized nine months
after.

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Rizal cited twelve points to prove his innocence:

9. If the Liga had a revolutionary purpose, then Katipunan
should not have been founded.
10. If the Spanish authorities found his letters offending, it was
because in 1890, his family has been persecuted.
11. He lived a good life in Dapitan – the politico military
commander and missionary priest in the province could attest
to it.

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Rizal cited twelve points to prove his innocence:

12. The witnesses said that if the speech delivered at Doroteo
Ongjunco’s house had inspired the revolution, he should be
given a chance to confront these persons. If he was in the
revolution, the Katipunan should not have sent an unfamiliar
emissary to him in Dapitan. For this, his friends knew that he
never promoted violence

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3.
DEATH
Execution. What happened
after Rizal's Death?

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DEATH
At 3:30 in the morning of December 30, 1896 Fr.
At 5:00 am he ate his last breakfast and
01 Balaguer lead a mass Rizal, once again made a
confession and received communion.
03 autographed some memorabilia.

At 6:30 in the morning of December 30, 1896,

02 Rizal, in black suit with his arms tied behind his
back, walked to Bagumbayan.
04 Rizal and Josephine bracken was canonically
blessed as husband and wife by Fr. Balaguer
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DEATH
Instead, he faced the firing squad to show his
innocence of the charges thrown at him. But the
05 For the last time, he wrote a letter to his parents,
Blumentritt and Paciano 07 Spanish authorities forced him to face backwards
and shot him at the back instead of the head.

Up to the last minute at Fort Santiago, Rizal defied
06 orders from his captors as he was instructed to face
the sea and turn his back against the firing squad. 08
But Rizal wanted to do otherwise.
Upon hearing the squad commander's shout of
"Fuego (Fire) Rizal turned to face the firing
squad.
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DEATH
The shot at the back allowed him to turn his body
09 sideways and fell on the ground with his face
upward. Rizal's last word, as that of Jesus Christ,
was "Consummatum Est"--It is finished.
10
Rizal died offering his life for his country and its
freedom.
His Death sparked the revolution in the country
against the Spanish government, which ruled Las
11 Islas Filipinas (now the Philippines) from 1565 to
1898.
The Philippine independence struggle turned
12
more violent after Rizal's death. It was led first by
Andres Bonifacio and later by Emilio Aguinaldo.
Rizal's death filled the rebels with new
determination.
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"I wish to show those who

deny us Patriotism that we
know how to die for our
country and convictions."
- Jose Rizal

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Thank You
So Much!
Urdaneta City University Life and Works of Rizal 2023