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SCIENCE
Quarter 4 – Module 5:
Effect of the Length of Daytime
and Nighttime on Seasons

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Science
Quarter 4 Module 5
Week 5

Effect of the Length of Daytime

and Nighttime on Seasons

Department of Education
Mandaue City Division

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LEARNING COMPETENCIES:

Using models, relate:

1. the tilt of the Earth to the length of daytime
2. the length of daytime to the amount of energy received
S7ESIVh-9

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

• Infer the effect of length of daytime and nighttime on seasons.

• Interpret data about sunrise and sunset to tell when daytime is

long and when daytime is short.

• Explain one of the reasons why seasons change (the length

of daytime).

INTRODUCTION
In Grade 6, you have learned about the major members of our
solar system. Like the other planets, the Earth moves mainly in two
ways: it spins on its axis and it goes around the Sun. As the Earth
revolves around the Sun, the Moon is also revolving around the Earth.
Even if we do not actually see the Earth or Moon moving, we can
observe the effects of their motion. For example, because the Earth
rotates, we experience day and night. As the Moon goes around the
Earth, we see changes in the Moon’s appearance.

You know that there are two seasons in the Philippines: rainy
and dry. There are months of the year when it is cold and months
when it is hot. The seasons follow each other regularly and you
can tell in advance when it is going to be warm or cold and when
it is going to be rainy or not. But can you explain why there are
seasons at all? Do you know why the seasons change?

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 What I Know?

Pre-Assessment

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Sunrise changes through the year. Sometimes the Sun rises earlier. Sometimes
the Sun rises later. At what time of year does the Sun rise very early in the morning?

A. in winter C. in summer B. in spring D. in

autumn

2. At what time of year is the Sun at its lowest?

A. in winter C. in summer
B. in spring D. in autumn

3. The Sun rises in the morning. It gets higher and higher in the sky. Then it goes
down again. At what time of year is the Sun at its highest?

A. in winter C. in summer B. in spring D. in

autumn

4. When are the nights longest?

A. in winter C. in summer
B. in spring D. in autumn

5. In the winter, it can be dark coming home from school. But in the summer, it
is light much longer. Why is it light much longer in the summer?
A. because the Sun sets later in the summer
B. because the street lights are turned on
C. because the Moon shines more in the summer
D. because the Sun sets earlier in the summer

6. When are the nights shortest?

A. in winter C. in summer
B. in spring D. in autumn

7. Which location on earth experiences the least change in the number of

daylight hours throughout the year?
A. Tropic of Cancer C. Arctic Circle
B. Tropic of Capricorn D. Equator

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8. What causes day and night?
A. The Sun goes around the Earth.
B. The Earth orbits the Sun.
C. The Earth rotates or spins every 24 hours.
D. The moon rises causing night time.

9. How much of the Earth is in day and night?

A. 1/2 in the day and 1/2 in the night
B. Depends on the season
C. 1/4 in day and 3/4 in night
D. Depends on the tilt of the Earth

10. You are getting ready for school. On the other side of the world, students are
getting ready for _______.
A. school C. lunch
B. breakfast D. bed

What I Need to Know?

Aside from the effect of the direct rays

of the Sun, there are other reasons
why it becomes hot during
summertime (and cold during
wintertime). The following activity will
show another reason.

Activity 1
How does the length of daytime and

nighttime affect the season?

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Objectives
After performing this activity, you should be able to

1. Interpret data about sunrise and sunset to tell when daytime is long and when daytime
is short
2. Infer the effect of length of daytime and nighttime on seasons
3. Summarize the reasons why seasons

What to use
Table 1

What to do
1. Study the table below. It shows the times of sunrise and sunset on one day of each
month.

Q1. Compare the times of sunrise from January, 2011 to December, 2011. What do you
notice?
_________________________________________________________________________
____________
Q2. Compare the times of sunset during the same period. What do you notice?
_________________________________________________________________________
____________
Q3. Compare the time of sunrise on June 22, 2011 with that on December 22,
2011. On which day did the Sun rise earlier?
______________________________________________________
Q4. Compare the time of sunset on June 22, 2011 with that on December 22,
2011. On which day did the Sun set later?
________________________________________________________

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Q5. When was daytime the longest?
________________________________________________________
Q6. When was daytime the shortest?
_______________________________________________________
Q7. What is the effect of a long day?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
Q8. What is the effect of a short night?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________

You know that there are 24 hours in a day. You probably think that daytime and
nighttime are always equal. But you can infer from the activity that the length of daytime
changes from month to month. When the North Pole is tilted toward the Sun, daytime will be
longer than nighttime in the Northern Hemisphere.

What happens when daytime

is longer than nighttime?

The time of heating up during the day will be longer than the time of
cooling down at night. The Northern Hemisphere steadily warms up
and the result is summer. At the same time, in the Southern
Hemisphere, the opposite is happening. Nights are longer than
daytime. It is winter there.

But when the Earth has moved farther along its orbit, the North
Pole will then be tilted away from the Sun. Nighttime will then be
longer than daytime in the Northern Hemisphere. There would be a
shorter time for heating up and longer time to cool down. The result is
winter in the Northern Hemisphere. In tropical Philippines, it is the cold
season. Meanwhile, it will be summer in the Southern Hemisphere.

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What Is It?

At this point, you should now be able to explain

why the seasons change. Your explanation should
include the following things: the tilt of the Earth; its
revolution around the Sun; the direct rays of the Sun,
and the length of daytime. There are other factors that
affect the seasons but these are the most important.

What’s More?

Activity 2:
Determining Hours of Daylight

The illustrations below show:

• the length of day at every 10º of latitude
• the winter and summer solstices in the Northern Hemisphere.

On each figure, the label (length of day) begins at the equator, then
followed by 10 degrees north and south of equator to the 60º latitude north and
south. The final north and south latitude shown is 66.5º. From this latitude to the
poles, the daylight hours remain the same.

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Q1. Which figure shows the summer solstice for the Northern Hemisphere? How do you
know?
_________________________________________________________________________
____________

Q2. If you lived at 50º north latitude, how many hours of daylight would you have during
the summer solstice? During the winter solstice?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________

Q3. If the figures were used to show the summer and winter solstices in the southern
hemisphere, which figure would show the summer solstice in the southern hemisphere?
How do you know?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________

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What Have I Learned?

Let’s find out if you’ve learned something!

Try to answer the following exercises.

POST - ASSESSMENT

Test I. Study the data in the table below.

a. Fill in the last column.
b. Explain why it is likely to be hotter in April than in December.
c. Explain why it is likely to be colder in December than in April.

Explanation:

a. __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

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 Test II. Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences in the paragraphs below.
Choose your answers from inside the box.

cooling down heating up Earth Southern Hemisphere winter

Northern Hemisphere longer the same nighttime opposite
summer North Pole cold season daytime shorter

The time of ______________ during the day will be ___________ than the time of
_____________ at night. The Northern Hemisphere steadily warms up and the result is
_____________. At the same time, in the Southern Hemisphere, the _______________ is
happening. Nights are longer than ___________. It is ___________ there.

But when the _____________ has moved farther along its orbit, the ____________
will then be tilted away from the Sun. _____________ will then be longer than daytime in the
_________________. There would be a ____________ time for heating up and longer time
to cool down. The result is ____________ in the Northern Hemisphere. In tropical Philippines,
it is the ____________. Meanwhile, it will be summer in the ____________________.

Answer Key

Pre-Assessment:
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. A
6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D. B

Activity 1
Q1. From January to December, the time of sunrise changes from being late (6:25 am), then
becoming earlier (5:27 am), then becoming late again (6:16 am). The Sun does not rise at
the same time the whole year round.
Q2. From January to December, the time of sunset changes from being early (5:50
pm), then becoming late (6:28 pm), then becoming early again (5:32 pm).
Q3. The Sun rose earlier on June 22, 2011.
Q4. The Sun set later on December 22, 2011.
Q5. Daytime was longest on June 22, 2011.
Q6. Daytime was shortest on December 22, 2011.
Q7. Longer hours of daylight mean that the Sun is in the sky for a longer time. Thus, there
is a longer time to heat up the surface of the Earth. And a short night means the time to cool
down is less. So, the heat adds up day after day. The result is summer.

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Q8. I
n contrast, a s
Activity 2
Q1. Figure 2.
Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun.
Q2. Summer Solstice = 16 hr 18 min
Winter Solstice = ___________
Q3. Figure 1.
Southern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun.

Post-Assessment

Test I

Explanation:

c. It is colder in December because the days are shorter that month than in April.

Test II
.C
The time of __________ during the day will be longer than the time of ____________
at night. The Northern Hemisphere steadily warms up and the result is summer. At the same
time, in the Southern Hemisphere, the ______________is happening. Nights are longer than
daytime. It is ____________there.
But when the ____________has moved farther along its orbit, the North Pole will then be
tilted away from the Sun.______________ will then be longer than daytime in the Northern
Hemisphere. There would be a ____________ time for heating up and longer time to cool
down. The result is __________in the Northern Hemisphere. In tropical Philippines, it is the
cold season. Meanwhile, it will be summer in the _____________.

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 References

Printed:

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science 7

K to 12 Learning Manual Science 7

Denecke. Edward Jr. J. (2009). Let’s Review: Earth Science The Physical Setting. 3rd ed.
New York: Barron’s Educational Series, Inc.

Institute for Science and Mathematics Education Development (1983). Earth Science: The
Philippines in Focus. Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.

Tarbuck, Edward J.; Lutgens, Frederick K. (2004). Earth Science. 10th ed. Singapore:
Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd.

Electronic Sources:

https://docs.google.com/presentation/u/1/d/1jMT0maiw8vowWpp8_LJnpIORhW7DlDjiOA-
KOy4ec54/htmlpresent
http://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/
http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/astronomy.html

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
REGION VII
Division of Mandaue City
Mandaue City, Cebu

NIMFA D. BONGO, Ed.D., CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

ESTELA B. SUSVILLA, Ed.D.

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

JAIME P. RUELAN, Ed.D.

Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

ISMAELITA N. DESABILLE, Ed.D.

Education Program Supervisor – LRMDS

RUFINO T. TUDLASAN Jr., Ed.D.

Education Program Supervisor -Science

CHYRREL B. ENCONTRO
Writer

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Mandaue City
Plaridel St., Centro, Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines 6014
Telephone Nos.: (032) 345 – 0545 | (032) 505 – 6337
E-mail Address: mandaue.city001@deped.gov.ph
Website: https://depedmandaue.net

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