Science 7 Module (4th Quarter)

MODULE 7: The relationship of the seasons and the position of the Sun in the sky (pt2) Time Frame: 1 week

I-INTRODUCTION

A. Lesson Overview
In the previous discussion, we encountered that the Earth is rotating on its axis and revolving around the sun. In
connection with this, we are experiencing daytime and nighttime. Aside from that, we also experiencing different seasons.

B. Objective
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
1. Relate the tilt of the Earth to the length of daytime and to the amount of energy received.
2. Explain the reasons why seasons change.
3. Recognize how Seasons affects our lives.
II-CONCEPT/S TO BE LEARNED

Seasons are short periods of climate change caused by changes in the amount of solar radiation (sunlight) an area
receives. It occurs because the Earth is tilted on its axis. Earth is not perpendicular to the plane of its orbit; it is tilted from
the vertical by 23.5 degrees. What’s the angle got to do with it? What is the difference between direct rays and oblique
rays? “Direct rays” means that the rays of the Sun hit the ground at 90°. The rays are vertical or perpendicular to the
ground. When the Sun’s rays strike the ground at a high angle, the ground receives a greater amount of solar energy than
when the rays are inclined. The result is greater warming.

On the other hand, when the Sun’s rays come in at an oblique angle, the ground will receive a lesser amount of
solar energy. That’s because at lower angles, solar energy will be distributed over a wider area. The place will then
experience less heating up.

Figure 1. Earth and its Orbit at Different Times of the Year

There are times of each year that the Northern hemisphere tilts toward the sun. This part of the Earth receives
more direct energy from sunlight and experiences longer daytime than nighttime. We call this time of the year as
Summer. Six months later, when the Earth has moved to the opposite side of its orbit, the Northern hemisphere tilts away
from the sun. We call this time of the year as Winter. This part of the Earth receives less direct energy from sunlight and
experiences longer nighttime than daytime.

Each hemisphere experiences an opposite season. For example, the winter season in the northern hemisphere is
summer in the southern hemisphere. In between these, Spring and Fall will occur.

At any given time, half of the Earth is brightened by sunlight and half is in darkness. Due to Earth’s tilt or
slanting position, the amount of brightness for each hemisphere differs. Figure 2 shows the comparison of the effect
when Earth is tilted towards and away from the sun particularly in June and December.

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 Figure 2. The Direct Rays from the Sun in June and December

Direct rays mean that the rays of the Sun hit the ground at 90 degrees. When the Sun’s rays strike the ground at a
high angle, each square meter of the ground receives a greater amount of solar energy which results to a warmer
environment. However, when the Sun’s rays come in at an oblique angle, each square meter of the ground will receive a
lesser amount of solar energy because it will be distributed over a wider area.

In tropical countries like the Philippines, we only have two seasons: the wet (rainy) and the dry (sunny) since we
are located near the equator. The Sun rises at almost the same time every morning. It also sets at almost the same time
every afternoon. The days and nights are about 12 hours long – every single day of the year.

III-GENERALIZATION
There are four seasons on earth: winter, spring, summer and fall. Since the axis is tilted, different parts of the
globe are oriented towards the Sun at different times of the year.

REFERENCES
 Breaking Through Science Corazon N. Felicerta
 Grade 7 Science: Learner’s Module Lesson

IV-WORKSHEET

A. ACTIVITY
Activity 2: The missing words
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the missing words. Choose your answers from the given words in the box. Write your
answers in your Science activity notebook.

Tilt solar day spring

Wet direct winter revolution
Summer less indirect weather

Seasons are periods of similar _____1_____ that occur at certain times of a year. Outside the tropics, there are
four seasons each year. Each one lasts about three months which include the following: _____2_____; winter;
_____3_____; and fall or autumn. When the Earth is on one side of the sun, the Northern hemisphere is tilted towards the
Sun. It is summer in the North of the Earth and _____4_____ in the South.
In tropical areas, they have two six-month seasons: _____5_____ and dry like the Philippines. If daytime is longer
than night time, more _____6_____ energy is received from the sun which makes the place warmer.
The changes in the seasons occur because of the following factors: the ____7______ of the Earth; its _____8_____
around the Sun; the _____9_____ rays of the Sun; and the length of ____10_____time.

B. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in your Science activity notebook.

1. Which pole is pointed towards the Sun when the northern hemisphere is experiencing winter?
A. North Pole C. Both Poles
B. South Pole D. None of the two poles
2. What season does the southern hemisphere experience when it is winter in the northern hemisphere?
A. Autumn/Fall C. Summer
B. Spring D. Winter
3. How many degrees is the Earth’s axis tilted?
A. 23.5 C. 68.3
B. 53.5 D. 90.2
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4. Which season is experienced in the northern hemisphere for the month of December?
A. Autumn/Fall C. Summer
B. Spring D. Winter
5. What happens when daytime is longer than night time?
A. The Sun will set earlier.
B. The time of heating up during the day will be shorter than night time.
C. The time of heating up during the day will be longer than night time.
D. The Northern Hemisphere steadily warms up and the result is winter.
6. Which month of the year the Philippines is likely to experience longer days than nights?
A. April, Dry Season C. December, Dry Season
B. April, Wet Season D. December, Wet Season
7. Which hemisphere receives direct rays from the Sun in the month of June?
I. Northern hemisphere
II. Southern hemisphere
III. Northern and Southern hemispheres
A. I only C. III only
B. II only D. I,II, and III
8. In what angle do “direct rays” of the sun hit the ground?
A. 30 degrees C. 90 degrees
B. 60 degrees D. 120 degrees
9. What is the main factor of the change of seasons?
A. The speed of the spin of the Earth
B. The tilt of the Earth in relation to the Sun
C. The speed that the Earth rotates around the Sun
D. The changing distance between the Sun and the Earth
10. What season is taking place in the southern hemisphere when Earth is in location 1 on the illustration below?

A. Fall C. Summer
B. Spring D. Winter

C. Directions: Perform the following tasks to experience changes through times. Write your answers in your Science
activity notebook.
Task 1: List down ten activities that you can do during rainy and sunny seasons with your family and friends.
Task 2: Create a poster of one of your favorite experiences in life during any of the seasons: WET (Rainy) or DRY
(Sunny) that you appreciate most which make you a better person. Use long-sized bond paper and coloring materials in
doing this task. Refer to the rubric scoring below as your guide. Paste your poster in your Science activity notebook.