7

Science
Quarter 4 – Module 4:
Seasons
Science– Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 4: Seasons
First Edition, 2021

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do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Rolando M. Bulatao
Editor: Shekinah Abigail G. Corpuz
Reviewer: Felerma G. Urbano
Illustrator: Jinky H. Martin
Layout Artist: James Patrick S. Barias
Management Team: May B. Eclar, CESO III
Librada M. Rubio, PhD
Ma. Editha R. Caparas, EdD
Nestor R. Nuesca, EdD
Larry B. Espiritu, PhD
Rodolfo A. Dizon, PhD
Mary Queen P. Orpilla, PhD

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region III

Office Address: Matalino St., Diosdado Macapagal Center

Maimpis, City of San Fernando (P)
Telefax: (045) 598-8580 to 89
E-mail Address: region3@deped.gov.ph
 7

Science
Quarter 4 – Module 4:
Seasons
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as
you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This
will tell you if you need to proceed with completing this module or if you need to ask
your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for a better understanding of the lesson.
At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will
be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, ‘Notes to the Teacher’ are also provided
to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best
help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this
SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests, and read
the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

1
 What I Need to Know

The Earth rotates or spins around its axis just as a top spins around its
spindle. While the Earth spins on its axis, it also revolves around the Sun. Though
we do not actually feel and see that the Earth is moving, we can observe its effects.
Because of the Earth’s movements, we experience day and night. Amazing, isn’t it?
Do you want to know more about the effects of the Earth’s motion? Let us
discover it by studying this module. In this module, you will learn how the movement
and the position of the Earth affect the seasons and how the amount of heat from
the sun results in the varying lengths of daytime and nighttime.
After going through this module, you are expected to achieve the following
competency:
1. Using models, relate:
1.1. the tilt of the Earth to the length of daytime;
1.2. the length of daytime to the amount of energy received;
1.3. the position of the Earth in its orbit to the height of the Sun in the
sky;
1.4. the height of the Sun in the sky to the amount of energy received;
1.5. the latitude of an area to the amount of energy it receives; and
1.6. the tilt of the Earth to the seasons (S7ES-IVh-9).

1
 What I Know

Activity 1
Directions. Read and understand the following statements found in the table below.
Put a checkmark (√) in the box that best corresponds to your answer. Write your
answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

YES NO

1. The cold season is the result of the Sun’s rays striking the
ground at a lower angle.

2. The places that get more solar energy have more heat.

3. The axis of the Earth is vertical.

4. The earth is stationary.

5. The earth’s revolution occurs every 365 ¼ days or one
year.
6. There are four seasons in the Philippines.

7. There are 12 hours in a day.

8. Summer solstice is the condition when there is a long

night and a short day.

9. Earth has seasons because its axis is tilted.

10. The lowest latitudes get the most energy from the sun.

2
 Lesson

1 Seasons

Tropical countries like the Philippines only have two seasons: the rainy and
dry seasons. Unlike our country, other places in the world experience four different
seasons. Do you ever wonder why? Interesting, isn’t it? In this lesson, you will find
out how seasons change.

What’s In

Activity 2. Complete Me!

Directions: Complete the missing letters in the boxes to form the word being
described in each item. Write your answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. The condition when the Earth is facing the sun.

D Y T M

2. The climate of the Philippines.

T O P C L

3. The average condition of the atmosphere in a short period of time.

W E A R

4. The angular distance north or south from the earth’s equator measuring
90 degrees.

L A T D

5. The condition when the Earth is away from the sun.

N G H T I M

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6. The average condition of the atmosphere in a prolonged period of time.

C L T E

7. The air composition of the Earth.

A M P H E

8. Water that falls in drops from clouds in the sky.

R N

9. The hottest of the four temperate seasons.

S M

10. The science that studies weather and climate.

M T R O L G

Notes to the Facilitator

The activities in this module are arranged from simple to
complex to help the learners gradually master the desired learning
competencies. Your support and guidance are needed so that they
will be able to perform the final task which is to explain one reason
of changes in the seasons.

4
 What’s New

Activity 3: Mystery Word!

Directions: What is the condition when there is an equal length of day and night?
To find out, complete the name of each season below by writing the missing letter.
Then, use the same letters to complete the mystery word. Write your answers in your
notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

1. W I N T R

2. S M M E R

3. S P R N G

4. A U T U M

Mystery Word:

Q O X

5
 What is It

The Earth’s Tilt and Length of Daytime

It takes 24 hours for the Earth to rotate on its axis, resulting in one solar day.
However, daytime and nighttime are not always equal. This is because the Earth’s
axis is not straight, rather it is tilted at 23.5 degrees. The length of day and night
varies from month to month. When the North Pole is tilted toward the Sun, daytime
will be longer than nighttime in Northern Hemisphere. This condition is called the
summer solstice. Summer solstice refers to the longest day which may occur every
June 21-22 where the Sun travels the longest in the sky. Thus, the warmness during
the day will be longer than cooling down at night. As a result, the Northern
Hemisphere becomes warmer, which then causes summer. After this event, the
length of daytime begins to decrease and the length of nighttime increases. The same
is true with the winter solstice. During winter solstice (Dec. 21-22), which is the
longest night of the year, the Sun travels the shortest in the sky. After the winter
solstice, the length of daytime starts to increase, and the length of nighttime starts
to decrease. With this, when the Earth has tilted away from the sun, warmness
during the day is shorter, and it takes a longer time to cool down. Hence, the
Northern Hemisphere experiences winter. In Tropical countries, it is called the cold
season.
On the other hand, the tilt of the Earth causes different areas to receive
different amounts of solar energy. Longer hours of daylight mean that the Sun is in
the sky for a longer time. Hence, there is a longer time to heat up the surface of the
Earth, while a short night means the time to cool down is less. Because of this, the
heat adds up day after day. The result is summer. In contrast, a short day means a
shorter time that the Sun is in the sky, and there is less time for the surface to warm
up. A long night means there is more time to cool down. This leads to the cold months
that we experience.

Revolution of the Earth and Seasons

Figure 1 illustrates that there are different locations of Earth along its orbit
around the Sun. The axis of Earth is not perpendicular to its plane of orbit, it is
inclined.

Figure 1. Location of the Earth at different times of

the year; note that the axis of the Earth is not
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vertical; it is tilted. (Not drawn to scale).
 Figure 1 demonstrates that the North Pole is tilted toward the Sun in June.
That means that the Northern Hemisphere is also tilted toward the Sun. At the same
time, in December, the North Pole is tilted away from the Sun. Thus, the Northern
Hemisphere is also tilted away from the Sun.
Figure 2 shows the orientation of the Earth and the Sun during the month of
June. During this time, the Northern Hemisphere receives direct rays from the sun.

Figure 2. Orientation of earth and sun

in June.
This is the reason why it is warm during this time in the Northern Hemisphere.

Figure 3. Orientation of earth and sun in December.

3. Where do direct rays from the sun fall in December?
Figure 3 shows the orientation of the Earth and the Sun during the month of
December. At this time, the Southern Hemisphere receives direct rays from the sun.
From this figure, the axis of the Earth is not perpendicular to the plane of its orbit.
It is tilted away from the vertical position by 23.5 degrees. So, what does it mean?
In June, when the North Pole is tilted toward the Sun, the Northern
Hemisphere receives direct rays from the Sun. During this time, the North Pole has
warmer temperature since the rays coming from the sun is directly hitting the

7
ground. This explains why the North Pole is experiencing the summer season in
June.
Since the Earth is continuously revolving around the sun, there are also times
when the North Pole receives very low or no level of solar rays. This usually happens
in December when the North Pole is tilted away from the sun. At this time, the North
Pole has a very cold temperature and experiences the winter season.
For temperate countries in the Northern Hemisphere, they will also be
experiencing the winter season. However, in a tropical country like the Philippines,
it is simply a cold season.

Sun Rays and Height of the Sun Dictate Seasons

Direct rays can be
observed when the rays of the
Sun hit the ground at 90 degrees.
The rays can either be vertical or
perpendicular to the ground.
When the Sun’s rays strike the
ground at a high angle, each
square meter of the ground
receives a greater amount of solar
energy than when rays are
inclined. This results in more
heat being absorbed by the
Figure 4. In a tropical country when the sun’s rays strike
Earth’s surface. (See Figure 4). the ground in high angle, the place will then experience
warm season.

On the other hand, when the Sun’s rays come in at an oblique angle, each
square meter of the ground will receive a lesser amount of solar energy. This is
because, at a lower angle, solar energy will be distributed over a wider area. The
place will then experience less heating up. (See Figure 5).
In December, the South
Pole receives a high amount of
solar energy because it is tilted
toward the Sun. During this time,
the Sun’s direct rays strike the
Southern Hemisphere; hence,
hotter temperature will be
experienced all over the place. As a
rule of thumb, when it is cold in
the Northern Hemisphere, it is
warm in the Southern
Figure 5. When the sun’s rays strike the ground in lower
angle the place will then experience cold season.
Hemisphere.

According to astronomy, it takes twelve months for the earth to make a full
trip around the sun. This means that in June, the Sun’s direct rays strike on the
Northern Hemisphere and the place becomes warmer. At this time, the Southern
Hemisphere will experience a colder temperature (winter season).

8
 Finally, we can say that the seasons in the North and South Pole change
depending on the directions of the Earth towards the sun.
The Latitude of an Area and the Amount of Energy It Receives
The difference in solar energy received at different latitudes drives atmospheric
circulation. Places that get more solar energy have more heat. Places that get less
solar energy have less heat. Warm air rises, and cool air sinks. These principles mean
that air moves around the planet. The figure below shows the heat received in
different amount of sunlight.

Figure 6. The lowest latitudes get the most energy from the sun. The highest latitudes
get the least.

The Sun strikes the Earth’s surface most directly at the equator. This focuses
the rays on a small area. Near the poles, the Sun’s rays strike the surface at a slant.
This spreads the rays over a wide area. The more focused the rays are, the more
energy an area receives, and the warmer it becomes. The less focused the rays are,
the less energy an area receives, and the cooler it becomes. The lowest latitude gets
the most energy from the sun. The highest latitude gets the least.
To summarize our lesson, the warm season is brought on by the direct rays of
the Sun. But since Earth is tilted, only one hemisphere receives direct rays at any
one time, and that hemisphere will experience summer at that time. When the other
hemisphere of the Earth is experiencing summer, the other hemisphere experiences
winter. We do not experience winter in the Philippines because we are located near
the equator. On the other hand, when the Sun’s rays strike the ground at a high
angle, each square meter of the ground receives a greater amount of solar energy,
resulting in greater warmth. Moreover, the longer hours of daylight mean that the
Sun is in the sky for a longer time. Thus, there is a longer time to heat up the surface
of the earth.
At this point, you now know why seasons change. There are several factors
affecting the seasons of a place, namely: the tilt of the Earth, Earth’s revolution
around the Sun, direct rays of the Sun, and length of daytime.

9
 What’s More

Activity 4: See Photos

Directions: Study the pictures below. The arrows represent the rays of the Sun.
Explain why it is warmer in April than in December. Write your answers in your
notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

https://zenrooms.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/mayon-volcano-1.jpg
Aside from the direct rays of the Sun, there are other reasons why it
becomes hot during the summer. The following activity will show another reason.

Activity 5: Measure Me!

Directions: Analyze and study each table below, then answer the questions that
follow. Write your answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.
Table 1: Sunrise and sunset in Manila on selected days of 2011
Length of
Daytime Sunrise Sunset
Daytime
Jan 22, 2011 6:25 AM 5:50 PM 11h 25 m
Feb 22, 2011 6:17 AM 6:02 PM 11h 45m
March 22, 2011 5:59 AM 6:07 PM 12 h 08m
Apr 22, 2011 5:38 AM 6:11 PM 12 h 33m
May 22, 2011 5:27 AM 6:19 PM 12h 52m
Jun 22, 2011 5:28 AM 6:28 PM 13h 00m
Jul 22, 2011 5:36 AM 6:28 PM 12h 52m
Aug 22, 2011 5:43 AM 6:15 PM 12h 32m
Sep 22, 2011 5:45 AM 5:53 PM 12h 08m
Oct 22, 2011 5:49 AM 5:33 PM 11h 44m
Nov 22, 2011 6:00 AM 5:24 PM 11h 24m
Dec 22, 2011 6:16 AM 5:32 PM 11h 16m
https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/philippines/manila

10
 1. Compare the times of sunrise from January 2011 to December 2011. What
do you notice?

2. Compare the sunrise on June 22, 2011, with the sunrise on December 22,
2011. On which day did the Sun rise earlier?

3. Compare the time of sunrise on June 22, 2011, with the sunrise on
December 22, 2011. On which day did the Sun set later?

4. When was daytime the longest?

5. When was daytime the shortest?

Activity 6: Is it True or False?

Directions: Write T if the given statement is TRUE. Otherwise, write F if it is FALSE.
Write your answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The Northern Hemisphere receives direct rays from the Sun in June.

2. “Direct rays” means that the rays of the Sun hit the ground at 60 degrees.

3. The distance between the Earth and the Sun causes seasons to occur.

4. Places that get more solar energy have more heat.

5. Seasons happen because Earth’s axis is tilted at an angle of about 25.30.

6. The seasons happen as the Earth travels in a loop around the Sun each year.

7. The highest latitudes get the most energy from the sun.

8. The shorter the length of daytime, the lesser the amount of energy received.

9. We do not experience winter in the Philippines because we are too far from the
equator.

10. When the Sun’s rays come in at an oblique angle, each square meter of the
ground will receive a lesser amount of solar energy.

11. When the direct rays of the Sun hit the Northern Hemisphere, it will be summer
there.

12. It is cooler in December when the Sun is much lower in the sky at 52 degrees.

13. Longer hours of daylight mean that the Sun is in the sky for a longer time.

14. When the North Pole is tilted away from the Sun, the Northern Hemisphere is
also tilted away from the Sun.

15. Warm season is brought by the direct rays from the Sun.

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: Read each statement below carefully, then choose the correct answer
from the choices provided. Write your answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. It takes (12, 24) hours for the Earth to rotate on its axis. This results in one solar
day.

2. In (June, December) the Northern Hemisphere receives direct rays from the Sun.

3. The (Axial tilt, Sun) determines the length of daytime at any point of the Earth.

4. The (summer solstice, winter solstice) is the condition when there is a long day
and a short night.

5. The (highest, lowest) latitude gets the most energy from the sun.

6. The length of day and night depends on its (orbit, location).

7. When Sun’s rays come in at a/an (oblique, high) angle, each meter of the ground
will receive a lesser amount of energy.

8. Places that get (more, less) solar energy have more heat.

9. Any circle drawn around the Earth divides it into two equal halves called (equator,
hemisphere).

10. When direct rays of the Sun hit the Northern Hemisphere, it will be (summer,
winter) there.

11. We do not experience winter in the Philippines because we are too (near, far)
from the equator.

12. 12. Direct rays mean that the rays of the Sun hit the ground at (90 degrees, 52
degrees).

13. When one hemisphere of the (Earth, Sun) is experiencing summer, the other
hemisphere experiences winter.

14. A short day means a shorter time that the Sun is in the sky and there is less
time for the surface of the Earth to (cool down, warm up).

15. (Season, Revolution) is the result of Earth’s orbit around the Sun and the degree
of the Earth’s axis in the ecliptic plane.

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 What I Can Do

Poster-Making Activity
Directions: Make a poster about seasons using all the concepts that you have
learned from this module. Use 1 whole sheet of bond paper and send it to your
science teacher.
Here is the rubric for poster making.

4 3 2 1
The poster is The poster is The poster is The poster is
exceptionally attractive in acceptably distractingly
attractive in terms of attractive messy.
terms of neatness. It though it may
Artistry neatness. It is has good be a bit messy.
well- construction
constructed and not very
and not messy.
messy.

4 3 2 1
The poster is The poster is The poster is The poster
exceptionally creative, and a creative, and does not
creative. A lot good amount some thought reflect any
Creativity of thought and of thought was was put into degree of
effort was put used. it. creativity.
into
decorating.
4 3 2 1
The poster has The poster has The poster There was no
exceptional good use of has an use of new
use of new new ideas and average use of ideas and no
Originality ideas and has somehow has new ideas and originality in
originality. originality. has little the poster.
originality.

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the condition when there is a long night and a short day?
a. Autumnal Solstice c. Vernal Equinox
b. Summer Solstice d. Winter Solstice

2. What happens when daytime is longer than nighttime?

a. The time of heating up during the day will be shorter than the time of
cooling down at night.
b. The time of heating up during the day will be lesser than the time of cooling
down at night.
c. The time of heating up during the day will be longer than the time of cooling
down at night.
d. The time of heating up during the day will be more constant than the time
of cooling down at night.

3. How is the length of daytime related to the amount of solar energy?

a. The shorter the length of daytime, the lesser the amount of energy is
received.
b. The longer the daytime, the lower the amount of energy is received.
c. The shorter the length of daytime, the higher the amount of energy is
received.
d. The longer the daytime, the higher the amount of energy is received.

4. What happens when the Sun’s rays strike the ground at a high angle?
a. This results in less heat being absorbed by the Earth’s surface.
b. Each square meter of the ground receives a lesser amount of solar energy.
c. This results in moderate heat being absorbed by the Earth’s surface.
d. Each square meter of the ground receives a greater amount of solar energy.

5. Which of the following causes change in seasons?

a. The Earth is facing the Sun.
b. The Earth is away from the Sun.
c. The Earth is the only living planet.
d. The tilt of the Earth and the planet’s movement around the Sun.

6. How does the length of daytime and nighttime affect the season?
a. A shorter night means the time to cool down is lesser.
b. A shorter night means the time to cool down is longer.
c. Longer hours of daylight mean that the sun is in the sky for a longer time.
d. Shorter hours of daylight mean that the sun is in the sky for a longer time.

14
7. How does the latitude affect the amount of solar energy received in an area?
a. The more latitude gets the most energy from the sun while the less latitude
gets the least.
b. The lowest latitude gets the most energy from the sun while the highest
latitude gets the least.
c. The highest latitude gets the most energy from the sun while the lowest
latitude gets the least.
d. None of the above.

8. What would be the condition when the Earth has moved farther along its orbit
and the North Pole has become tilted away from the Sun?
a. Daytime will be longer than nighttime in the Northern Hemisphere.
b. Daytime will be longer than nighttime in the Southern Hemisphere.
c. Nighttime will be longer than daytime in the Northern Hemisphere.
d. Nighttime will be longer than daytime in the Southern Hemisphere.

9. What season would you expect to experience during the month of April in the
Philippines?
a. Dry Season
b. Wet Season
c. Autumn Season
d. Winter Season

10. Which of the following may occur when the North Pole is tilted toward the
Sun?
I. It is winter in the Southern Hemisphere.
II. It is winter in the Northern Hemisphere.
III. It is summer in the Northern Hemisphere.
IV. It is summer in the Southern Hemisphere.

a. I and II
b. II and III
c. I and III
d. III and IV

15
 Additional Activities

Directions: Determine what type of season is appropriate in the following pictures,

then explain why. Write your answers in your notebook or on separate sheet/s of
paper.

1.

2.

16
 17
What I Know What’s In What’s New
Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3
1. / 1. DAYTIME 1. E
2. / 2. TROPICAL 2. U
3. x 3. WEATHER 3. I
4. x 4. LATITUDE 4. N
5. / 5. NIGHTIME
6. x 6. CLIMATE
7. x 7. ATMOSPHERE Mystery Word
8. x 8. RAIN
9. / 9. SUMMER EQUINOX
10. / 10. METEOROLOGY
What’s More What’s More What’s More
Activity 4 Activity 5 Activity 6
In April, the picture shows Q1. The sun rises 1. True
that the Sun’s rays strike the earlier in 2. False
ground at high angle. Each December. 3. False
square meter of the ground 4. True
receives a greater amount of Q2. The Sun rises 5. False
solar energy than when rays earlier on June 22, 6. True
2011. 7. False
are inclined. On the other
8. True
hand, in December, the
Q3. The Sun sets later 9. False
Sun’s rays come in at an
on June 22, 2011. 10. True
oblique angle. Each square
meter of the ground will Q4. June 22, 2011.
receive a lesser amount of
solar energy. Q5. December 22, 2011.
Answer Key
 18
What I Have Learned What I Can Do Additional Activities
1. 24 Answers may vary 1. Summer Season.
2. December The Sun represents
3. Axial tilt summer season.
4. Summer Solstice 2. Rainy Season. The
5. Lowest rain represents rainy
6. Location Assessment season.
7. Oblique
8. More 1. d
9. Hemisphere 2. c
10. Summer 3. a
11. Near 4. b
12. 90 degrees 5. d
13. Earth 6. c
14. Warm-up 7. b
15. Season 8. c
9. a
10. c
References

Books

Asuncion, A. J., Catalan, M., Catris, L., & Ferrido, M. B. (2017). Science Grade 7
Learners Material. First Edition. Ground Floor Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd
Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600. FEP Printing
Corporation.
De Vera, M. (1999). Integrated Science Fundamentals for High School I. Trinitas
Complex Pantoc Road, Pantoc, Meycuayan 3020 Bulacan. TRINITAS
PUBLISHING INCORPORATED
Luistro, A. (2012). Science Grade-7 Learner’s Material: Part Two. Second Floor Dorm
G, PSC Complex, Meralco Avenue. Pasig City, Philippines 16000.
Department of Education
Salita, H. (2007) Salaginto. Vol. 24, 7. Makati City, Philippines. DIWA SCHOLSTIC
PRESS INC.

Websites
https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/philippines/manila

https://teacherworksheets.co.uk/sheets/seasons
https://www.season.gov/jetstream/itcz
http://depedcsjdm.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/1/6/7916797/q4_module_3_season
s_and_eclipses.pdf
https://c.tadst.
https://www.richhoffmanclass.com/images/chapter2/seasonsa.jpgcom/gfx/600x3
37/equinoxes-and-solstice.png?1
https://dr282zn36sxxg.cloudfront.net/datastreams/f-
d%3A768b0173ecea16504f4d5dce5bc41fc6bb39c96b0c596ed9efb015da%2B
IMAGE_THUMB_POSTCARD_TINY%2BIMAGE_THUMB_POSTCARD_TINY.1
https://encryptedtbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ86bfnzdfb_jVJv0GoyUh
IKGUvlzrmEtgDSQ&usqp=CAU
https://encryptedtbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQDpUz8hmewOQaau1q
M2AqmJ9VVC-gWV5jRsg&usqp=CAU

19
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph